Anomalous Hall Effect in Type IV 2D Collinear Magnets

We identify a previously unrecognized class of two-dimensional (2D) collinear magnetic phase that extends beyond the established categories of ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, and altermagnets. These type IV 2D collinear magnets exhibit spin-degenerate bands in the nonrelativistic limit, yet support time-reversal symmetry-breaking responses, such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), despite having zero net magnetization. Based on spin layer group analysis, we derive the symmetry criteria for this phase and perform first-principles calculations to screen viable candidate materials from 2D databases. Using monolayer Hf2S as a prototype, we demonstrate that in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the bands are spin degenerate, while its inclusion induce an AHE driven by spin-polarized and even spin-neutral currents, accompanied by a symmetry-protected, truly full-space persistent spin texture. These findings expand the classification of magnetic phases and broaden avenues for realizing unconventional spintronic functionalities in two dimensions.