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Not-quite-primordial black holes
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abstract
We propose a new mechanism for the formation of seeds of supermassive black holes at early cosmic epochs. Enhanced density fluctuations with amplitudes that are not large enough to form primordial black holes post-inflation can still lead to collapsed dark matter halos at very early times. For halos forming prior to $1+z \approx 200$, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is energetic enough to suppress the formation of molecular hydrogen, hence preventing cooling and fragmentation, as a consequence of which baryons falling into the potential well of the halo may undergo "direct collapse" into a black hole. We show using a few illustrative models how this mechanism may account for the abundance of high-redshift black holes inferred from observations by the James Webb Space Telescope while remaining consistent with current limits from CMB spectral distortions. Limits on the primordial power spectrum are also derived by requiring that the universe not reionize too early.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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A direct black hole mass measurement in a Little Red Dot at the Epoch of Reionization
A lensed Little Red Dot at z=7.04 shows Keplerian rotation around a central point mass, giving the first direct dynamical black hole mass measurement in the epoch of reionization.
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A Novel Formation Channel for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in the Early Universe via Primordial Black Holes
Massive primordial black holes with strong gas-dark matter streaming can trigger direct-collapse black hole formation in their wake, producing early supermassive black hole binaries.
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Probing Confining Dark Sectors with Cosmological Perturbations
Composite dark matter from a keV–MeV confining phase transition sources an IR-enhanced curvature spectrum that competes with free-streaming suppression, yielding concrete CMB and Lyman-α bounds on transition strength ...
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Not-quite-primordial black holes seeded by cosmic string loops
Cosmic string loops moving through the early universe can seed halos that collapse into 10^5 solar mass black holes, potentially explaining JWST's little red dots.
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Little Red Dots from Small-Scale Primordial Black Hole Clustering
Densely clustered 30-solar-mass primordial black holes can sequentially merge into ~10^6 solar-mass seeds by redshift 6, possibly explaining JWST little red dots, with high spin from tidal torques and a two-peak gravi...
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From Fluctuation to Polarization: Imprints of $O(1-10)\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ Curvature Perturbations in CMB B-modes from Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves
Scalar-induced gravitational waves from small-scale curvature perturbations can imprint detectable CMB B-mode polarization, giving future experiments a new window on the primordial power spectrum at k ~ 1-10 Mpc^-1.
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