Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 138 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.16435.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.16435 v4

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 138 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z

measured 105 of 105 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:45.930805Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-07-02T19:07:17.447586Z

Reference resolution

100 of 138 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy29
  • unresolved69
  • parse uncertain1
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation dcae5bf4-5805-47b8-b3ee-72817a974e71 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 1

Resolution
malformed identifier
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:25.617440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:64e225cf06afe066c17b24a2e3072387b456e036eaf6af51b7fdd2897cfcb9c4

Observation 6c4f1968-3fa7-41f2-8a19-259b155a6109 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.747322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:e2e31419cf4339a72226d8b91cc960336bb6185085e5e5e2e2e2f9f902719274

Observation 2a733dce-8010-4c1d-a0e6-1ae533b4635f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.737013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:72af92d3322b23a161a268727b1cc8235d9c742beca907f0bfeb00a4931d264a

Observation 28a7c56a-5ed9-404c-a1a9-d55a5084fb38 · outbound

This paper cites TRUE” if it shows the rela- tionships for the three groups, “FALSE.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if it shows the rela- tionships for the three groups, “FALSE

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.723548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:9e3973c6b2d61603b1018fab6185388484dc4d2160d94336f6afd6a9eb84bb7c

Observation ba272068-0abb-4fb0-acd8-5c0349f740c2 · outbound

This paper cites Every face shows a different letter, number, or symbol.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Every face shows a different letter, number, or symbol

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.710271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:c6324bdd16d844e5488ded45aa63ea3fcf36685d46c4d891a84f450efbb7db28

Observation f5da6c44-6cdb-4a48-984f-cb14456ea6f3 · outbound

This paper cites TRUE” or “FALSE.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” or “FALSE

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.696923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:a9dd303470beea64003de4f29bf23c635131dbded616c494ff4ae847d1dd1844

Observation 316b6503-f213-48cd-9cc3-ec781bad5bd0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.687379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:65221ca8e1e94009bbe65902363232f60de8eccf64251a655b4e943acd2c79ed

Observation 54af9512-ec89-430d-b358-fb4b4c4668a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.674278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:0fbc104fb8f42b85b6ccca409dc650755d6bcbda97df5c0f22bf11d6f9db6d33

Observation f5d1990d-f03a-4108-a905-2c7dc3ae04a7 · outbound

This paper cites Task: For box E, decide if there is one continuous line that.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Task: For box E, decide if there is one continuous line that

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.659606Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:5ba6286742f7183aef8476879510c76f4a47e945d1172e70144b5ef08efa257a

Observation 0a7cdffc-d3ba-4ca0-ac5c-d3cc1ff5616c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.356191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:2aab5d0339c8731e1ad4357533cd8cf1115ee4404ae8170c2db2a357de439ece

Observation 8e7e5079-f341-4406-80b8-f61c2c394b1e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.825074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:0740550c3ff716dce572f3ed2c4e7bba24e295a05ae48f3fcc7cfe9d13cd5644

Observation a421a0ff-bb28-49b4-9883-1f2ac7b01762 · outbound

This paper cites TRUE” if box E meets all the rules, “FALSE.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if box E meets all the rules, “FALSE

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.334120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:a4773d407fbc1ae0017e51ae2774a25535b66903291f7ee5e36673238fb2f554

Observation d4bb6c25-989c-4896-a778-17d889dee46a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.330548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:11ef73d69978a4123db5b60f7c65ca5d5e91264279063e51a704a2b066302743

Observation 1c955432-7196-4744-a0b9-66b89767d8a4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.822365Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:e40824f118d242d855fe17dfda63667b5fe450779682dee71a236f02793959e1

Observation 73bf0136-67e8-48ab-8901-38fa4609e895 · outbound

This paper cites Task: Find the shortest street route from F to T.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Task: Find the shortest street route from F to T

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.816816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:7a23505df154262752b3cf2d0dfd931f187da09cbe219e8583a7e2081f5c62e2

Observation f86999a5-a769-465a-a1a2-14f82767f4b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.813902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:5f12504361d6a08d9f1b1e14951bd9543f1f281a08b323220eba17e5703a7a54

Observation 7797e4e5-d89f-4eb8-934b-e5e19e294436 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.811707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:47675e2d19c6d701f53b4e46691b581106e745bf695d4cf10fb06aeddbe24d62

