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Beyond Browsing: API-Based Web Agents

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arxiv 2410.16464 v3 pith:VWZEQQW7 submitted 2024-10-21 cs.CL cs.MA

classification cs.CLcs.MA
keywords agentsbrowsingapistasksonlineagentaloneapi-based
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Web browsers are a portal to the internet, where much of human activity is undertaken. Thus, there has been significant research work in AI agents that interact with the internet through web browsing. However, there is also another interface designed specifically for machine interaction with online content: application programming interfaces (APIs). In this paper we ask -- what if we were to take tasks traditionally tackled by Browsing Agents, and give AI agents access to APIs? To do so, we propose two varieties of agents: (1) an API-calling agent that attempts to perform online tasks through APIs only, similar to traditional coding agents, and (2) a Hybrid Agent that can interact with online data through both web browsing and APIs. In experiments on WebArena, a widely-used and realistic benchmark for web navigation tasks, we find that API-Based Agents outperform web Browsing Agents. Hybrid Agents out-perform both others nearly uniformly across tasks, resulting in a more than 24.0% absolute improvement over web browsing alone, achieving a success rate of 38.9%, the SOTA performance among task-agnostic agents. These results strongly suggest that when APIs are available, they present an attractive alternative to relying on web browsing alone.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Web Agents Should Adopt the Plan-Then-Execute Paradigm

    cs.CR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Web agents should default to planning a complete task program before observing live web content to reduce prompt injection exposure, since WebArena tasks are compatible and 80% need no runtime LLM calls.

  2. Memory in the Age of AI Agents

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  3. Experience-Evolving Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agent with Hybrid Episodic-Procedural Memory

    cs.LG 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An LLM agent that builds a tool-transition graph with state summaries from past experience improves tool selection and RL exploration by large margins on multi-turn benchmarks.

  4. MGA: Memory-Driven GUI Agent for Observation-Centric Interaction

    cs.AI 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    MGA is a memory-driven GUI agent that uses an observer for bias-free screen reading and structured memory for compact state transitions to enable efficient long-horizon automation.

  5. Doc2Agent: Scalable Generation of Tool-Using Agents from API Documentation

    cs.CL 2025-06 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    Doc2Agent automatically converts unstructured REST API documentation into validated, Python-based tools for AI agents, reporting a 55% relative WebArena improvement over direct API calling.

  6. Branch-and-Browse: Efficient and Controllable Web Exploration with Tree-Structured Reasoning and Action Memory

    cs.AI 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Branch-and-Browse, a tree-structured web agent with page-level action memory, reports 35.8% success and up to 40.4% less time than the cited Tree Search baseline on WebArena.

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