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Toponium: the smallest bound state and simplest hadron in quantum mechanics

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arxiv 2412.11254 v3 pith:WLI432SL submitted 2024-12-15 hep-ph hep-ex

classification hep-phhep-ex
keywords toponiumboundquantumcomparedfactorotherquarkrightarrow
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We explore toponium, the smallest known quantum bound state of a top quark and its antiparticle, bound by the strong force. With a Bohr radius of $8\times 10^{-18}$~m and a lifetime of $2.5 \times 10^{-25}$~s, toponium uniquely probes microphysics. Unlike all other hadrons, it is governed by ultraviolet freedom. This distinction offers novel insights into quantum chromodynamics. Our analysis reveals a toponium signal exceeding $5\sigma$ in the distribution of the cross section ratio between $e^+e^- \rightarrow b\bar{b}$ and $e^+e^- \rightarrow q\bar{q}$ ($q=b,c,s,d,u$), based on 400~fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt{s}\approx 341~{\rm GeV}$. This discovery enables a top quark mass measurement with an uncertainty reduced by a factor of ten compared to current precision levels. Moreover, this method improves the systematic uncertainty by at least a factor of 2.7 compared to any other possible methods.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Topped baryons from QCD sum rules

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    QCD sum rules in HQET predict ground-state singly topped baryon masses near 174 GeV, some 1.1-1.5 GeV above the top quark pole mass.

  2. Toponium Spectrum in the Complex-Energy Plane

    nucl-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Toponium's T-matrix poles survive at realistic top width, supporting a quasi-bound-state interpretation despite the spectrum appearing as a single broad peak.

  3. Phenomenology of Hypothetical Single-Top Hadronic States

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    QCD sum-rule calculations yield single-top baryon and meson masses near the top-quark mass, with a few channels slightly below the naive quark-sum threshold.

  4. Triple top baryon $\Omega_{ttt}$

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The triple-top baryon Ωttt is predicted to have mass 513.58 GeV, binding energy 4.13 GeV, and a dominant W+W+W+bbb decay, with production cross sections too small to observe at near-future colliders.

  5. Probing Yoctosecond Quantum Dynamics in Toponium Formation at Colliders

    hep-ph 2025-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    The authors claim that R_b near 343 GeV can separate instantaneous from delayed toponium formation at more than 5 sigma, but the delayed scenario is parameterized by an undetermined constant A.

  6. Examining possible doubly topped baryon configurations

    hep-ph 2026-01 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    QCD sum rules give doubly topped baryon masses of 345-350 GeV, essentially the sums of the constituent quark masses, with no sign of genuine binding.

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