pith. the verified trust layer for science. sign in

arxiv: 2510.24686 · v1 · submitted 2025-10-28 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.supr-con

A light-induced charge order mode in a metastable cuprate ladder

Hari Padma , Prakash Sharma , Sophia F. R. TenHuisen , Filippo Glerean , Antoine Roll , Pan Zhou , Sarbajaya Kundu , Arnau Romaguera
show 12 more authors
Elizabeth Skoropata Hiroki Ueda Biaolong Liu Eugenio Paris Yu Wang Seng Huat Lee Zhiqiang Mao Mark P. M. Dean Edwin W. Huang Elia Razzoli Yao Wang Matteo Mitrano
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 02:44 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
keywords charge order modecuprate ladderlight-induced metastable statetime-resolved RIXSupper Hubbard bandcollective excitationsSr14Cu24O41quasiparticle velocity
0
0 comments X p. Extension

The pith

Light drives a gapless charge order mode to disperse at quasiparticle speeds in a metastable cuprate ladder.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that near-infrared light can drive a symmetry-protected metastable electronic state in the cuprate ladder Sr14Cu24O41, which partially melts the equilibrium charge order. Using time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering tuned to the upper Hubbard band, they detect a new gapless collective excitation that originates at the charge-order wavevector and disperses up to 0.8 electron volts. The dispersion slope is comparable to the velocity of quasiparticles, indicating that correlated carriers develop itinerant behavior at finite momentum. In this regime the charge order is no longer static but fluctuates dynamically. This creates an experimental platform for investigating whether light can induce pairing instabilities that might relate to superconductivity.

Core claim

Near-infrared light in the ladder plane drives a symmetry-protected electronic metastable state together with a partial melting of the equilibrium charge order. Time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements at the upper Hubbard band reveal a gapless collective excitation dispersing from the charge-order wavevector up to 0.8 eV with a slope on the order of the quasiparticle velocity. These findings reveal a regime where correlated carriers acquire itinerant character at finite momentum, and charge order becomes dynamically fluctuating, offering a platform to explore light-induced pairing instabilities.

What carries the argument

The gapless collective excitation observed via time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the upper Hubbard band, dispersing from the charge-order wavevector and interpreted as a symmetry-protected charge order mode in the light-induced metastable state.

Load-bearing premise

The observed gapless dispersing excitation is a true symmetry-protected charge order mode tied to the light-induced metastable state rather than a pump-probe artifact or equilibrium fluctuation.

What would settle it

Repeating the time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurement on the unpumped equilibrium sample or after the metastable state has decayed should show the complete absence of the dispersing excitation from the charge-order wavevector up to 0.8 eV.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2510.24686 by Antoine Roll, Arnau Romaguera, Biaolong Liu, Edwin W. Huang, Elia Razzoli, Elizabeth Skoropata, Eugenio Paris, Filippo Glerean, Hari Padma, Hiroki Ueda, Mark P. M. Dean, Matteo Mitrano, Pan Zhou, Prakash Sharma, Sarbajaya Kundu, Seng Huat Lee, Sophia F. R. TenHuisen, Yao Wang, Yu Wang, Zhiqiang Mao.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (a) Crystal structure of Sr [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (a) Sketch of the time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a,b) Momentum-dependent RIXS spectra in and out of eq [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We report the observation of an emergent charge order mode in the optically-excited cuprate ladder Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$. Near-infrared light in the ladder plane drives a symmetry-protected electronic metastable state together with a partial melting of the equilibrium charge order. Our time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements at the upper Hubbard band reveal a gapless collective excitation dispersing from the charge-order wavevector up to 0.8 eV with a slope on the order of the quasiparticle velocity. These findings reveal a regime where correlated carriers acquire itinerant character at finite momentum, and charge order becomes dynamically fluctuating, offering a platform to explore light-induced pairing instabilities.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (tr-RIXS) measurements at the upper Hubbard band on the cuprate ladder Sr_{14}Cu_{24}O_{41}. Near-infrared pumping in the ladder plane induces a symmetry-protected metastable electronic state accompanied by partial melting of the equilibrium charge order. The key observation is a gapless collective excitation that disperses from the charge-order wavevector up to 0.8 eV, with a slope comparable to the quasiparticle velocity. The authors interpret this as a light-induced charge-order mode, indicating itinerant character of correlated carriers at finite momentum and dynamically fluctuating charge order.

