Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 60 references

First experimental results and optimization study of the portable neutron-gamma imager GN-Vision

T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-10 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A hand-portable imager that sees gamma rays and slow neutrons at once has produced its first true neutron images, and a coded-mask upgrade is projected to multiply neutron efficiency by 15.6.

desk verdict Solid prototype status report; the experimental pinhole image is real, but the coded-aperture demonstration is circular and key characterization numbers are deferred to a companion paper. read the letter →

arxiv 2501.08792 v1 pith:5VYM4EAO submitted 2025-01-15 physics.ins-det nucl-ex

Jorge Lerendegui-Marco , James Hallam , Gastón Cisterna , Andrea Sanchis-Moltó , Javier Balibrea-Correa , Víctor Babiano , David Calvo , Gabriel de la Fuente
show 4 more authors
Bernardo Gameiro Ion Ladarescu Pablo Torres-Sánchez César Domingo-Pardo
This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.ins-detnucl-ex PACS 29.40.Mc
keywords dualneutron-gammaimaginghadrontherapynuclearinspectionsneutroncollimatorcoded-aperturemaskCLYCdetectorpinholecameraMURA
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper reports the first experimental demonstration that GN-Vision, a compact dual-modality imager, can localize thermal neutron sources. Using a position-sensitive CLYC crystal behind a lithium-polyethylene pinhole, it reconstructed images of a neutron-scattering target with 11 mm FWHM, peak-to-background contrast of about 15, and angular resolution below 5 degrees. It then uses Geant4 simulations, calibrated to those measurements, to argue that a rank-5 MURA coded aperture would increase detection efficiency by a factor of 15.6 over the 5 mm pinhole and widen the field of view from 32 to 60 degrees. The same simulations indicate that natural-lithium polyethylene could replace the expensive enriched material for fully thermalized neutron spectra. If these results hold, a single handheld device could image gamma and neutron sources simultaneously for nuclear security, reactor inspection, and proton-therapy monitoring.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing components are the position-sensitive CLYC-6 detector and the Geant4 model. The detector couples a monolithic 50x50x13 mm CLYC-6 crystal, enriched to 95% 6Li, to an 8x8 SiPM array read out with Anger logic, giving a sub-pixel position resolution of 5 mm and pulse-shape-discrimination figures of merit of 2.9 with SiPM readout that separate neutrons from gamma rays. The pinhole imaging itself uses simple inversion with a scaling factor S = d/F. For the optimization, the Geant4 model (QGSP_INCLXX_HP physics list, G4NDL-4.6 data) implements the detector with a Gaussian 5 mm FWHM transverse blur plus edge compression, and the coded-aperture study builds a response matrix from 100 simulated point-source positions and reconstructs via the Agostini and Maximum-Entropy deconvolution algorithms. The MURA rank-5 mask, with open fraction 0.48, is the object that carries the efficiency gain.

What would settle it

Measure the same thermal-neutron source with the pinhole and with the rank-5 MURA mask under identical beam conditions: if the count-rate ratio deviates strongly from 15.6, or if off-axis reconstructed centroids drift beyond the few millimeters the model predicts, the simplified spatial-response model fails.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

On the paper's own terms, the central discovery is that the first GN-Vision prototype, built from a 50x50x13 mm CLYC-6 crystal with SiPM Anger-logic readout and a 6LiPE pinhole collimator, produces genuine neutron images: the reconstructed source appears at the expected position with the expected size (11 mm FWHM), a peak-to-background ratio around 15, and an angular resolution below 5 degrees for thermal neutrons scattered by a 1 cm3 polyethylene cube. The simulations then show that replacing the pinhole with a rank-5 MURA coded mask raises efficiency by 15.6(2) times relative to the 5 mm pinhole (roughly four times more relative to the 2.5 mm pinhole used in the proof-of-concept experiment) while widening the field of view from 32 to 60 degrees, at the cost of coarser resolution that the authors expect to recover with better deconvolution or larger response matrices. The same simulations indicate that natural-lithium polyethylene gives acceptable contrast for fully thermalized spectra, making a cheaper collimator viable. For gamma rays, the realistic simulations show a two-fold broadening of the Compton image resolution from experimental effects, but the source centroids remain accurate.

