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An Empirical Analysis on Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Large Multimodal Models

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arxiv 2411.06048 v1 pith:GQ4LX5SK submitted 2024-11-09 cs.CV cs.AI

classification cs.CVcs.AI
keywords reasoningspatiallmmscapabilitiesspatial-mmacrossanalysesanalysis
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM, to comprehensively study LMMs' spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities. Our analyses on object-relationship and multi-hop reasoning reveal several important findings. Firstly, bounding boxes and scene graphs, even synthetic ones, can significantly enhance LMMs' spatial reasoning. Secondly, LMMs struggle more with questions posed from the human perspective than the camera perspective about the image. Thirdly, chain of thought (CoT) prompting does not improve model performance on complex multi-hop questions involving spatial relations. % Moreover, spatial reasoning steps are much less accurate than non-spatial ones across MLLMs. Lastly, our perturbation analysis on GQA-spatial reveals that LMMs are much stronger at basic object detection than complex spatial reasoning. We believe our benchmark dataset and in-depth analyses can spark further research on LMMs spatial reasoning. Spatial-MM benchmark is available at: https://github.com/FatemehShiri/Spatial-MM

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Understanding Space Is Rocket Science -- Only Top Reasoning Models Can Solve Spatial Understanding Tasks

    cs.CV 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new contrastive real-image benchmark shows most vision-language models fail spatial relation tasks, while chain-of-thought reasoning models approach human-level accuracy.

  2. BYO-Eval: Build Your Own Dataset for Fine-Grained Visual Assessment of Multimodal Language Models

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A Blender-based diagnostic toolkit that tests VLMs on fine-grained visual skills by varying one visual attribute at a time, exposing failure modes that coarse benchmarks miss.

  3. Seeing is Not Reasoning: MVPBench for Graph-based Evaluation of Multi-path Visual Physical CoT

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new multi-image benchmark and graph-based scoring method show that MLLMs produce weak, poorly-grounded chains of thought on visual physics tasks, and that RL post-training can degrade spatial reasoning.

  4. Scene Graph-Guided Proactive Replanning for Failure-Resilient Embodied Agent

    cs.RO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A robot replanner that compares scene graphs to successful demonstrations before each subtask, triggering LLM-based replanning on mismatch, raises task success in AI2-THOR.

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