Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 51 of 51 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.01606.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.01606 v1

Coverage vector

measured 51 of 51 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:27.726206Z

measured 51 of 51 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

51 of 51 outbound references displayed

verified exact7
verified fuzzy4
unresolved38
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0deb0b54-cae0-4eae-bade-087311206d83 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:22.795379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c8e1521-fb05-4973-bcea-3c105b2a0554 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:22.884265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3afa3cfb-d7b9-4827-b908-8c496f86d1a8 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply @esa (Ref

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:22.979993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f182304-cf0d-443b-8e1b-fdb20ec98f5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:23.098420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3642f64-709d-4201-b0e1-27dfec996091 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.505730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 42f7d873-437f-4882-ac45-91fbd884b8d9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:23.247881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb36900f-444a-44c7-ba76-b81623216ac0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.669658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 766ebb5f-cb40-4abd-9001-8fbc26e86830 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.478729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 330dac26-1030-43f7-bb6f-da1229c8bb21 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.459302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b6449ad2-b8ec-421a-b459-4dba46b395b7 · outbound

This paper cites Blei, Andrew Y.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Blei, Andrew Y

Reference 10

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.061068Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 6df8a16f-a696-476c-b8c4-7bc5db90d668 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.436431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 818bdd5c-416b-40c9-a31c-0e068668ec16 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.649300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation cd7e5fd0-db5c-408d-8b0a-c295d4dff414 · outbound

This paper cites Chi, John Hewitt, and Christopher D.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Chi, John Hewitt, and Christopher D

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:23.904679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b3e0196-81a4-4876-a592-e9aaf6360791 · outbound

This paper cites Le, and Christopher D.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Le, and Christopher D

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.414525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 59eb9bcb-c3b2-43bb-82a9-939487fc738b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:24.082391Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b029d4c9-24be-46e4-b991-93046d6c1b0a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.390874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation ae9c75bb-95a1-4000-a1fd-c78c020d3a76 · outbound

This paper cites Toy Models of Superposition.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Toy Models of Superposition

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:24.249070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c2e513c-f8e1-498c-8a9e-8e00c42a6d69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:24.350768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c107ea59-9096-4620-963f-75c1e928e234 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.367850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 3e804f3b-b8e8-4790-a70b-d5aa3bc642da · outbound

This paper cites Furnas, Scott Deerwester, Susan T.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Furnas, Scott Deerwester, Susan T

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.347186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 8412ee57-4298-46d8-b02e-5efd0ca24e56 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:24.605305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 830f0734-57e3-497c-8290-1f39ce868bd8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.327790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation f783b859-8ada-4802-aac6-1e3117c164b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:24.816617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3f48c7a3-15c8-44fb-b3c5-297e540e8268 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.539706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 3ec90c1f-888a-437e-a669-de69e5d19bc3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:25.051381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 765f10d4-0f6b-44f9-9a67-793419a7b747 · outbound

This paper cites Jolliffe.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Jolliffe

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.309610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 763394c6-6c84-43cd-a6b3-e1bd2ee4da12 · outbound

This paper cites ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:25.230350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d90fd339-b7a0-4a30-88b1-6f5883018dbe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.292269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 2161fb54-af7e-461f-9eef-27f4d9888713 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:25.485496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf80e3a0-a7f7-42b9-942c-ee193a4ae4bf · outbound

This paper cites Manning, Kevin Clark, John Hewitt, Urvashi Khandelwal, and Omer Levy.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Manning, Kevin Clark, John Hewitt, Urvashi Khandelwal, and Omer Levy

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.273869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 233d992e-bc83-4217-a7fd-47590bce6b89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.493396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e09041df-24a9-4465-9786-58a07a8a65ab · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:25.756767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c716d8a9-2e32-4071-b927-10f5d9b4696b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.253723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b8886c58-6a4e-4636-a0a2-8df013d42d75 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:26.036226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ddfa208-d622-4e54-831c-2b83157989d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.235287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 09f827c7-56b9-4ae3-ad7e-83854f216b7d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.454101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 6721fbd5-d0aa-43e7-b34e-f60f0307a467 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:26.278568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 196ad9ba-4c14-4264-92bb-c6b803ff5bef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.217774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 4cbb1d47-39cf-47e6-bfc0-87af273d32e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.198191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 70024d7d-a971-46eb-9994-685294423647 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.179576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation d5dee556-b510-46f8-87b8-b5fc15cf380f · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Richard Futrell, and Kyle Mahowald.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Chi, Richard Futrell, and Kyle Mahowald

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.300545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 7d62d6a1-8507-4e6f-b1a6-8770a423954f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:26.776339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03c82eec-817a-4745-b9e7-c905609a1062 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.830894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation fc69be2a-55ad-494a-b8bf-be9523c6f6a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:28.021586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation fa1f2877-c999-4b52-a173-f1ecdd99424d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:27.096339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1504eaf-b90d-44d5-8688-e2e9e5743196 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.142585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 9dc145ff-9974-46bc-8580-820ac5926bd1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:27.208852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3a9ea916-933f-4952-b9c2-76980d05e241 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:27.321430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b59e7d0-b57c-4272-bb17-a34b1fcfd3a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:27.425860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 91f8033b-f545-4e3c-8411-a531de2e88d2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.108256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation f6d480a3-0978-4e37-9f14-b5e3654741a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Testing the assumptions about the geometry of sentence embedding spaces: the cosine measure need not apply Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T12:25:29.086343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.