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Data movement limits to frontier model training

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arxiv 2411.01137 v2 pith:V5WUFS4V submitted 2024-11-02 cs.DC cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.DCcs.AIcs.LG
keywords trainingmodelrunsdataexceedingflopgivenmovement
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We present a theoretical model of distributed training, and use it to analyze how far dense and sparse training runs can be scaled. Under our baseline assumptions, given a three month training duration, data movement bottlenecks begin to significantly lower hardware utilization for training runs exceeding about $10^{28}$ FLOP, two orders of magnitude above the largest training run to date, suggesting the arrival of fundamental barriers to scaling in three years given recent rates of growth. A training run exceeding about $10^{31}$ FLOP is infeasible even at low utilization. However, more aggressive batch size scaling and/or shorter and fatter model shapes, if achievable, have the potential to permit much larger training runs.

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Forward citations

Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Seesaw: Accelerating Training by Balancing Learning Rate and Batch Size Scheduling

    cs.LG 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    When a cosine schedule would halve the learning rate, Seesaw cuts it by √2 and doubles the batch, matching loss curves with ~36% fewer serial steps.

  2. Verifying International Agreements on AI: Six Layers of Verification for Rules on Large-Scale AI Development and Deployment

    cs.CY 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Countries could verify compliance with international AI agreements through six redundant verification layers, provided the report's listed hardware and analysis challenges are solved.

  3. Technical Options for Flexible Hardware-Enabled Guarantees

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A hardware 'interlock' placed on AI accelerator network paths could provide privacy-preserving, verifiable guarantees about AI compute usage, according to a design analysis that sketches FLOP-counting and update protocols.

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