Observation 7cf5286f-7f3b-4dfb-84e8-bc4e3b5bec91 · outbound

This paper cites The ability to manipulate or transform the im- age of spatial patterns into other arrangements.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs The ability to manipulate or transform the im- age of spatial patterns into other arrangements

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.805610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:8249175ee51d16932d590b78919befab7984087fb9bb7008abfc54e9f3608703

Observation 834dd47a-36de-4fcb-8aea-cbed33537781 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.802194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:44955fdfbc493d11175145b0dd78f4e07cc999231eccdbdc98c16f33d20c3f34

Observation 6e5fc2be-1c2f-489f-b1a8-eb8427f6c26f · outbound

This paper cites TRUE” if it is or “FALSE.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if it is or “FALSE

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.799099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:0c766ca5f3430ae5c40307e6ffeb15881aa5fb277618aea290256a25a1ee5c1c

Observation 4712849f-095c-45b2-8a29-1b45267d76f7 · outbound

This paper cites Do not flip or rotate the paper except for the folds shown.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Do not flip or rotate the paper except for the folds shown

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.795914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:545c8115291a1adb2fe43d722769b311f2b4d73cfe87674ebe7cbbd07970b830

Observation e7d7a7d6-2f88-4131-8479-8463452cd298 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.792729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:ad0922cdeb02d173f7b82a6bf8558aeb125fc71e65dd9fd6b3f8047b950da9ce

Observation 992da900-bc3d-4932-87a5-46ddd0fe4922 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.789515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:cf71cc747c8eb7c61734bea335994d2ad9cdf5f7809e05161b7bd8b5b8a12bed

Observation 15481346-0a90-411c-91a7-642a1b4be87e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.786755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:fa5cbbd5821ccb6e0ffc5232c4ea5846b9910555a65340979d2a109eaafc25e1

Observation 7a349d6a-4f1b-42c4-ae5a-1dbd37ee2251 · outbound

This paper cites TRUE” if every hole (num- ber and position) in the second image matches your mental result exactly, otherwise “FALSE.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs TRUE” if every hole (num- ber and position) in the second image matches your mental result exactly, otherwise “FALSE

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.780920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:c3707f9517c2fef98403cbb06b0816ca5bf0e737740082af0227dd1d74670e59

Observation 7c7e569f-3c01-47c0-92cc-bf6f40fa5dd1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.777938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:2fe1ca5d9777bbd1a5bc76e5cbfdd915a7c09c01404756f7ef074982078ab2d3

Observation a380d7aa-b5c1-4398-a0f1-e3d982936a59 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.768827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:a11c4287500dcd3b14c141502bc5478de52453114ac11dec8ccc292431848734

Observation 04574be3-c681-47b7-9b4e-ccc957401b07 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.765466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:866e9c4e537ebaf2e9c8c1c1d6d82a1a5031d8239981f8a58f6475746ce1f18c

Observation 61165cc4-a912-4612-9c29-b72a4ef14bae · outbound

This paper cites If no match is found after scanning the entire larger image, output ‘”answer”: ”FALSE”‘.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs If no match is found after scanning the entire larger image, output ‘”answer”: ”FALSE”‘

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.762469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:5aacaf97bde9454ed84b3d9ee4d6c0d31e6eadf3a7198546d9f49c60facaabbe

Observation 040a171b-adbb-4eb1-9d4b-868bd0b99c18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.756052Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:b4ef3fd32e5dfacb42dd14973c3bcd9b7e46193ca85e08b90850cad27f76d321

Observation 2a681d07-684e-48e8-a898-28840ae68d26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.753244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:c0b838f2c41241a1697b814783c9bc1a7e001b3277bcb32623994202f7786bf5

Observation 220fc2b6-8855-4519-a966-1ed0209bac87 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.750294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:357997bc82219e751b31a4bd339cd0c0b98be5b454a48085164fc8095b2868b6

Observation 22e6e768-e8f9-4a74-bf08-8cb84d08e44b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.743818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:8a11b5b1cd5684691fcd414c9743e82ab3df2869e639d80be7a8faf8cff8e5d3

Observation de8fae0b-a151-4b67-a4c1-61e3f01ab257 · outbound

This paper cites Otherwise, return ‘”answer”: ”FALSE”‘.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Otherwise, return ‘”answer”: ”FALSE”‘

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.740580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:11e0f0890d9587eb086152fa8b71304b7b547df8057ab8d6e9c4e9bb6f878f2b

