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SecBench: A Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional Benchmarking Dataset for LLMs in Cybersecurity

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arxiv 2412.20787 v3 pith:25MANYIA submitted 2024-12-30 cs.CR cs.AI

classification cs.CRcs.AI
keywords cybersecurityllmsdatasetsecbenchbenchmarkingdatamcqsquestions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for understanding their capabilities and limitations across various applications, including natural language processing and code generation. Existing benchmarks like MMLU, C-Eval, and HumanEval assess general LLM performance but lack focus on specific expert domains such as cybersecurity. Previous attempts to create cybersecurity datasets have faced limitations, including insufficient data volume and a reliance on multiple-choice questions (MCQs). To address these gaps, we propose SecBench, a multi-dimensional benchmarking dataset designed to evaluate LLMs in the cybersecurity domain. SecBench includes questions in various formats (MCQs and short-answer questions (SAQs)), at different capability levels (Knowledge Retention and Logical Reasoning), in multiple languages (Chinese and English), and across various sub-domains. The dataset was constructed by collecting high-quality data from open sources and organizing a Cybersecurity Question Design Contest, resulting in 44,823 MCQs and 3,087 SAQs. Particularly, we used the powerful while cost-effective LLMs to (1). label the data and (2). constructing a grading agent for automatic evaluation of SAQs. Benchmarking results on 16 SOTA LLMs demonstrate the usability of SecBench, which is arguably the largest and most comprehensive benchmark dataset for LLMs in cybersecurity. More information about SecBench can be found at our website, and the dataset can be accessed via the artifact link.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. SecRespond: Benchmarking AI Agents for Real-World Post-Compromise Incident Response

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    No frontier LLM agent fully detects and remediates any of 10 real post-compromise host ranges; alert-driven findings work, silent intrusion and verified cleanup do not.

  2. Beyond Success Rate: Cost-Aware Evaluation of Offensive and Defensive Security Agents

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Security-agent success changes differently with budget: offensive CTF tasks improve with more compute, while defensive SOC work depends more on tool discipline than spend.

  3. Measuring and Augmenting Large Language Models for Solving Capture-the-Flag Challenges

    cs.AI 2025-06 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    A benchmark and agent for CTF solving, but the agent's retrieval database appears to contain the answers to the test challenges, undermining the reported improvements.

  4. Cyber-Capable AI Agents: Vulnerabilities, Evaluation Containment, and Defensive Response

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A structured review organizes cyber-capable-agent risks into five vulnerability classes and argues that evaluation environments must be treated as operational security systems rather than background.

  5. Frontier AI Risk Management Framework in Practice: A Risk Analysis Technical Report

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An evaluation of 18 frontier AI models across seven catastrophic-risk categories finds all models in green or yellow zones, with none crossing the report's proposed red lines.

  6. Llama-3.1-FoundationAI-SecurityLLM-8B-Instruct Technical Report

    cs.CR 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Foundation-Sec-8B-Instruct, an instruction-tuned 8B cybersecurity LLM, is released and claimed to beat Llama 3.1-8B-Instruct on CTIBench-RCM and CTIBench-MCQA while remaining competitive on general instruction-following.

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