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Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites

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arxiv 2411.03374 v4 pith:YYQQCQ7G submitted 2024-11-05 astro-ph.IM astro-ph.CO

Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites

classification astro-ph.IM astro-ph.CO
keywords emissionsatellitesthermaldetectionmillimetersatellitewavelengthsartificial
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The detection of artificial satellite thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths is presented using data from the 3rd-Generation receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). This represents the first reported detection of thermal emission from artificial satellites at millimeter wavelengths. Satellite thermal emission is shown to be detectable at high signal-to-noise ratios on timescales as short as a few tens of milliseconds. An algorithm for downloading orbital information and tracking known satellites given observer constraints and time-ordered observatory pointing is described. Consequences for cosmological surveys and short-duration transient searches are discussed, revealing that the integrated thermal emission from all large satellites does not contribute significantly to the SPT-3G survey intensity map. Measured satellite positions are found to be discrepant from their two-line element (TLE) derived ephemerides up to several arcminutes which may present a difficulty in cross-checking or masking satellites from short-duration transient searches.

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