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Magnetic-Field Control of Emergent Order in a 3D Dipolar Pyramid Artificial Spin Ice

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arxiv 2509.01534 v1 pith:25HSEWDF submitted 2025-09-01 cond-mat.mes-hall

Magnetic-Field Control of Emergent Order in a 3D Dipolar Pyramid Artificial Spin Ice

Luca Berchialla , Gavin M. Macauley , Flavien Museur , Anja Weber , Laura J. Heyderman This is my paper
classification cond-mat.mes-hall
keywords artificialspindipolaremergentnanomagnetspyramidsquarestates
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We realize a three-dimensional artificial spin ice of disconnected nanomagnets interacting solely via dipolar coupling, patterned on square pyramids. This Pyramid artificial spin ice, with both tilted and in-plane nanomagnets, supports tunable states. Monte Carlo simulations reveal a rich phase diagram and an emergent square ice of vertex-level effective spins. Tailored demagnetization protocols and magnetic force microscopy allow experimental access to low-energy states, establishing a platform for exploring three-dimensional artificial spin ices.

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