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Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cluster Abundances, Weak Lensing, and Galaxy Clustering

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arxiv 2503.13632 v1 pith:EZCEEJIP submitted 2025-03-17 astro-ph.CO

Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cluster Abundances, Weak Lensing, and Galaxy Clustering

DES Collaboration: T. M. C. Abbott , M. Aguena , A. Alarcon , D. Anbajagane , F. Andrade-Oliveira , S. Avila , D. Bacon , M. R. Becker
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S. Bhargava J. Blazek S. Bocquet D. Brooks A. Carnero Rosell J. Carretero F. J. Castander C. Chang A. Choi C. Conselice M. Costanzi M. Crocce L. N. da Costa M. E. S. Pereira T. M. Davis S. Desai H. T. Diehl S. Dodelson P. Doel J. Elvin-Poole J. Esteves S. Everett A. Farahi A. Fert\'e B. Flaugher J. Garc\'ia-Bellido M. Gatti G. Giannini P. Giles S. Grandis D. Gruen R. A. Gruendl G. Gutierrez I. Harrison S. R. Hinton D. L. Hollowood K. Honscheid N. Jeffrey T. Jeltema E. Krause O. Lahav S. Lee C. Lidman M. Lima H. Lin J. J. Mohr J. L. Marshall J. McCullough J. Mena-Fern R. Miquel J. Muir J. Myles R. L. C. Ogando A. Palmese M. Paterno A. A. Plazas Malag\'on A. Porredon J. Prat A. K. Romer A. Roodman E. Rozo E. S. Rykoff E. Sanchez D. Sanchez Cid I. Sevilla-Noarbe M. Smith E. Suchyta G. Tarle D. Thomas Chun-Hao To M. A. Troxel V. Vikram A. R. Walker David H. Weinberg N. Weaverdyck R. H. Wechsler J. Weller H.-Y. Wu M. Yamamoto B. Yanny Y. Zhang C. Zhou
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classification astro-ph.CO
keywords constraintsx2ptclusterscosmologicalgalaxylambdaclustermodel
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Galaxy clusters provide a unique probe of the late-time cosmic structure and serve as a powerful independent test of the $\Lambda$CDM model. This work presents the first set of cosmological constraints derived with ~16,000 optically selected redMaPPer clusters across nearly 5,000 $\rm{deg}^2$ using DES Year 3 data sets. Our analysis leverages a consistent modeling framework for galaxy cluster cosmology and DES-Y3 joint analyses of galaxy clustering and weak lensing (3x2pt), ensuring direct comparability with the DES-Y3 3x2pt analysis. We obtain constraints of $S_8 = 0.864 \pm 0.035$ and $\Omega_{\rm{m}} = 0.265^{+0.019}_{-0.031}$ from the cluster-based data vector. We find that cluster constraints and 3x2pt constraints are consistent under the $\Lambda$CDM model with a Posterior Predictive Distribution (PPD) value of $0.53$. The consistency between clusters and 3x2pt provides a stringent test of $\Lambda$CDM across different mass and spatial scales. Jointly analyzing clusters with 3x2pt further improves cosmological constraints, yielding $S_8 = 0.811^{+0.022}_{-0.020}$ and $\Omega_{\rm{m}} = 0.294^{+0.022}_{-0.033}$, a $24\%$ improvement in the $\Omega_{\rm{m}}-S_8$ figure-of-merit over 3x2pt alone. Moreover, we find no significant deviation from the Planck CMB constraints with a probability to exceed (PTE) value of $0.6$, significantly reducing previous $S_8$ tension claims. Finally, combining DES 3x2pt, DES clusters, and Planck CMB places an upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses of $\sum m_\nu < 0.26$ eV at 95% confidence under the $\Lambda$CDM model. These results establish optically selected clusters as a key cosmological probe and pave the way for cluster-based analyses in upcoming Stage-IV surveys such as LSST, Euclid, and Roman.

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