Load-bearing premise

Everything projected for the final device depends on the detector's position response being close to a Gaussian blur of 5 mm FWHM with mild edge compression; if the true response is more nonlinear toward the crystal edges, the simulated angular resolution and the coded-mask efficiency gains will overstate what the hardware can deliver.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A single handheld device can provide simultaneous gamma and neutron imaging, since the 6LiPE collimator is essentially transparent to gammas above about 100 keV while the CLYC layer separates the two particle types.
  • For thermal-neutron environments, collimator cost can be cut substantially by using natural LiPE rather than 95% enriched 6LiPE, with contrast still acceptable (PBR about 2.8 to 3.8) though the spatial resolution worsens by roughly 50 percent for thermal neutrons.
  • The coded aperture yields 15.6 times the efficiency of a 5 mm pinhole and a 60-degree field of view, enabling faster surveys or detection of weaker neutron sources; the resolution loss is expected to be mitigated by including detector blur in the response matrix and using more advanced deconvolution.
  • The full dual-imager integration would bring Compton gamma imaging at 511 keV with about two-fold resolution broadening from experimental effects but small centroid shifts, together with neutron imaging at roughly 5-degree angular resolution.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the 15.6x efficiency gain holds in hardware, the same acquisition time would yield substantially more counts, allowing real-time imaging of weak neutron sources; a natural next test is to measure the pinhole-versus-mask efficiency ratio directly on the ILL beam rather than in simulation.
  • The strong dependence of contrast on neutron energy (PBR falling from about 15 at thermal energies to roughly 2 to 6 at 1 eV even with enriched LiPE) implies that field deployments will need to know the source spectrum; in mixed thermal-epithermal environments the coded mask may need thicker or enriched material to keep useful contrast.
  • Because the coded-mask approach recovers image quality only when the response matrix includes the detector's measured blur, it effectively trades simple analytic imaging for a calibrated, computational imaging system; laboratory calibration of the spatial response may matter as much as the mask pattern itself.
  • For medical applications such as BNCT, where thermal neutrons dominate, the combination of natural LiPE and a coded mask could make a low-cost clinical dosimetry imager feasible, though that extrapolation goes beyond what the paper demonstrates.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 6 minor

Summary. This paper presents the first experimental neutron images from the GN-Vision prototype, a compact dual neutron-gamma imager based on a monolithic CLYC-6 crystal with SiPM readout and a 6LiPE pinhole collimator, and then reports Geant4 simulation studies of the final design. The experimental section (Sec. 3) summarizes the detector characterization and shows reconstructed images of a polyethylene cube irradiated by a thermal neutron beam, claiming a peak-to-background contrast of about 15 and an angular resolution below 5 degrees, with details deferred to the companion paper [33]. The simulation section (Sec. 4) evaluates the impact of experimental resolutions on Compton and neutron imaging, compares natural and enriched LiPE collimator materials, and investigates a Rank-5 MURA coded-aperture mask with deconvolution algorithms, reporting a 15.6x efficiency gain over a 5 mm pinhole and a 60-degree field of view.

