Pith. sign in

REVIEW 6 cited by

Dense360: Dense Understanding from Omnidirectional Panoramas

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2506.14471 v1 pith:2TIXMAIH submitted 2025-06-17 cs.CV

Dense360: Dense Understanding from Omnidirectional Panoramas

classification cs.CV
keywords densepanoramasunderstandingmllmsomnidirectionalcomprehensivefirstpanoramic
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN
read the original abstract

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) require comprehensive visual inputs to achieve dense understanding of the physical world. While existing MLLMs demonstrate impressive world understanding capabilities through limited field-of-view (FOV) visual inputs (e.g., 70 degree), we take the first step toward dense understanding from omnidirectional panoramas. We first introduce an omnidirectional panoramas dataset featuring a comprehensive suite of reliability-scored annotations. Specifically, our dataset contains 160K panoramas with 5M dense entity-level captions, 1M unique referring expressions, and 100K entity-grounded panoramic scene descriptions. Compared to multi-view alternatives, panoramas can provide more complete, compact, and continuous scene representations through equirectangular projections (ERP). However, the use of ERP introduces two key challenges for MLLMs: i) spatial continuity along the circle of latitude, and ii) latitude-dependent variation in information density. We address these challenges through ERP-RoPE, a position encoding scheme specifically designed for panoramic ERP. In addition, we introduce Dense360-Bench, the first benchmark for evaluating MLLMs on omnidirectional captioning and grounding, establishing a comprehensive framework for advancing dense visual-language understanding in panoramic settings.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Seek to Segment: Active Perception for Panoramic Referring Segmentation

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Introduces APRS task and PanoSeeker agent using VLM plus EgoSphere memory for active 360° search and segmentation, outperforming baselines on a new benchmark.

  2. OmniCoT: A Benchmark for Global and Multi-Step Panoramic Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    OmniCoT is a new panoramic reasoning benchmark with 6.7K eval, 1K real, and 14.3K training examples plus a two-stage SFT+GRPO training method to enforce global 360-degree consistency.

  3. PanoWorld: Towards Spatial Supersensing in 360$^\circ$ Panorama World

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PanoWorld adds spherical geometry to MLLMs via cross-attention and pano-specific instruction data, yielding better performance on panoramic spatial reasoning benchmarks than standard perspective-based pipelines.

  4. PanoWorld: Towards Spatial Supersensing in 360$^\circ$ Panorama World

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PanoWorld adds spherical spatial cross-attention and pano-native training data to MLLMs for improved spatial reasoning on ERP panoramas, outperforming baselines on new and existing benchmarks.

  5. Panoramic Scene Understanding: A Survey from Distortion-Aware Engineering to Sphere-Native Modeling

    cs.CV 2026-06 conditional novelty 5.0

    A survey diagnosing panoramic scene understanding as a field that converged on compatibility-preserving geometric adaptation rather than sphere-native modeling, while its evaluation protocols systematically fail to me...

  6. Panoramic Scene Understanding: A Survey from Distortion-Aware Engineering to Sphere-Native Modeling

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Survey organizing panoramic scene analysis literature by architectural design and training paradigm, identifying the absence of methods achieving both strict spherical equivariance and full reuse of perspective-pretra...