Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 6 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.16315.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.16315 v2

Coverage vector

measured 37 of 37 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.875636Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 6 of 6 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:59:21.349196Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-28T18:02:27.343921Z

Reference resolution

37 of 37 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy2
unresolved35
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 40e6d876-0ad2-4beb-b3a2-8df8a1fb2637 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.757616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 631cc139-b023-4c6a-a28f-3a51a4978009 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.761100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34178338-ac09-4965-a898-58b989749e86 · outbound

This paper cites Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.764354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1ca278f-b4a3-4800-9fc7-c9e82256239e · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI o1 System Card.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning OpenAI o1 System Card

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.767625Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e7eda70-d865-4960-aff9-3c5b91c33ffd · outbound

This paper cites Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning, March 2025.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning, March 2025

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.770887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37006777-0af7-474e-86ff-e21f40abc57e · outbound

This paper cites Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.774554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86671df9-d6f7-4882-8d9b-8655307df6fc · outbound

This paper cites The impact of reasoning step length on large language models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning The impact of reasoning step length on large language models

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:59.383134Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d68ddd08-8b94-4d77-9574-c3e037422155 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.780961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7863a5f1-ea24-47b8-98a4-8484427ddce8 · outbound

This paper cites Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.783881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 559b1c77-b436-4690-a958-aeae34291c61 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling of Search and Learning: A Roadmap to Reproduce o1 from Reinforcement Learning Perspective.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Scaling of Search and Learning: A Roadmap to Reproduce o1 from Reinforcement Learning Perspective

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.787156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6fae705-f5e0-4880-98c2-a047458aa56d · outbound

This paper cites A survey of efficient reasoning for large reasoning models: Language, multimodality, and beyond.CoRR, abs/2503.21614, 2025.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning A survey of efficient reasoning for large reasoning models: Language, multimodality, and beyond.CoRR, abs/2503.21614, 2025

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.790732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 596edc00-34c3-4586-b19f-a24e477eb60b · outbound

This paper cites Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.793817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3d44e152-b91d-4e7a-8552-d4efc50cb707 · outbound

This paper cites Tokenskip: Controllable chain-of-thought compression in llms.arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.12067, 2025.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Tokenskip: Controllable chain-of-thought compression in llms.arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.12067, 2025

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.797874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b353b1f4-4872-485d-aac9-0b57be157502 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Training Elicits Concise Reasoning in Large Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Self-Training Elicits Concise Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.800947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e3d892d-cbc6-4b61-838f-cca9455213e3 · outbound

This paper cites Demystifying Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Demystifying Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.804399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eab8a010-3810-459a-8f34-765aef0d4436 · outbound

This paper cites ThinkPrune: Pruning Long Chain-of-Thought of LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning ThinkPrune: Pruning Long Chain-of-Thought of LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.807563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ce75ed7-72fb-49b6-a397-64450dfdd3f4 · outbound

This paper cites L1: Controlling How Long A Reasoning Model Thinks With Reinforcement Learning.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning L1: Controlling How Long A Reasoning Model Thinks With Reinforcement Learning

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.810890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e781f5d7-331d-4568-8405-279cc34d151f · outbound

This paper cites Dast: Difficulty-adaptive slow-thinking for large reasoning models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Dast: Difficulty-adaptive slow-thinking for large reasoning models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.814572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e8fb5eb0-a2f1-43ce-b432-574500221f0e · outbound

This paper cites Thinking, fast and slow.Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Thinking, fast and slow.Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.818080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97a01589-3817-4871-98c8-61efd9896d47 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.821434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3d7de5d4-2103-433c-97d1-18a516d19133 · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.824688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93029c25-a3a0-4fa0-89d8-bb662725937a · outbound

This paper cites LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.827932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19124775-f016-4cf3-a790-a55026db63b2 · outbound

This paper cites Towards thinking-optimal scaling of test-time compute for llm reasoning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.18080, 2025.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Towards thinking-optimal scaling of test-time compute for llm reasoning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.18080, 2025

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.831772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0be56c47-d2ea-4c84-9c2d-d7e46ed6075d · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.835438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7c0c6fcb-e9e2-4468-9472-d6f18b9adbbc · outbound