Significance. If the experimental proof-of-concept holds, GN-Vision represents a meaningful step toward compact handheld dual neutron-gamma imaging with applications in nuclear security and hadron therapy. The simulation study provides useful guidance for collimator upgrades, particularly the natural LiPE option for cost reduction and the order-of-magnitude efficiency gain from a coded aperture. However, the experimental evidence is largely delegated to a companion paper, and the coded-aperture imaging demonstration in Sec. 4.3 is a self-consistency check rather than an independent validation. The efficiency gain claim is plausible but contains an internal inconsistency in the pinhole geometry that must be resolved before the headline number can be accepted.

major comments (4)
  1. [Sec. 4.3] The efficiency comparison is internally inconsistent. The text states "the aperture radius was D = 5 mm, resulting in an open fraction rho = pi/100 ~ 0.031" and later refers to a "5 mm diameter pinhole". For a 50x50 mm detector, rho = pi/100 corresponds to a pinhole radius of 5 mm (diameter 10 mm), not a 5 mm diameter; a 5 mm diameter pinhole would have rho ~ 0.00785. The claimed 15.6(2) efficiency ratio therefore refers to a 10 mm diameter pinhole, not the stated 5 mm diameter. If the 5 mm diameter is intended, the efficiency gain would be about 61. Please correct the geometry and recompute the ratio.
  2. [Sec. 4.3] The "G" pattern test is constructed by Eq. (2) as a linear combination of the same response matrix D used by the deconvolution algorithms. Reconstructing this pattern demonstrates only that the algorithms can invert their own forward model; it does not validate that the Geant4 response model correctly represents the physical detector. The sentence "Upon successful reconstruction of the first thermal neutron images using the coded mask and unfolding algorithms" overstates the result, as no experimental coded-mask data are presented. Please reframe this as an algorithmic self-consistency check, and if the coded-aperture imaging capability is to be claimed, provide an independent test (e.g., a simulated source pattern not built from D, or an experimental measurement).
  3. [Sec. 3] The paper's title promises first experimental results, but the quantitative experimental claims—PSD figures of merit (3.8 and 2.9), position resolution of 5 mm, linear response over the central 30 mm, and angular resolution below 5 degrees—are deferred to Ref. [33] without presenting the underlying data or analysis. The image reconstruction in Sec. 3.2 also lacks a description of event selection, background subtraction, and the uncertainty on the ~15 peak-to-background ratio. Please add the essential details or explicitly state which results come from the companion paper and how they were obtained.
  4. [Sec. 4.1 and 4.3] The simulation predictions use a CLYC spatial response of 5 mm FWHM Gaussian with edge compression, verified only over the central 30 mm of the 50 mm crystal (Sec. 4.1). The coded-aperture study in Sec. 4.3 uses a 2 mm sigma Gaussian and omits the edge compression entirely, despite the 60-degree FOV illuminating a large peripheral area. The robustness of the predicted efficiency and image quality to the spatial-response model should be tested (e.g., by varying the blur width and including the edge compression) or explicitly stated as a limitation.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Sec. 1] The introduction contains an incomplete sentence: "the gamma-imaging capability in GN-Vision is already at a very high technology readiness level (TRL) following ."
  2. [Sec. 1 and Sec. 5] Citation placeholders remain in the text: "[47? , 48]" and "[45, 24, 46, 47 ? , 48]"; these need to be resolved before publication.
  3. [Sec. 4.1] The phrase "utter GN-Vision prototype" should likely be "ultimate GN-Vision prototype".
  4. [Sec. 4.1 and 4.3] The spatial resolution notation is inconsistent: Sec. 4.1 uses "5 mm (FHWM)" while Sec. 4.3 uses "2 mm (sigma)"; please use a single convention and correct the FWHM typo.
  5. [Sec. 4.1] The angular resolution statement "8 mm (sigma) ... corresponds to an angular resolution of ~5 degrees" should specify whether the 5 degrees is FWHM or sigma; the conversion implies FWHM.
  6. [Fig. 10 caption] The caption contains a typo: "top pannel" should be "top panel".

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged · score 4.0 of 10

Coded-aperture 'G' test in Sec. 4.3 is a self-consistency check built from the same response matrix used for deconvolution; the experimental pinhole POC in Sec. 3.2 remains independent.

