Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.24635.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.24635 v1

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.032518Z

measured 30 of 30 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved30
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b584db00-d352-45d2-8f3e-d42e8cb31f84 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.310743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe36fe63-bf95-4b02-aba1-fe168ef7da96 · outbound

This paper cites Toward Generalizable Evaluation in the LLM Era: A Survey Beyond Benchmarks.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Toward Generalizable Evaluation in the LLM Era: A Survey Beyond Benchmarks

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.383031Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 545853b1-e495-4d69-a88b-671cfb2c1227 · outbound

This paper cites Model Utility Law: Evaluating LLMs beyond Performance through Mechanism Interpretable Metric.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Model Utility Law: Evaluating LLMs beyond Performance through Mechanism Interpretable Metric

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.450813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6e1a612-e347-49a3-b5e8-66b55159d98f · outbound

This paper cites CulturalBench: A Robust, Diverse, and Challenging Cultural Benchmark by Human-AI CulturalTeaming.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models CulturalBench: A Robust, Diverse, and Challenging Cultural Benchmark by Human-AI CulturalTeaming

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.577676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f093d86-4add-44d5-b7bc-6130c22afe9c · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.670996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5a57296-a27f-417e-84a0-0d78ab4a73cf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:34.318376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ab413b52-840a-4d12-bef7-4b465ede556a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.868536Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97426cd6-c677-4952-b9da-1efedfbd4f00 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.975371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cc99fa0-6ce5-4cf3-bf32-eaa45ada50ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.063098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c34f7a2-6192-4306-b09f-bd0a425a6909 · outbound

This paper cites Intrinsic Test of Unlearning Using Parametric Knowledge Traces.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Intrinsic Test of Unlearning Using Parametric Knowledge Traces

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.131951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a4467368-c0c4-45b9-9801-02a593adf7b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:34.087343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a11b7aff-1b05-483f-b640-8515b7c6c8e7 · outbound

This paper cites BHASA: A Holistic Southeast Asian Linguistic and Cultural Evaluation Suite for Large Language Models.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models BHASA: A Holistic Southeast Asian Linguistic and Cultural Evaluation Suite for Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.299955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db639b68-38c1-4584-87dd-41e5125fb336 · outbound

This paper cites SeaExam and SeaBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Local Multilingual Questions in Southeast Asia.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models SeaExam and SeaBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Local Multilingual Questions in Southeast Asia

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.361951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 417313c1-cc50-42f6-b690-1c93f4b9ea54 · outbound

This paper cites Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.446833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a09cff2-1343-4168-b394-1863624cde60 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.937127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b6627754-7a28-409a-a819-fe97787bc1b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.621695Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e829491-d525-4fe6-9ff4-02dc8b388965 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.784466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0d910d80-1073-4ae0-a48c-5777ee2eb970 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.753236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 274dd890-6f2b-4fe5-abfa-88d2fc3bf5c4 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.893975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1740e2e0-9e3d-4055-8641-d8456358748a · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.015576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e978c99-7ad8-4c14-b83a-5dc943c536eb · outbound

This paper cites Language-Specific Neurons: The Key to Multilingual Capabilities in Large Language Models.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Language-Specific Neurons: The Key to Multilingual Capabilities in Large Language Models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.258791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e974ea5-6772-40b4-af04-873cf1c17ffc · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.331555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 248d82b0-cc93-41e4-b373-26ab7dfe7199 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.597931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 34fba750-ab18-4cf6-8e74-9eccf946f6b6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.530994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d4d9e63-387f-4f55-9ef2-9ed1152d6fc5 · outbound

This paper cites Do Llamas Work in English? On the Latent Language of Multilingual Transformers.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Do Llamas Work in English? On the Latent Language of Multilingual Transformers

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.626946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb7bcc25-5d00-407a-95a0-8b0f2b563f27 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.733838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5dd1b83d-7f22-4f67-b534-26abce526a3c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.452076Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6e5cdfa0-728f-4af4-bc80-471c884a1b90 · outbound

This paper cites SeaLLMs 3: Open Foundation and Chat Multilingual Large Language Models for Southeast Asian Languages.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models SeaLLMs 3: Open Foundation and Chat Multilingual Large Language Models for Southeast Asian Languages

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.877616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11197da8-c143-4207-adcd-a3ab214724d4 · outbound

This paper cites How do Large Language Models Handle Multilingualism?.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models How do Large Language Models Handle Multilingualism?

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.951876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae484c60-081a-429b-bece-63d9e534e71d · outbound

This paper cites Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena.

Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.032518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.