Significance. If the mode assignment is robust, the result identifies a light-driven regime in which charge order becomes dynamically fluctuating while correlated carriers acquire itinerant character at finite momentum. This supplies a concrete experimental platform for exploring light-induced pairing instabilities in ladder systems. The use of tr-RIXS to track collective excitations in a metastable state is a methodological strength, and the reported dispersion provides a clear, falsifiable signature for theoretical modeling.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract and Results] Abstract and Results section: the central claim that the dispersing excitation is a symmetry-protected charge-order mode tied exclusively to the light-induced metastable state (rather than a pump-probe artifact or equilibrium fluctuation) is load-bearing. The abstract states the observation but does not supply quantitative details on background subtraction, fluence dependence, or time-delay evolution that would exclude heating artifacts or residual equilibrium signals. Explicit comparison of pumped vs. unpumped and early vs. late-delay spectra at the CO wavevector is required to substantiate the assignment.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our work and for the constructive major comment. We agree that the assignment of the observed dispersing excitation to the light-induced metastable state requires stronger quantitative support to exclude artifacts. We will revise the manuscript to include the requested comparisons and details.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and Results] Abstract and Results section: the central claim that the dispersing excitation is a symmetry-protected charge-order mode tied exclusively to the light-induced metastable state (rather than a pump-probe artifact or equilibrium fluctuation) is load-bearing. The abstract states the observation but does not supply quantitative details on background subtraction, fluence dependence, or time-delay evolution that would exclude heating artifacts or residual equilibrium signals. Explicit comparison of pumped vs. unpumped and early vs. late-delay spectra at the CO wavevector is required to substantiate the assignment.

    Authors: We thank the referee for highlighting this important point. The distinction from artifacts is indeed central to our interpretation. In the revised manuscript we will add explicit comparisons of pumped versus unpumped spectra at the charge-order wavevector, together with fluence-dependent data that show the mode intensity scaling linearly with pump fluence up to the point of partial charge-order melting (inconsistent with uniform heating). We will also include time-delay traces at the CO wavevector comparing early delays (within the metastable lifetime) to late delays (after relaxation), demonstrating that the gapless dispersing feature vanishes once the system returns to equilibrium. A detailed description of the background subtraction procedure, including how residual equilibrium charge-order fluctuations are subtracted, will be added to the Methods section and Supplementary Information. These additions will directly substantiate the claim without altering the scientific conclusions. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: direct experimental observation without derived predictions or self-referential steps

full rationale

This is an experimental observation paper reporting time-resolved RIXS measurements of a gapless collective excitation in an optically excited cuprate ladder. The central result is presented as a direct measurement of dispersion from the charge-order wavevector up to 0.8 eV, with no mathematical derivation chain, fitted parameters renamed as predictions, uniqueness theorems, or ansatzes. No load-bearing self-citations or reductions of outputs to inputs by construction appear in the provided abstract or description; the findings rest on empirical data collection and background analysis rather than any closed logical loop.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard assumptions of RIXS as a probe of electronic excitations and the interpretation of the metastable state as symmetry-protected; no free parameters or invented entities are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the upper Hubbard band selectively probes charge excitations in cuprates.
    Invoked implicitly when linking the measured mode to charge order.
  • domain assumption Near-infrared excitation creates a long-lived symmetry-protected metastable electronic state with partial charge-order melting.
    Stated directly in the abstract as the precondition for the observed mode.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5728 in / 1365 out tokens · 25523 ms · 2026-05-18T02:44:50.488887+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

  • IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear
    ?
    unclear

    Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

    Our time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements at the upper Hubbard band reveal a gapless collective excitation dispersing from the charge-order wavevector up to 0.8 eV with a slope on the order of the quasiparticle velocity.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Floquet X-Ray Scattering as a Probe of Hidden Electronic Orders

    cond-mat.str-el 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    Floquet X-ray scattering provides direct access to bond and current correlations in hidden electronic orders, with distinct polarization fingerprints on the Kagome lattice that can be tuned by drive frequency.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

89 extracted references · 89 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    A. S. Disa, M. Fechner, T. F. Nova, B. Liu, M. F¨ orst, D. Prabhakaran, P. G. Radaelli, and A. Cavalleri, Po- larizing an antiferromagnet by optical engineering of the crystal field, Nature Physics 16, 937 (2020)

    work page 2020

  2. [2]

    D. Shin, H. H¨ ubener, U. De Giovannini, H. Jin, A. Ru- bio, and N. Park, Phonon-driven spin-Floquet magneto- valleytronics in MoS 2, Nature Communications 9, 638 (2018)

    work page 2018

  3. [3]

    Kogar, A

    A. Kogar, A. Zong, P. E. Dolgirev, X. Shen, J. Straqua- dine, Y.-Q. Bie, X. Wang, T. Rohwer, I.-C. Tung, Y. Yang, R. Li, J. Yang, S. Weathersby, S. Park, M. E. Kozina, E. J. Sie, H. Wen, P. Jarillo-Herrero, I. R. Fisher, X. Wang, and N. Gedik, Light-induced charge density wave in LaTe 3, Nature Physics 16, 159 (2020)

    work page 2020

  4. [4]

    Y. H. Wang, H. Steinberg, P. Jarillo-Herrero, and N. Gedik, Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator, Science 342, 453 (2013)

    work page 2013

  5. [5]