  1. self definitional [Sec. 4.3, Eq. (2) and the 'G' pattern reconstruction (pp. 9-10)]
    "To evaluate the quality of the reconstructed images, several spatial patterns for the neutron source were created as a linear combination of the 100 individual responses to the simulated point-like source positions. The detector response for each detector pixel R_j for a combined pattern is constructed as follows: R_j = sum_i D_ij v_i, (2). ... Upon successful reconstruction of the first thermal neutron images using the coded mask and unfolding algorithms..."

    The same response matrix D, built from 100 simulated point-source responses on a 10x10 grid, is used both to synthesize the test pattern R_j via Eq. (2) and as the forward model in the Agostini and Maximum Entropy deconvolutions that reconstruct the 'G' image. The reconstruction is therefore a round-trip through a single linear operator: it verifies that the iterative solvers can invert their own forward model, but it cannot validate the Geant4 response model (mask geometry, neutron transport, CLYC position response) or the coded-aperture imaging concept against physical data. Any systematic error in the simulated response is invisible to this test.

full rationale

Sec. 3.2 contains an independent experimental proof of concept: pinhole neutron images from ILL data are shown in Fig. 4 with the expected shift, about 11 mm FWHM, and peak-to-background of about 15, so the central experimental claim is not itself circular. The heavy self-citation to Refs. [25] and [33] supplies the measured detector response (5 mm FWHM spatial resolution, edge compression) and earlier design studies; using measured values as simulation inputs is legitimate and not a circular derivation, and no uniqueness theorem or ansatz is smuggled in through those citations. The main circularity is confined to Sec. 4.3: the synthetic 'G' test is generated from the same response matrix used in the deconvolutions, so it demonstrates algorithmic self-consistency rather than independent imaging validation. The 15.6x efficiency gain is a simulation result explicitly linked by the authors to the open-fraction difference; it is not a fitted parameter renamed as a prediction, but it is also not independently validated by the 'G' test. Overall, the paper's principal experimental pinhole result remains independent, and the coded-aperture section is clearly framed as an MC optimization, hence a moderate score of 4 rather than 6 or higher.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No new physical entities are introduced. The free parameters are detector-response inputs and simulation choices taken from the authors' prior measurements or from standard practice; they are not fitted to the imaging outputs. The central proof of concept is experimental, but the coded-aperture and cost studies rely on a simulation chain whose inputs are partly drawn from an unpublished companion paper.

free parameters (4)
  • CLYC-SiPM spatial resolution = 5 mm FWHM
    Set from the authors' own previous measurement [33], not fitted to imaging results. Used in Sec. 4.1 to blur simulated neutron and gamma hit positions.
  • Energy resolution scaling = 6% at 662 keV with 1/sqrt(E) dependence
    Assumed for the CLYC and LaCl3 crystals in the performance simulation (Sec. 4.1); based on measured values but chosen by hand for the model.
  • Deposited-energy threshold = 100 keV per crystal
    Realistic threshold assumed in Sec. 4.1 for the simulation; affects Compton image efficiency and resolution.
  • Coded-aperture response matrix sampling = 10x10 source positions over 60 deg FOV, 200 mm spacing
    Choice in Sec. 4.3; the response matrix resolution and coverage limit the achievable reconstructed image resolution.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Geant4 with QGSP_INCLXX_HP and G4NDL-4.6 (JEFF-3.3) accurately simulates thermal and epithermal neutron transport and 6Li(n,alpha) reactions in CLYC and LiPE.
    Sec. 4.1 describes the Monte Carlo setup; all simulated performance predictions depend on this physics-list accuracy.
  • domain assumption CLYC pulse-shape discrimination can be modeled by flagging 6Li(n,alpha) energy depositions, neglecting real PSD misclassification and background.
    Sec. 4.1 states a flag identifies 6Li(n,alpha) reactions; any real gamma-neutron misclassification that affects contrast is absent from the simulation.
  • domain assumption The CLYC-SiPM position response is adequately described by a 5 mm FWHM Gaussian plus edge compression, with depth-of-interaction fixed at mid-crystal.
    Sec. 4.1 lists this model; the predicted neutron and gamma image resolution depends on it.
  • domain assumption 6LiPE material is transparent to gamma rays above roughly 100 keV and therefore does not perturb Compton imaging.
    Stated in Sec. 2 as the basis for simultaneous neutron-gamma vision; used implicitly in Sec. 4.1 simulations where gamma events pass through the collimator.
  • standard math The imaging response is linear: a multi-source pattern equals the sum of individual point-source responses (Eq. 2).
    Sec. 4.3 constructs the simulated 'G' pattern as a linear combination of detector responses; this assumes no non-linear saturation or coincidence effects.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of First experimental results and optimization study of the portable neutron-gamma imager GN-Vision." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/5VYM4EAO

