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On the Depth of Monotone ReLU Neural Networks and ICNNs

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arxiv 2505.06169 v1 pith:3RAFHSEX submitted 2025-05-09 cs.LG cs.DMcs.NEmath.CO

classification cs.LGcs.DMcs.NEmath.CO
keywords networksreludepthneuralicnnprovecannoticnns
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abstract

We study two models of ReLU neural networks: monotone networks (ReLU$^+$) and input convex neural networks (ICNN). Our focus is on expressivity, mostly in terms of depth, and we prove the following lower bounds. For the maximum function MAX$_n$ computing the maximum of $n$ real numbers, we show that ReLU$^+$ networks cannot compute MAX$_n$, or even approximate it. We prove a sharp $n$ lower bound on the ICNN depth complexity of MAX$_n$. We also prove depth separations between ReLU networks and ICNNs; for every $k$, there is a depth-2 ReLU network of size $O(k^2)$ that cannot be simulated by a depth-$k$ ICNN. The proofs are based on deep connections between neural networks and polyhedral geometry, and also use isoperimetric properties of triangulations.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Approximation Depth of Convex Polytopes

    math.MG 2025-07 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

    For every depth d below the exact depth of the n-simplex, every depth-d polytope misses the simplex by an empty-corner distance of exactly n+1-2^d.

  2. Tropical Circuits with Scalar Multiplication Gates

    cs.CC 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Scalar tropical circuits require 2^Ω(n) plus gates for the Birkhoff and directed spanning-tree polytopes, implying exponential mnnc vs polynomial nnc for directed spanning trees.

  3. A simplex-based measure of symmetry

    math.MG 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    A simplex-based symmetry ratio recovers Minkowski measure after affine invariance, improves its stability, characterizes simplices by outer additivity, and sharply bounds the ratio for low-depth polytopes.

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