Observation 96346e84-78a7-4e21-a185-a211adb76517 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.730788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:10b996a0c33150cc7bf95ce6d96681a0d1516fb792ae7566c0903b7d54abeb54

Observation 82532aa5-031b-44a3-8ca8-6965b9cc5148 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.727593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:4798978e3856af9b15503f27ec4efe209fa47fff9081f61db373c0f4d0441ea0

Observation 233e0aa8-38f4-4f5c-8301-588e47e602fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.716438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:8f6f64a698ed73c46d1831ff61cccd0384e3cd86627d16d0d78ca28a47f77cc9

Observation 4810b07a-e599-4613-ba38-80af6fb9cdf2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.713390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:cef67e77b4e8efc2fa07a6020796796f983cca436985632c62460589823c9090

Observation 32caeff6-b731-4630-8c55-2b14403d790c · outbound

This paper cites Solution to CS1: Gestalt Completion Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to CS1: Gestalt Completion Test

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.703218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:d6ef135f4300dd19224618fcddee81f70554fb845353fe08adb68a17febe880e

Observation 6a19e9d4-d897-4c3e-8077-f07109e22362 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.699589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:7465aea9f55a8a68f7592a7270b1ec9c27249228d13091f86d9cdc88722e758a

Observation 690a992b-8091-4f99-94a6-557803f36874 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.693611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:252efec31c9fe590ffd6b7b3a8069fd6edd9f4ddb10b3b7fb432ee2b93da6ade

Observation 6d3e3782-0baf-4782-952d-335a5489a1b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.690336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:d66bac92a2cad7e916b95a694f1573104e55aa01b2a5deb9b4d4908e49c27e9e

Observation e6bcd3b3-00d9-457e-a3c0-71c40a663801 · outbound

This paper cites Solution to CS2: Concealed Words Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to CS2: Concealed Words Test

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.684447Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:cd6570c09baf638c02f0a048108ee3c9201fd2912bbd676ac40aa0cbd0855054

Observation 52b52b1c-48e0-40ae-a9e4-afdddd356617 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.677803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:242180b81ed5da5c35e835248d8937be61177f36e4d8214de88bedea9f77b04b

Observation c86e6cfa-8ee0-4740-b560-5f9a6800d383 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.670979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:9fc310a6665a548df0442214ba12d51968201d55cc994352d6ee899271a9e030

Observation c7fff1ac-95b7-44a9-bce7-91fcc51d2b57 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.663567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:317768530a6b259e325d1e06f2c255719d5692cf439b45acfd98ebf77836dc67

Observation 0832c479-e345-4830-ac39-4e63494a8713 · outbound

This paper cites Solution to CS3: Snowy Pictures.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to CS3: Snowy Pictures

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.655548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:ab8e5710d3709eef61feea118cc765d6bdf537d92bdb34c7c249b26723031020

Observation ac477772-bdc7-4f0a-addc-3873f1eeac78 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.650386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:74d5484dce29d50b2f1946875349bb9114be4f512f25e8a4cba619ff75d6e7cc

Observation f6f29b32-1d57-45f6-938a-d76c176df210 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.642850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:a044bd0f9f00dd73a683af11ce278cf7807761db942f096f033d065c4855175d

Observation cf84785b-78a5-437c-ba51-794f399b845b · outbound

This paper cites Solution to I3: Figure Classification.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to I3: Figure Classification

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.639826Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:c97a5678717240129a3de34f3deacdb77651cb55ba0e8245f492b354f11f9db8

Observation 2fce2a3b-4083-498e-a533-265e24b2bdf8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.636410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:21964face7592f11f22a6e372e1993c20a3290e3fa46d247d90c1e0f11a65c09

Observation b0054063-e0dd-4827-876a-1a8af7d8f04e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.633116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:89b3229888c566389d4378959cb9323ffa06089f372788fe8d3055217e232f43

Observation fad65299-3764-43a9-b43c-9aef3d23dfa5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.629769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:2bb6f678f0c395d6976f9b73ed759b85fca888017bc7876daccb4ced7edd9dbb

Observation 5757b1a3-37b8-4140-a03c-f8497b66241b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.626472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:1181f2c902f226e232d9ed1bda918e4ebe88c8eb35c1e3a75c8d418cdedb4506

Observation 29b0b643-aaad-4af0-8542-80ccb3863b8b · outbound

This paper cites Solution to MA1: Picture-Number Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MA1: Picture-Number Test