@misc{pith2026250108792,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: First experimental results and optimization study of the portable neutron-gamma imager GN-Vision},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/5VYM4EAO}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2501.08792}
}
abstract

GN-Vision is a compact, dual-modality imaging device designed to simultaneously localize the spatial origin of $\gamma$-ray and slow neutron sources, with potential applications in nuclear safety, security, and hadron therapy. The system utilizes two position-sensitive detection planes, combining Compton imaging techniques for $\gamma$-ray visualization with passive collimation for imaging slow and thermal neutrons (energies below 100 eV). This paper presents the first experimental outcomes from the initial GN-Vision prototype, focused on the development of its neutron imaging capabilities. Following this experimental assessment, we explore the device$'$s performance potential and discuss several Monte Carlo simulation-based optimizations aimed at refining the neutron collimation system. These optimizations seek to improve real-time imaging efficiency and cost-effectiveness, enhancing GN-Vision$'$s applicability for future practical deployments.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2501.08792 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Sketch of the earliest GN-Vision prototype showing the working prin [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Components and electronic chain from the SiPM to the signal processing with the CAEN DACQ used in the development and characterization of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Experimental setup for the proof-of-concept experiments of neutron [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (10 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: First experimental neutron images reconstructed with GN-Vision us [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Geometry model of GN-Vision as implemented in Geant4. The main [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Compton images resulting from the simulations of GN-Vision response to 3 point-like sources of 511 keV [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Neutron images resulting from the simulations of GN-Vision response to 3 point-like sources of 0.025 eV neutrons (top) and projections onto the X-axis [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_7.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The simulated neutrons were emitted with two di [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Reconstructed neutron images for three isotropic point-like sources neutrons located at 20 cm from GN-Vision with a collimator of T [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_8.png]
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The Rank 5 coded mask pattern highlighted in red each the 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Spatial distribution of neutron hits created by a neutron source patter [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Images unfolded for a ”G” pattern of thermal neutrons. Top pan [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_11.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Comparison of images of thermal neutron point-like source in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_12.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

60 extracted references · 60 canonical work pages

  1. [33]

    Imaging neutrons with a position-sensitive monolithic CLYC detector

    J. Lerendegui-Marco et al. Imaging neutrons with a position-sensitive monolithic clyc detector. arXiv:2410.12533, 2024

    work page Pith review arXiv 2024

  2. [1]

    H. M. O. Parker and M. J. Joyce. The use of ionising radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 85:297–318, 2015

    work page 2015

  3. [2]

    Sato et al

    Y . Sato et al. Radiation imaging using a compact compton camera mounted on a crawler robot inside reactor buildings of fukushima dai- ichi nuclear power station. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(9-10):801–808, 2019

    work page 2019

  4. [3]

    Vetter et al

    K. Vetter et al. Gamma-ray imaging for nuclear security and safety: Towards 3-d gamma-ray vision. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment , 878:159–168, 2018. Radiation Imaging Tech- niques and Applications

    work page 2018

  5. [4]

    J. K. Polack et al. Dual-particle imager for stando ff detection of special nuclear material. In 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, pp. 1494–1500, 2011

    work page 2011

  6. [5]

