Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.832179Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 69 of 69 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.22645.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:08:42.832179Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
69 of 69 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 806cbf78-14a8-4686-b25e-f37e58e02a7a · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Name Statistics
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e134bea7-5321-44e5-95b7-cc82d6e9d3f1 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7ba7a29b-d40a-4f91-9e3e-e2352b3b0fa1 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3ec538b4-f350-4d69-bf2d-9c23e8fecd73 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 40c8c91f-3b72-451f-b60d-be04703875e4 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 08118452-384f-427b-b7ce-c4d8ce69be66 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Qwen Technical Report
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3610d40b-9b61-4e94-8c29-f03ef42a810b · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese 2023.Fairness and Machine Learning: Limitations and Opportunities
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c8fd8195-f088-492d-af15-c39e82df5079 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4ad853fc-25cb-403f-8155-25d6f62cffab · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f8a106b8-a9c7-4fce-ac95-33382e95e19b · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation dff96e0e-1454-4852-ba4c-955ba0a7b0f0 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 535d93d4-eb89-47c9-ab13-984146e67b8c · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3f1e23ee-a540-4cb1-b548-6d29e7228923 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c4d7feb4-fd1a-48dd-8794-51f12f2d832d · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Extending the Pre-Training of BLOOM for Improved Support of Traditional Chinese: Models, Methods and Results
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9469f5cc-a452-4473-a308-a7c80e849020 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Application of LLM Agents in Recruitment: A Novel Framework for Resume Screening
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 94d5e6c4-8849-448a-8c1a-9439129eaf06 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cf3a3b77-e84e-4ec3-8e96-e66ac7b1cba5 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a72b53db-c946-4da9-bbeb-413320a07b9a · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Dialect prejudice predicts AI decisions about people's character, employability, and criminality
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 16a8e413-989a-4586-8d7a-cb605fd258a3 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Advancing the Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Language Models: Towards a Comprehensive Benchmark Suite
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8e95398e-d72e-4424-bcb6-fef539f2a188 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Breeze-7B Technical Report
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1514a245-b6a2-46f0-b749-0f9726ff5d19 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation df1a4281-2243-4683-9b8c-767286d7f6d2 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0fe72997-6b9e-44f5-b992-274df1d3bdb4 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 64035ba7-42c5-4781-b986-2e02bd060ad1 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b890c390-0539-41d2-ae47-9a73ef83eebe · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6f9653be-5fef-4acb-b677-cf50359c90ca · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese 2014.Cross-Strait Common Vocabulary
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 70d0fd2e-a758-4d9b-82c4-387f57b42583 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 14a7e2f5-2b75-4c12-ae78-6962f805f145 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3dada96b-9511-4e55-ae8b-0ce95df38746 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Taiwan LLM: Bridging the Linguistic Divide with a Culturally Aligned Language Model
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 14dec79f-b24c-48da-a872-401136617f89 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese M3KE: A Massive Multi-Level Multi-Subject Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Chinese Large Language Models
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e7d06946-c116-454c-9acf-741f7e0ffac2 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c96a5d48-19fd-4db4-8fa2-81e2d1274caf · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese AlignBench: Benchmarking Chinese Alignment of Large Language Models
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation af759ff3-f42c-4728-80e7-5ff51f48cf94 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c293d06b-bcf0-4eed-b842-9541e194039c · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9c35dfd0-7145-434b-b2fb-856a1fe9d120 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 76164aca-ed98-42cc-adfb-57f4143e3ed8 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 44db0511-3636-4d0a-9ae3-9f2c51d09cf3 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cbf03e0e-e4dd-44be-affe-2a3d747f0dd9 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese You Gotta be a Doctor, Lin
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 68c9261f-3b71-4f2f-b115-9e463062d243 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a96a57f6-9d75-4bdc-8393-ec0c6934c325 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 645f9098-7bcc-4145-b065-66ed8e14bfa0 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation afb468d6-2da8-41e9-ad99-0fb6e746f109 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 48dde9e9-033b-4de0-b243-cfd657b7cf2c · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Representation Bias in Political Sample Simulations with Large Language Models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2c159b20-40a3-40eb-a75a-cde45c80f9a9 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 29aadae1-335c-42fc-99f2-13160effaa0b · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a141008e-d4cc-4b50-ba41-b57af47096f2 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese DRCD: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e8ffec54-4672-4571-8af3-3eb8bd060f03 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Understanding the Capabilities and Limitations of Large Language Models for Cultural Commonsense
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 57050bd2-6bd5-4be6-ad2f-16652e4b97e6 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7f822631-93e3-410b-8721-8c659899fa22 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese An Improved Traditional Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Model
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation eb6d16db-f385-4fec-93f9-00d7ec28b149 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e4a6b6e2-a16d-47c1-9ecb-cccd2da9e28f · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2181d440-b5cf-4ce0-8452-4e3c5006006c · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Tokenization Matters! Degrading Large Language Models through Challenging Their Tokenization
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cccf2123-61a5-4390-b7f7-956a19eb431f · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese InInternational Conference on Future Data and Security Engineering
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e5d123ac-7ebf-4b8a-8a2b-eea636c20ea8 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese SuperCLUE: A Comprehensive Chinese Large Language Model Benchmark
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 241860de-dbbe-437b-be98-94291fab8340 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9fdfa246-e1f6-49a2-b98a-59a8c784ed9d · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a72ff429-0a63-4623-8c30-c279fc082c76 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d81fe88d-cf40-452e-abd2-5962290990d2 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation fb90e844-159d-4fda-9d42-24c1e5d3a756 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b6a294bb-be51-42d8-a464-9bf13358b22d · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Measuring Massive Multitask Chinese Understanding
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 35c49881-b2be-408c-8d4f-30247ceaaf51 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 323ca0c1-13da-442d-a8f8-96100d92722f · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d2609f66-1acf-4929-b275-2829dc9b277b · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 115e8a3e-4853-4981-843f-0e76cc390340 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c6e092f6-a6c0-4566-b94f-c61256041fe3 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9ac88aa5-ca0f-4f78-80c0-2d4f8707cfad · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese A Survey of Large Language Models
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3c2418aa-9d83-4713-83f3-307c625ee44a · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 2018
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 76fbcfae-3b87-4731-baf1-89cb3c353ecd · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models
Reference 2022
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0b04944f-509a-49b6-a454-95a164a3cb63 · outbound
Characterizing Bias: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Simplified versus Traditional Chinese Unresolved cited work
Reference 2023
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.