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Polarimetry imprints of exotic compact objects: solitonic boson stars
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 3 Apr 2025
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Our results emphasize the suitability of polarimetry as a framework to test the nature of supermassive compact objects with future observations, especially at high inclination.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
In this work we analyze the polarization observational properties of solitonic boson stars orbited by spherical hot-spots emitting synchrotron radiation from a thermal distribution of electrons. We consider three boson star configurations with different compacticities ranging from a dilute model with a large radius to an ultra-compact model capable of holding null bound orbits. We observe that the polarimetric imprints of the primary images for all models are comparable to those of the Schwarzschild spacetime, and thus any potentially distinguishable differences must arise from the additional structure of secondary and plunge-through images. For low inclination ($20^\circ$) observations we find that the two QU-loops of the least compact model are in contradiction with the current ALMA and GRAVITY observations and effectively excludes the possibility of Sgr A* being a dilute solitonic boson star. For high inclination ($80^\circ$) observations, both the Electric Vector Position Angle (EVPA) and the QU-loops present large qualitative deviations from the Schwarzschild black-hole for all models analyzed. Our results emphasize the suitability of polarimetry as a framework to test the nature of supermassive compact objects with future observations, especially at high inclination.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In this work we analyze the polarization observational properties of solitonic boson stars orbited by spherical hot-spots emitting synchrotron radiation from a thermal distribution of electrons. | contribution 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.03 | asserted 0.69 |
| s1 | We consider three boson star configurations with different compacticities ranging from a dilute model with a large radius to an ultra-compact model capable of holding null bound orbits. | method 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.03 | asserted 0.92 |
| s2 | We observe that the polarimetric imprints of the primary images for all models are comparable to those of the Schwarzschild spacetime, and thus any potentially distinguishable differences must arise from the additional structure of secondary and plunge-through images. | result 0.68 | 0.90 | 0.14 | asserted 0.97 |
| s3 | For low inclination ($20^\circ$) observations we find that the two QU-loops of the least compact model are in contradiction with the current ALMA and GRAVITY observations and effectively excludes the possibility of Sgr A* being a dilute solitonic boson star. | result 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.15 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | For high inclination ($80^\circ$) observations, both the Electric Vector Position Angle (EVPA) and the QU-loops present large qualitative deviations from the Schwarzschild black-hole for all models analyzed. | result 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Our results emphasize the suitability of polarimetry as a framework to test the nature of supermassive compact objects with future observations, especially at high inclination. | interpretation 0.92 | 0.53 | 0.78 | asserted 0.75 |
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The paper
Original abstract
In this work we analyze the polarization observational properties of solitonic boson stars orbited by spherical hot-spots emitting synchrotron radiation from a thermal distribution of electrons. We consider three boson star configurations with different compacticities ranging from a dilute model with a large radius to an ultra-compact model capable of holding null bound orbits. We observe that the polarimetric imprints of the primary images for all models are comparable to those of the Schwarzschild spacetime, and thus any potentially distinguishable differences must arise from the additional structure of secondary and plunge-through images. For low inclination ($20^\circ$) observations we find that the two QU-loops of the least compact model are in contradiction with the current ALMA and GRAVITY observations and effectively excludes the possibility of Sgr A* being a dilute solitonic boson star. For high inclination ($80^\circ$) observations, both the Electric Vector Position Angle (EVPA) and the QU-loops present large qualitative deviations from the Schwarzschild black-hole for all models analyzed. Our results emphasize the suitability of polarimetry as a framework to test the nature of supermassive compact objects with future observations, especially at high inclination.
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How the literature uses it
4 arXiv papers cite this in 8 sentences
What it cites · 31 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 2 papers
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To analyze the polarimetric signatures of the boson star configurations introduced above, we recur to the ray-tracing software GYOTO [ref] .
GYOTO 2.0: a polarized relativistic ray-tracing code · Polarimetric observables · 1.00
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To analyze the polarimetric signatures of the boson star configurations introduced above, we recur to the ray-tracing software GYOTO [ref] .
GYOTO: a new general relativistic ray-tracing code · Polarimetric observables · 1.00
Uses data or values from 2 papers
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These solutions are summarized in Table [ref] (see also Refs. [ref] for additional details).
Imaging compact boson stars with hot-spots and thin accretion disks · Theory and framework · 0.92
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These solutions are summarized in Table [ref] (see also Refs. [ref] for additional details).
Accretion disks and relativistic line broadening in boson star spacetimes · Theory and framework · 0.92
Cites as background 7 papers
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The term "boson star" is versatile and it encompasses a wide variety of families of models composed of different fundamental fields with different interaction potentials [ref] , each with their own observational implications in, e.g. X-ray spectroscopy [ref] , dark matter models [ref] , and gravitational waves [ref] .
Proca Stars: gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates of massive spin 1 particles · Introduction · 0.92
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The term "boson star" is versatile and it encompasses a wide variety of families of models composed of different fundamental fields with different interaction potentials [ref] , each with their own observational implications in, e.g. X-ray spectroscopy [ref] , dark matter models [ref] , and gravitational waves [ref] .
Iron K$\alpha$ line of boson stars · Introduction · 0.92
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The term "boson star" is versatile and it encompasses a wide variety of families of models composed of different fundamental fields with different interaction potentials [ref] , each with their own observational implications in, e.g. X-ray spectroscopy [ref] , dark matter models [ref] , and gravitational waves [ref] .
Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter · Introduction · 0.92
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