    Poitrasson-Rivi `ere et al

    A. Poitrasson-Rivi `ere et al. Angular-resolution and material- characterization measurements for a dual-particle imaging system with mixed-oxide fuel. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equip- ment, 797:278–284, 2015

    work page 2015

  7. [6]

    Petrovi ´c et al

    J. Petrovi ´c et al. Rapid imaging of special nuclear materials for nuclear nonproliferation and terrorism prevention. Science Advances, 7(21) 3032, 2021

    work page 2021

  8. [7]

    Soundara-Pandian et al

    L. Soundara-Pandian et al. Clyc in gamma -neutron imaging system. In 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC), pp. 101–105, 2012

    work page 2012

Show all 60 references
  1. [8]

    C. M. Whitney et al. Gamma–neutron imaging system utilizing pulse shape discrimination with clyc. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment , 784:346–351, 2015. Symposium on Radiation Measurem...

    2015

  2. [9]

    Al Hamrashdi et al

    H. Al Hamrashdi et al. A fast and portable imager for neutron and gamma emitting radionuclides. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Re- search Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 953:163253, 2020

    2020

  3. [10]

    W. M. Steinberger et al. Imaging special nuclear material using a hand- held dual particle imager. Scientific Reports, 10(1):1855, Feb 2020

    2020

  4. [11]

    Boo et al

    J. Boo et al. Compact lightweight imager of both gamma rays and neu- trons based on a pixelated stilbene scintillator coupled to a silicon photo- multiplier array. Scientific Reports, 11(1):3826, Feb 2021

    2021

  5. [12]

    Guo et al

    J. Guo et al. Compact mppc-based coded aperture imaging camera for dual-particle detection. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods

  6. [13]

    Lopez et al

    R. Lopez et al. Neutron and gamma imaging using an organic glass scin- tillator handheld dual particle imager. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1042:167407, 2022

    2022

  7. [14]

    Schneider and R

    U. Schneider and R. H ¨alg. The impact of neutrons in clinical proton therapy. Frontiers in Oncology, 5, 2015

    2015

  8. [15]

    R. A. H ¨alg and U. Schneider. Neutron dose and its measurement in proton therapy-current state of knowledge. Br J Radiol , 93(1107):20190412, January 2020

    2020

  9. [16]

    M. Durante. Proton beam therapy in europe: more centres need more research. British Journal of Cancer, 120(8):777–778, Apr 2019

    2019

  10. [17]

    Pausch et al

    G. Pausch et al. Detection systems for range monitoring in proton therapy: Needs and challenges. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Re- search Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 954:161227, 2020. Symposium on Radiation Measureme...

    2020

  11. [18]

    S. D. Clarke et al. A scintillator-based approach to monitor secondary neutron production during proton therapy.Medical Physics, 43(11):5915– 5924, 2016

    2016

  12. [19]

    Meric et al

    I. Meric et al. A hybrid multi-particle approach to range assessment-based treatment verification in particle therapy. Scientific Reports, 13(1):6709, Apr 2023

    2023

  13. [20]

    S. M. Schellhammer et al. Hybrid treatment verification based on prompt gamma rays and fast neutrons: multivariate modelling for proton range determination. Frontiers in Physics, 11, 2023

    2023

  14. [21]

    Winkler et al

    A. Winkler et al. Prompt gamma and neutron detection in bnct uti- lizing a cdte detector. Applied Radiation and Isotopes , 106:139–144,

  15. [22]

    Hou et al

    Z. Hou et al. Boron concentration prediction from compton camera im- age for boron neutron capture therapy based on generative adversarial network. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 186:110302, 2022

    2022

  16. [23]

    Lerendegui-Marco et al

    J. Lerendegui-Marco et al. Device for the simultaneous detection, iden- tification, quantification and/or location of gamma radiation and neutron sources, 2021. International Patent WO2021229132A1

    2021

  17. [24]