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.667241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:62fef46a9d8ca4353d771a8642a71c71c774d36b4532020dd7cfed1d451e0e75

Observation ad70772a-2412-48ec-9733-1475ea362901 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.622717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:1cdb15e7ded363287349d17f38e9a6c374df1af91c2c00977bf7f09a94cc12ba

Observation a477854a-89ef-4ee1-b363-fb06b8a59165 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.619868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:bb0a256dd9b9ba54e6dee98956d361c23507ec2fd3d30a57409eb592d6041ef3

Observation 80efd12a-af7a-4137-876c-a26079d88424 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.616615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:6772ad710e53e2d1fcd05f5ef9418cf5a37109248fb74da9c4c11a5ae8707d51

Observation 86b28a12-5098-421a-b322-a52495098d77 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.681175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:770aba7a5550f7a2f85084428cf8543caf806de3b60d6ef1bbc9fb6fc48ef700

Observation 57761c1c-a3fb-4f6a-a57e-430ec72e6e8f · outbound

This paper cites Solution to MV1: Shape Memory Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV1: Shape Memory Test

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.612019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:2504bd819989731bc49b3e1ef5b4695cb4d36663b8282d255c06495f766b55e8

Observation 6210ef3a-0b82-4ced-86c2-f25bdf19e49e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.608675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:1f395ef7c5ebcc87cfd94a41dc59f02fffa356c83c8b162aef7238ed07196e25

Observation d3cf2703-4306-4854-8fba-aefac74d6a1f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.604404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:405dce85992b8f85df7d61efdf97ea3d5cbde342594a608f7ce76d72af3562f3

Observation cfcf440f-5cf8-4019-810b-d2679772e411 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.598058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:d16f17c7347a052c0cd1b1d672fc95065c21a5edb5ff8aa76c8365bcf8bca181

Observation 5290eeb0-5d71-4edb-b053-72837bef0382 · outbound

This paper cites This shape matches one from the first image.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs This shape matches one from the first image

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.594091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:7d3d27fbe83507578a8199958af2f46ca32361b37101fff27a5b64ce7a3e304e

Observation 2e375369-816b-4ca5-80fb-933c8277369c · outbound

This paper cites 29 Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV2: Building Memory.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs 29 Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV2: Building Memory

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.589664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:9a8ad5cf9fe2488f119d71d84acb6cbe2196a50d66b541157b7793f48f56be0d

Observation 8d982205-e337-4b7f-b03d-c1d00c08ae26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.584668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:1f8ada96276832c1f8b1231b8c3387dd08515ea8cb2c1cca70bc76b601a19e1e

Observation 52cf61bf-4980-4efe-a371-d806ea559aee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 67

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.706285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:fab0414b2215b1bc203d838210f04254a5c33fae8bd77b6e05142098a9634f19

Observation 646f5c19-c0c1-44af-8847-fbb775f684cf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.580558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:9d7b7bd82804e5efb4e32d97206eabd1f54aea9245864923977388984ffb14f3

Observation 4a2ae427-bf4c-4077-9348-9817fdb880e7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 69

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.774946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:11dbb85b3d31fcb6d74f676911020ddd20657b7c2e873ff38c9f7b27c8f88d78

Observation e6bba02e-61bd-4a4e-8d9f-dc335bc8f70d · outbound

This paper cites Solution to MV3: Map Memory.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to MV3: Map Memory

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.575132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:bfc715e6ecee085bba3f5db81b059b327f0f7b0ca6a79d18b9d631cc9a807a51

Observation 0c9c45b9-7219-4c5b-90bd-de5ee8dfa5ba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 71

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.571215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:dbafe0ffa697d040bc8fee301218c1e4b8304491ecf147f23df8cc677e1bd43b

Observation 24e29642-b9c2-4506-aa0d-b64d605b008d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.719822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:f450955394cd758e021109ce8162f4aa24b9730929401daad28556f40279ba3b

Observation 5b94eb6c-0add-4ddd-b5f9-66a803fb108d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.565741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:71a478604f8c950472dc06f5c5d8b5ed20a28e61309e0350d766cac597824f54

Observation 820dd1ba-db4c-46f5-a7aa-c78c69621163 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 74

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.545670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:9a58b692fb0b02ebfaef39a1238074d84cc2d894ce0a0c88ed91ca5a5c2d9578