This paper cites Tang, Manan Roongta, Colin Cai, Jeffrey Luo, Li Erran Li, Raluca Ada Popa, and Ion Stoica.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Tang, Manan Roongta, Colin Cai, Jeffrey Luo, Li Erran Li, Raluca Ada Popa, and Ion Stoica

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.838844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae6bea58-246b-4a2f-afdb-9148b5a5af40 · outbound

This paper cites Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.842174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16e0138a-47f6-4a22-a5af-f5ae87c620b8 · outbound

This paper cites Imitate, Explore, and Self-Improve: A Reproduction Report on Slow-thinking Reasoning Systems.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Imitate, Explore, and Self-Improve: A Reproduction Report on Slow-thinking Reasoning Systems

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.845789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92ec3b08-f1f1-473b-ad08-f51d53c6d44d · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.848805Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8e392a9d-02ff-4e98-a703-af81e18f3af8 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.851992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b269056b-7064-4c75-b208-6816f62a1007 · outbound

This paper cites CoT-Valve: Length-Compressible Chain-of-Thought Tuning.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning CoT-Valve: Length-Compressible Chain-of-Thought Tuning

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.854861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 044889fb-6f67-40bc-ace4-a159533a2574 · outbound

This paper cites Simpo: Simple preference optimization with a reference-free reward.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:124198–124235, 2024.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Simpo: Simple preference optimization with a reference-free reward.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:124198–124235, 2024

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.857808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4f6bcfe-4f23-4d51-b594-9c2e2b636817 · outbound

This paper cites verl: V olcano engine reinforcement learning for llms.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning verl: V olcano engine reinforcement learning for llms

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:59.353240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a1b76cd7-a7ca-4d6f-a460-fff577dd0fa1 · outbound

This paper cites System-1.x: Learning to Balance Fast and Slow Planning with Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning System-1.x: Learning to Balance Fast and Slow Planning with Language Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.863587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e0fbd0d-2620-4af3-b02d-46896bac3c29 · outbound

This paper cites Visual Agents as Fast and Slow Thinkers.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Visual Agents as Fast and Slow Thinkers

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.866572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf34db47-73be-4c31-9063-cbaad67c715d · outbound

This paper cites Think More, Hallucinate Less: Mitigating Hallucinations via Dual Process of Fast and Slow Thinking.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Think More, Hallucinate Less: Mitigating Hallucinations via Dual Process of Fast and Slow Thinking

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.869704Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 757f813f-95bb-4880-9028-c6a936323c1c · outbound

This paper cites DynaThink: Fast or Slow? A Dynamic Decision-Making Framework for Large Language Models.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning DynaThink: Fast or Slow? A Dynamic Decision-Making Framework for Large Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.872574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cb68726-9f4e-46b3-82b2-9906673826fe · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:06:58.875636Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 3c4525fe-af41-4fa9-babb-cba72c3fbd0c · inbound

Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models cites this paper.

Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-14T01:29:57.520620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7342c6b7-5e9f-47ce-b831-622144ed78ea · inbound

Strategic Reflectivism In Intelligent Systems cites this paper.

Strategic Reflectivism In Intelligent Systems Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:59:21.349196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 43790c91-5fa8-4bce-bc02-1aa8b6fb833a · inbound

Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey cites this paper.

Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:53:43.511503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82e4c9ce-b853-4b1c-a4c7-d729b8a64fd5 · inbound

ConPress: Learning Efficient Reasoning from Multi-Question Contextual Pressure cites this paper.

ConPress: Learning Efficient Reasoning from Multi-Question Contextual Pressure Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T05:43:53.034813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4abc1421-51de-4d05-8a8f-4dcea382e645 · inbound

Post Reasoning: Improving the Performance of Non-Thinking Models at No Cost cites this paper.

Post Reasoning: Improving the Performance of Non-Thinking Models at No Cost Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

Reference 246

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T20:06:09.794099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6c760e19-6127-4138-9599-611d73c04bdd · inbound

ThinkSwitch: Context Distillation with LoRA and Weight Interpolation for Specific-Purpose Reasoning Tasks cites this paper.

ThinkSwitch: Context Distillation with LoRA and Weight Interpolation for Specific-Purpose Reasoning Tasks Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

Reference 50

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T18:02:27.345616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.