    Lerendegui-Marco, J. et al. Simultaneous neutron and gamma imaging system for real time range and dose monitoring in hadron therapy and nuclear security applications. EPJ Web Conf., 261:05001, 2022

    2022

  18. [25]

    Lerendegui-Marco et al

    J. Lerendegui-Marco et al. Simultaneous gamma-neutron vision device: a portable and versatile tool for nuclear inspections. EPJ Techniques and Instrumentation, 11(1):2, Feb 2024

    2024

  19. [26]

    H. O. Anger. Scintillation camera. Review of Scientific Instruments , 29(27), 1958

    1958

  20. [27]

    Caballero et al

    L. Caballero et al. Gamma-ray imaging system for real-time measure- ments in nuclear waste characterisation. Journal of Instrumentation , 13(03):P03016–P03016, mar 2018

    2018

  21. [28]

    G. Skinner. Imaging with coded-aperture masks. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research , 221(1):33–40, 1984. Proceedings of the International Workshop on X- andγ-Ray Imaging Techniques

    1984

  22. [29]

    M. J. Cie ´slak et al. Coded-aperture imaging systems: Past, present and future development – a review.Radiation Measurements, 92:59–71, 2016

    2016

  23. [30]

    C. V . Griffith et al. 64-element fast-neutron, coded-aperture imager. In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Se- curity (HST), pp. 1–5, 2017

    2017

  24. [31]

    Lynde et al

    C. Lynde et al. Demonstration of coded-aperture fast-neutron imaging based on timepix detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associ- ated Equipment, 954:161373, 2020. Symposium on Radiation Measure- m...

    2020

  25. [32]

    Stone et al

    M. Stone et al. Characterization of shielding materials used in neutron scattering instrumentation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associ- ated Equipment, 946:162708, 2019

    2019

  26. [34]

    Everett et al

    D. Everett et al. Gamma-radiation imaging system based on the compton effect. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers , 124:995– 1000(5), November 1977

    1977

  27. [35]

    Domingo-Pardo

    C. Domingo-Pardo. i-TED: A novel concept for high-sensitivity (n, γ) cross-section measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in 12 Physics Research A, 825:78–86, 2016

    2016

  28. [36]

    Olleros et al

    P. Olleros et al. On the performance of large monolithic LaCl3(Ce) crys- tals coupled to pixelated silicon photosensors.Journal of Instrumentation, 13(03):P03014–P03014, 2018

    2018

  29. [37]

    Babiano et al

    V . Babiano et al. γ-Ray position reconstruction in large monolithic LaCl3(Ce) crystals with SiPM readout.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 931:1–22, July 2019

    2019

  30. [38]

    Babiano et al

    V . Babiano et al. First i-TED demonstrator: A Compton imager with Dynamic Electronic Collimation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 953:163228, 2020

    2020

  31. [39]

    Balibrea-Correa et al

    J. Balibrea-Correa et al. Machine Learning aided 3D-position reconstruc- tion in large LaCl3 crystals. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associ- ated Equipment, 1001:165249, 2021

    2021

  32. [40]

    Babiano et al

    V . Babiano et al. Imaging neutron capture cross sections: i-ted proof-of- concept and future prospects based on machine-learning techniques. The European Physical Journal A, 57:197, 2021

    2021

  33. [41]

    Lerendegui-Marco, J. et al. Compton imaging and machine-learning tech- niques for an enhanced sensitivity in key stellar (n,γ) measurements. EPJ Web Conf., 260:10002, 2022

    2022

  34. [42]

    Domingo-Pardo, C. et al. Compton imaging for enhanced sensitivity (n,γ) cross section tof experiments: Status and prospects. EPJ Web of Conf., 284:01018, 2023

    2023

  35. [43]

    Lerendegui-Marco, J. et al. New detection systems for an enhanced sen- sitivity in key stellar (n, γ) measurements. EPJ Web Conf., 279:13001, 2023

