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A Short Survey on Small Reasoning Models: Training, Inference, Applications and Research Directions

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arxiv 2504.09100 v1 pith:QYMW4CDQ submitted 2025-04-12 cs.AI cs.CL

classification cs.AIcs.CL
keywords reasoningsrmslrmsmodelsapplicationscapabilitiesdirectionsefficiency
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Recently, the reasoning capabilities of large reasoning models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1, have seen significant advancements through the slow thinking process. Despite these achievements, the substantial computational demands of LRMs present considerable challenges. In contrast, small reasoning models (SRMs), often distilled from larger ones, offer greater efficiency and can exhibit distinct capabilities and cognitive trajectories compared to LRMs. This work surveys around 170 recently published papers on SRMs for tackling various complex reasoning tasks. We review the current landscape of SRMs and analyze diverse training and inference techniques related to SRMs. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of SRMs for domain-specific applications and discuss possible future research directions. This survey serves as an essential reference for researchers to leverage or develop SRMs for advanced reasoning functionalities with high efficiency.

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  1. Even Small Reasoners Should Quote Their Sources: Introducing the Pleias-RAG Model Family

    cs.CL 2025-04 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Two mid-trained small language models (350M and 1B) are claimed to achieve state-of-the-art RAG accuracy in their size class while generating native literal-quote citations.

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