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Detectability of gravitational atoms in black hole binaries with the Einstein Telescope

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arxiv 2503.23419 v3 pith:6VGYU2E2 submitted 2025-03-30 gr-qc astro-ph.HE

Detectability of gravitational atoms in black hole binaries with the Einstein Telescope

classification gr-qc astro-ph.HE
keywords gravitationaldetectabilityatomsbinariesbinaryblackbosonicclouds
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Rotating black holes can amplify ultralight bosonic fields through superradiance, forming macroscopic clouds known as gravitational atoms. When the cloud forms around one of the components of a binary system, it can undergo a series of distinctive interactions, comprising both secular effects, such as dynamical friction or accretion, and resonant behaviour. These processes are expected to leave a distinctive signature on the gravitational waveform emitted by the binary, whose detectability we investigate in this paper. To do so, we implement a numerical code that integrates these effects, computed within a Newtonian approximation, for intermediate-to-high mass-ratio binaries on circular equatorial orbits. Realistic waveforms incorporating these environmental influences are generated and analyzed using the Fisher matrix formalism to evaluate the detectability of bosonic clouds with current and next-generation ground-based gravitational wave observatories. Our results demonstrate the potential for gravitational wave astronomy to probe the existence and properties of ultralight bosons.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Finite Coherence in Gravitational Waves from Tidally Excited Axion Clouds

    gr-qc 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    Gravitational-wave radiation from tidally driven Bohr crossings of black-hole axion clouds is controlled by outgoing two-level coherence, finite only for intermediate Landau-Zener sweep rates.

  2. Relativistic effects in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals within scalar clouds: Eccentric and inclined orbits

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Extends relativistic EMRI calculations in scalar clouds from circular-equatorial to eccentric and inclined orbits around Schwarzschild black holes, revealing apsidal-precession resonances and inclination-dependent net...

  3. Gravitational superfluorescence from superradiant axion clouds

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Superradiant axion clouds around black holes can undergo gravitational superfluorescence via a seeded coherent quadrupolar transition, leading to a detectable delayed gravitational-wave pulse.

  4. Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA

    gr-qc 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative ...

  5. Finite Coherence in Gravitational Waves from Tidally Excited Axion Clouds

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Finite coherence during tidal Bohr crossings in axion clouds produces distinct, localized gravitational-wave waveforms and orbital responses in black-hole binaries.