    2023

  36. [44]

    Domingo-Pardo et al

    C. Domingo-Pardo et al. Advances and new ideas for neutron-capture astrophysics experiments at cern n tof. The European Physical Journal A, 59(1):8, Jan 2023

    2023

  37. [45]

    Lerendegui-Marco et al

    J. Lerendegui-Marco et al. Towards machine learning aided real-time range imaging in proton therapy. Scientific Reports , 12(1):2735, Feb 2022

    2022

  38. [46]

    Balibrea-Correa et al

    J. Balibrea-Correa et al. Hybrid in-beam pet- and compton prompt- gamma imaging aimed at enhanced proton-range verification. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 137(11):1258, 2022

    2022

  39. [47]

    Lerendegui-Marco et al

    J. Lerendegui-Marco et al. Real-time boron concentration measurement in bnct using compton imaging. arXiv:2409.05687, 2024. P. Torres-S´anchez et al. The i-ted compton camera array for real-time boron imaging and determination during treatments in boron neutron cap- ture thera...

    2024 arXiv

  40. [48]

    Babiano et al

    V . Babiano et al. A computer-vision aided compton-imaging system for radioactive waste characterization and decommissioning of nuclear power plants. arXiv:2411.07996, 2024

    2024 arXiv

  41. [49]

    Giaz et al

    A. Giaz et al. The clyc-6 and clyc-7 response to γ-rays, fast and ther- mal neutrons. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equip- ment, 810:132–139, 2016

    2016

  42. [50]

    Ab4t-array64p, 4-channel active base for the sensl arrayc /j-60035- 64p-pcb

    AiT. Ab4t-array64p, 4-channel active base for the sensl arrayc /j-60035- 64p-pcb. https://www.ait-instruments.com/AB4T_ARRAY64P_ p/ab4tarray64p.htm, 2010

    2010

  43. [51]

    Fipps (fission product prompt γ-ray spec- trometer) and its first experimental campaign.EPJ Web Conf., 193:04009, 2018

    Michelagnoli, Caterina et al. Fipps (fission product prompt γ-ray spec- trometer) and its first experimental campaign.EPJ Web Conf., 193:04009, 2018

    2018

  44. [52]

    B. Gameiro. Optimization of imaging techniques for background sup- pression of stellar nucleo-synthesis reactions with i-ted, 2023

    2023

  45. [53]

    Allison et al

    J. Allison et al. Recent developments in Geant4. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 835:186 – 225, 2016

    2016

  46. [54]

    https://geant4.web.cern.ch/ node/155

    GEANT4 Reference Physics Lists. https://geant4.web.cern.ch/ node/155

  47. [55]

    Mendoza et al

    E. Mendoza et al. New Standard Evaluated Neutron Cross Section Li- braries for the GEANT4 Code and First Verification. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 61(4):2357–2364, 2014

    2014

  48. [56]

    A. J. M. Plompen et al. The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library, JEFF-3.3. The European Physical Journal A, 56(7):181, Jul 2020

    2020

  49. [57]

    Tomitani and M

    T. Tomitani and M. Hirasawa. Image reconstruction from limited angle Compton camera data. Physics in Medicine and Biology , 47(12):2129– 2145, jun 2002

    2002

  50. [58]

    Gottesman and E

    S. Gottesman and E. Fenimore. New family of binary arrays for coded aperture imaging. Applied optics, 28:4344–52, 10 1989

    1989

  51. [59]

    J. Hallam. Gn-vision: Simultaneous gamma-ray and neutron imaging. Master’s thesis, University of Surrey, 2023. 13

    2023

  52. [2015]

    Representative person of the Organizing Committee: Dr Hanna Koivunoro (Secretary general of the ICNCT-16)

    The 16th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy (ICNCT-16). Representative person of the Organizing Committee: Dr Hanna Koivunoro (Secretary general of the ICNCT-16)

Pith tools

Reviewed August 10, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.