Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 138 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.16435.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:45.930805Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-02T19:07:17.447586Z
100 of 138 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation dcae5bf4-5805-47b8-b3ee-72817a974e71 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 6c4f1968-3fa7-41f2-8a19-259b155a6109 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 2a733dce-8010-4c1d-a0e6-1ae533b4635f · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 28a7c56a-5ed9-404c-a1a9-d55a5084fb38 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if it shows the rela- tionships for the three groups, “FALSE
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation ba272068-0abb-4fb0-acd8-5c0349f740c2 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Every face shows a different letter, number, or symbol
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation f5da6c44-6cdb-4a48-984f-cb14456ea6f3 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” or “FALSE
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 316b6503-f213-48cd-9cc3-ec781bad5bd0 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 54af9512-ec89-430d-b358-fb4b4c4668a8 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f5d1990d-f03a-4108-a905-2c7dc3ae04a7 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Task: For box E, decide if there is one continuous line that
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0a7cdffc-d3ba-4ca0-ac5c-d3cc1ff5616c · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 8e7e5079-f341-4406-80b8-f61c2c394b1e · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a421a0ff-bb28-49b4-9883-1f2ac7b01762 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if box E meets all the rules, “FALSE
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d4bb6c25-989c-4896-a778-17d889dee46a · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 1c955432-7196-4744-a0b9-66b89767d8a4 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 73bf0136-67e8-48ab-8901-38fa4609e895 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Task: Find the shortest street route from F to T
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f86999a5-a769-465a-a1a2-14f82767f4b4 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7797e4e5-d89f-4eb8-934b-e5e19e294436 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7cf5286f-7f3b-4dfb-84e8-bc4e3b5bec91 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs The ability to manipulate or transform the im- age of spatial patterns into other arrangements
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 834dd47a-36de-4fcb-8aea-cbed33537781 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 6e5fc2be-1c2f-489f-b1a8-eb8427f6c26f · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if it is or “FALSE
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 4712849f-095c-45b2-8a29-1b45267d76f7 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Do not flip or rotate the paper except for the folds shown
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e7d7a7d6-2f88-4131-8479-8463452cd298 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 992da900-bc3d-4932-87a5-46ddd0fe4922 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 15481346-0a90-411c-91a7-642a1b4be87e · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 7a349d6a-4f1b-42c4-ae5a-1dbd37ee2251 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if every hole (num- ber and position) in the second image matches your mental result exactly, otherwise “FALSE
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7c7e569f-3c01-47c0-92cc-bf6f40fa5dd1 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
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Observation a380d7aa-b5c1-4398-a0f1-e3d982936a59 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 04574be3-c681-47b7-9b4e-ccc957401b07 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 61165cc4-a912-4612-9c29-b72a4ef14bae · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs If no match is found after scanning the entire larger image, output ‘”answer”: ”FALSE”‘
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 040a171b-adbb-4eb1-9d4b-868bd0b99c18 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 2a681d07-684e-48e8-a898-28840ae68d26 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 220fc2b6-8855-4519-a966-1ed0209bac87 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 22e6e768-e8f9-4a74-bf08-8cb84d08e44b · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation de8fae0b-a151-4b67-a4c1-61e3f01ab257 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Otherwise, return ‘”answer”: ”FALSE”‘
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 96346e84-78a7-4e21-a185-a211adb76517 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 82532aa5-031b-44a3-8ca8-6965b9cc5148 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 233e0aa8-38f4-4f5c-8301-588e47e602fd · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 4810b07a-e599-4613-ba38-80af6fb9cdf2 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 32caeff6-b731-4630-8c55-2b14403d790c · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to CS1: Gestalt Completion Test
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6a19e9d4-d897-4c3e-8077-f07109e22362 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6d3e3782-0baf-4782-952d-335a5489a1b0 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e6bcd3b3-00d9-457e-a3c0-71c40a663801 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to CS2: Concealed Words Test
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 52b52b1c-48e0-40ae-a9e4-afdddd356617 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c86e6cfa-8ee0-4740-b560-5f9a6800d383 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c7fff1ac-95b7-44a9-bce7-91fcc51d2b57 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
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Observation 0832c479-e345-4830-ac39-4e63494a8713 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to CS3: Snowy Pictures
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation ac477772-bdc7-4f0a-addc-3873f1eeac78 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f6f29b32-1d57-45f6-938a-d76c176df210 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to I3: Figure Classification
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 2fce2a3b-4083-498e-a533-265e24b2bdf8 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b0054063-e0dd-4827-876a-1a8af7d8f04e · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation fad65299-3764-43a9-b43c-9aef3d23dfa5 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5757b1a3-37b8-4140-a03c-f8497b66241b · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 29b0b643-aaad-4af0-8542-80ccb3863b8b · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MA1: Picture-Number Test
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation ad70772a-2412-48ec-9733-1475ea362901 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a477854a-89ef-4ee1-b363-fb06b8a59165 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 80efd12a-af7a-4137-876c-a26079d88424 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 86b28a12-5098-421a-b322-a52495098d77 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 57761c1c-a3fb-4f6a-a57e-430ec72e6e8f · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV1: Shape Memory Test
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6210ef3a-0b82-4ced-86c2-f25bdf19e49e · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d3cf2703-4306-4854-8fba-aefac74d6a1f · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation cfcf440f-5cf8-4019-810b-d2679772e411 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 5290eeb0-5d71-4edb-b053-72837bef0382 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs This shape matches one from the first image
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 2e375369-816b-4ca5-80fb-933c8277369c · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs 29 Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV2: Building Memory
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 8d982205-e337-4b7f-b03d-c1d00c08ae26 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 52cf61bf-4980-4efe-a371-d806ea559aee · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 646f5c19-c0c1-44af-8847-fbb775f684cf · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 4a2ae427-bf4c-4077-9348-9817fdb880e7 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e6bba02e-61bd-4a4e-8d9f-dc335bc8f70d · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV3: Map Memory
Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0c9c45b9-7219-4c5b-90bd-de5ee8dfa5ba · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 24e29642-b9c2-4506-aa0d-b64d605b008d · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 72
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5b94eb6c-0add-4ddd-b5f9-66a803fb108d · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 73
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 820dd1ba-db4c-46f5-a7aa-c78c69621163 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 74
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 4e51caeb-9184-450d-915c-2b7ea2dae0fe · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to P3: Identical Pictures Test
Reference 75
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 09eaf1a8-2079-479f-a7f1-8aecb386ab83 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 76
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 1a7cce5d-563e-44cd-9bae-34c5a470a910 · outbound
Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
Reference 77
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Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
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Reference 92
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Reference 93
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Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
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Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
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Reference 99
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Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work
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Reference 55
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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