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Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC
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Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC
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Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex. Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings. Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT. Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ' 40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Multiwavelength study of non-thermal emission in the Swift J1834.9-0846/W41 region
Modeling favors a lepto-hadronic supernova remnant for the extended TeV emission from HESS J1834-087 plus a leptonic magnetar wind nebula for the central point-like source, with an implied magnetar birth spin period b...
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Non-thermal emission from the vicinity of the magnetar CXOU J171405.7-381031
Both leptonic and lepto-hadronic models fit the CTB 37B gamma-ray spectrum; neutral-pion decay matches above ~10 TeV but needs ~10^51 erg in protons unless the remnant hits dense gas.
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