Observation 4e51caeb-9184-450d-915c-2b7ea2dae0fe · outbound

This paper cites Solution to P3: Identical Pictures Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to P3: Identical Pictures Test

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.541654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:165fe404f2696255dc8773f2aca80f63360289860e064899e3bfdd0fd97f3ad2

Observation 09eaf1a8-2079-479f-a7f1-8aecb386ab83 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 76

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.733834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:04b81eb3927e7d3578f6695bc6c268cafcf4721a4dd161fb98b0061ddc55804f

Observation 1a7cce5d-563e-44cd-9bae-34c5a470a910 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 77

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.538525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:e1c6730310297c36c6815ccd89cbd761dc7b94d7c9b801f7224790d304c499d7

Observation ad13cb93-a4c7-4ad8-918b-bb0f1323d0f5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 78

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.535564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:4ea3326198f5c8ca1698602f1f8262ecf3af39792a24810888da64c57677746a

Observation 3b480acd-0902-4b68-9ab2-c688fafbbc7e · outbound

This paper cites Solution to RL2: Diagramming Relationships.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to RL2: Diagramming Relationships

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.532442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:ce5aa9a627eff14e250ad2b8079a2746719f8a87a334115384e1365e0e7f15a3

Observation f80296c9-1753-4df2-a1b3-f8a8fdb50016 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 80

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.529325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:157a2d74ee475e32dc52e95568b8696017a237cf7342d512b930b00c614cc11c

Observation 19880869-8b1f-4210-a548-16ce17ace1b3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 81

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.526159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:8f3dff6450be82a4006b13597b9899524beeecd15a07d21820738c665a327ba1

Observation f5b6b985-3dbc-448d-b2f4-629ffe71ee48 · outbound

This paper cites - Partial overlap→some shared elements.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs - Partial overlap→some shared elements

Reference 82

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.523017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:3d10a67f34109d6e9d0add0a9c8ba6ecd524db1cc45feba1faa0a6ebc7085ca2

Observation a6ba53d3-d40a-4a8e-bc04-67cd92d1000b · outbound

This paper cites Solution to S1: Card Rotations Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to S1: Card Rotations Test

Reference 83

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.520409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:051613a1701bc399a7252cefe8912576f3fa1822fc01188a069574b0380c75f7

Observation 0ff09b90-5a2a-4c66-8ee5-3b3a83b20cb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.758912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:d2fa6d875c64888f08dc40ddf0a6977fffda1a04ee47c31a1998844c012c7426

Observation ecf5c462-dd5f-4771-8149-3e1f28bf832b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 85

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.517010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:95d150c2ecc1b6fbf6583178d29d1486a7284d29cbebd0e72cd0b67c083e9cdf

Observation 58770613-bcc4-48dd-accf-7a6f1d0a2563 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 86

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.514268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:22298f23e42a28510c8f06993db9679b0ac60637679758a37004b4965983a9a9

Observation 4c2632cb-4ad9-4316-ac03-45fa99ef77b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.511268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:8275e950cc164c959ae6cd505bb2ffb07266218f2896952fa8b1a6aba80b7bc7

Observation 2c9c9ac8-b435-46a7-aa1e-63ba6c815bfe · outbound

This paper cites Solution to S2: Cube Comparisons Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to S2: Cube Comparisons Test

Reference 88

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.771813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:5ff6a5a4261aeafb5812647b90ded4d734da6818c5e90966d254b21ef8ad98ad

Observation 4d34b9d0-8d14-4fb4-a2d6-45b9f733d348 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 89

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.507680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:64aa98e0788f66ae41066388da5beb695a64d9691d8aaf2387b71e5bffd8563e

Observation bfa4acc9-a11a-4671-b474-f5d8f1e4e627 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 90

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.504514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:18524961b7d4b480d92eae1aa4435941d86c0e6520d37278547df4d46a3458b0

Observation 0432ea3e-364a-4af9-9c77-8a6cc04ae9d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 91

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.501114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:7ab011c97d6384e0eebda2f335ec8564687ec9fd2835319ee8b3956443d9cf3b

Observation fd18c47d-42e0-4458-9344-174984918d2f · outbound

This paper cites But if the statement implies a repeat **on the same cube**, and that symbol is already visible, then it’s **FALSE**.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs But if the statement implies a repeat **on the same cube**, and that symbol is already visible, then it’s **FALSE**

