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How fast can protons decay?
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abstract
Current laboratory bounds imply that protons are extremely long-lived. However, this conclusion may not hold for all time and in all of space. We find that the proton lifetime can be $\sim 15$ orders of magnitude shorter in the relatively recent past on Earth, or at the present time elsewhere in the Milky Way. A number of terrestrial and astrophysical constraints are examined and potential signals are outlined. We also sketch possible models that could lead to spatial or temporal variations in the proton lifetime. A positive signal could be compelling evidence for a new long range force of Nature, with important implications for the limitations of fundamental inferences based solely on laboratory measurements.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Correlated signals of ultralight scalar dark matter in pulsar timing
A finite-spatial-correlation Gaussian-field prior for PTA ULDM signals interpolates between fully correlated and uncorrelated limits and is validated on blinded mock data for linear and quadratic couplings.
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Nucleon Decays into Light New Particles in Neutrino Detectors
Nucleon decays into light new particles can hide from water-Cherenkov detectors when the charged partner is slow, while Earth-born fluxes of the decay products could be visible in existing underground detectors.
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