Reference 92

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.783765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:ac11daa5974648728cf847ef80acb3122988bc4e84ba59486ffe6d24137175d0

Observation 6e41b224-ee85-408b-9118-1a5394873d71 · outbound

This paper cites Solution to SS2: Choosing A Path.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to SS2: Choosing A Path

Reference 93

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.498072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:0e0aa86f0951ce67cfc365560814888994efd310730fbcf3556897c7828ac56c

Observation a259e5bf-5423-4953-b94e-69777aaf689b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 94

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.494631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:6e49e5b38df4e21f1760aab2c9924e2e50b39cfe263dd93eb2c542753cf8a131

Observation 539fa667-2fab-4ccb-ac32-d479d9985652 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 95

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.491416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:b58ab95fd26ea5a76818cd478eef2bac3b57a7870cbd5ac640cb387efbdefb29

Observation a5211fcb-1953-41ad-9530-2fb99c7a1b5e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 96

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.488175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:d25e80a3dee58f71cae6996e8b4882880ed0fae50a236e26e4a52e6f3ca6a9c1

Observation 85abf12e-e69c-4030-a293-d3380e6c93f1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 97

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.484850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:b72cc9232cf943db27b2629724681cabca07a28c7c08c7474998205bc1e2d2fc

Observation a96e5bf7-1285-474e-a540-e3effbfef3c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 98

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.481011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:09d185ca1f82a42a906c21365f3496800208db4fdcb79fdecf29674793ee39f4

Observation 373ad81d-df6c-42f7-9a8d-c2fbf67b2fd2 · outbound

This paper cites Solution to SS3: Map Planning Test.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Solution to SS3: Map Planning Test

Reference 99

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.477162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:71c14239c9732c116a1f99986bcb6c7beecbef00f1cfe19156f3e3cd961614fc

Observation c4e3a77f-3365-41af-82da-7f752fc70898 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 100

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-23T02:37:26.808840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T02:35:58.853860Z digest=sha256:b7dce36947323ec4c06f155b6d20913ea008916362bb52e5ec1318ef5d550019

Pith citing papers

Observation ddb0f8d9-ba86-4eaa-bdb9-be3a7b772af0 · inbound

VF-Eval: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs for Generating Feedback on AIGC Videos cites this paper.

VF-Eval: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs for Generating Feedback on AIGC Videos Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:45:45.930805Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T12:45:45.930805Z digest=sha256:33e4c285287a753e3ffb1d21dd1feb5e37e4e0c75dc2aac714a05bc1b351e501

Observation c88838b7-05a8-483a-905d-270e293c925a · inbound

MentisOculi: Revealing the Limits of Reasoning with Mental Imagery cites this paper.

MentisOculi: Revealing the Limits of Reasoning with Mental Imagery Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T05:23:33.202250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-03T05:23:33.202250Z digest=sha256:2570a0ef1dbfbcc7c0e50384d6b4b97732bf3f9ffa66fb6b41213ffe3798352b

Observation 2d0decc7-990b-4482-81bf-ce5fa5fe1935 · inbound

StemBind: When MLLMs Get Lost Between Rules and Instances in Abstract Visual Reasoning cites this paper.

StemBind: When MLLMs Get Lost Between Rules and Instances in Abstract Visual Reasoning Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs

Reference 22

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T00:12:50.319784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-28T23:15:56.598968Z digest=sha256:0e71ef6856c190ff774195953aff661d193431bf18af6811de2eca298089da96

Observation 58be555c-71f4-4002-9259-6952f8857e5f · inbound

Seed2.0 Model Card: Towards Intelligence Frontier for Real-World Complexity cites this paper.

Seed2.0 Model Card: Towards Intelligence Frontier for Real-World Complexity Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs

Reference 55

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-02T19:07:17.448733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-02T18:57:46.841456Z digest=sha256:8f017b80c9263caff30fc23150af4baaa09a3a6a2c762626569a55ab4d29811c

Observation d28ecc56-8a77-4b8a-bc6e-26f725367fa4 · inbound

PerceptionBench: Evaluating Atomic Visual Perception in Multimodal Large Language Models cites this paper.

PerceptionBench: Evaluating Atomic Visual Perception in Multimodal Large Language Models Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T05:01:28.735215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-07-31T05:01:28.735215Z digest=sha256:832effb98e636ab7e4a0b9518b370ea1855d2ebc3face35debee42b5100c6a1f