    J. W. McIver, B. Schulte, F.-U. Stein, T. Matsuyama, G. Jotzu, G. Meier, and A. Cavalleri, Light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene, Nature Physics 16, 38 (2020)

    work page 2020

  6. [6]

    S. Ito, M. Sch¨ uler, M. Meierhofer, S. Schlauderer, J. Freudenstein, J. Reimann, D. Afanasiev, K. A. Kokh, O. E. Tereshchenko, J. G¨ udde, M. A. Sentef, U. H¨ ofer, and R. Huber, Build-up and dephasing of Floquet–Bloch bands on subcycle timescales, Nature 616, 696 (2023)

    work page 2023

  7. [7]

    Fausti, R

    D. Fausti, R. Tobey, N. Dean, S. Kaiser, A. Dienst, M. C. Hoffmann, S. Pyon, T. Takayama, H. Takagi, and A. Cavalleri, Light-induced superconductivity in a stripe- ordered cuprate, Science 331, 189 (2011)

    work page 2011

  8. [8]

    W. Hu, S. Kaiser, D. Nicoletti, C. R. Hunt, I. Gierz, M. C. Hoffmann, M. Le Tacon, T. Loew, B. Keimer, and A. Cavalleri, Optically enhanced coherent transport in YBa 2Cu3O6. 5 by ultrafast redistribution of interlayer coupling, Nature Materials 13, 705 (2014)

    work page 2014

  9. [9]

    Mitrano, A

    M. Mitrano, A. Cantaluppi, D. Nicoletti, S. Kaiser, A. Perucchi, S. Lupi, P. Di Pietro, D. Pontiroli, M. Ricc` o, S. R. Clark, et al. , Possible light-induced superconduc- tivity in K 3C60 at high temperature, Nature 530, 461 (2016)

    work page 2016

  10. [10]

    von der Linde, A

    D. von der Linde, A. M. Glass, and K. F. Rodgers, Mul- tiphoton photorefractive processes for optical storage in LiNbO3, Applied Physics Letters 25, 155 (1974)

    work page 1974

  11. [11]

    Koshihara, Y

    S. Koshihara, Y. Tokura, T. Mitani, G. Saito, and T. Koda, Photoinduced valence instability in the or- ganic molecular compound tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil (TTF-CA), Physical Review B 42, 6853 (1990)

    work page 1990

  12. [12]

    Kiryukhin, D

    V. Kiryukhin, D. Casa, J. P. Hill, B. Keimer, A. Vigliante, Y. Tomioka, and Y. Tokura, An x-ray- induced insulator–metal transition in a magnetoresistive manganite, Nature 386, 813 (1997)

    work page 1997

  13. [13]

    Fiebig, K

    M. Fiebig, K. Miyano, Y. Tomioka, and Y. Tokura, Visualization of the local insulator-metal transition in Pr0. 7Ca0. 3MnO3, Science 280, 1925 (1998)

    work page 1925

  14. [14]

    M. Rini, R. Tobey, N. Dean, J. Itatani, Y. Tomioka, Y. Tokura, R. W. Schoenlein, and A. Cavalleri, Control of the electronic phase of a manganite by mode-selective vibrational excitation, Nature 449, 72 (2007)

    work page 2007

  15. [15]

    Ichikawa, S

    H. Ichikawa, S. Nozawa, T. Sato, A. Tomita, K. Ichiyanagi, M. Chollet, L. Guerin, N. Dean, A. Cav- alleri, S.-i. Adachi, T.-h. Arima, H. Sawa, Y. Ogimoto, M. Nakamura, R. Tamaki, K. Miyano, and S.-y. Koshi- hara, Transient photoinduced ‘hidden’ phase in a man- ganite, Nature Materials 10, 101 (2011)

    work page 2011

  16. [16]

    Zhang, X

    J. Zhang, X. Tan, M. Liu, S. W. Teitelbaum, K. W. Post, F. Jin, K. A. Nelson, D. N. Basov, W. Wu, and R. D. Averitt, Cooperative photoinduced metastable phase control in strained manganite films, Nature Mate- rials 15, 956 (2016)

    work page 2016

  17. [17]

    Stojchevska, I

    L. Stojchevska, I. Vaskivskyi, T. Mertelj, P. Kusar, D. Svetin, S. Brazovskii, and D. Mihailovic, Ultrafast switching to a stable hidden quantum state in an elec- tronic crystal, Science 344, 177 (2014)

    work page 2014

  18. [18]

    Stoica, N

    V. Stoica, N. Laanait, C. Dai, Z. Hong, Y. Yuan, Z. Zhang, S. Lei, M. McCarter, A. Yadav, A. Damodaran, et al. , Optical creation of a supercrystal with three- dimensional nanoscale periodicity, Nature Materials 18, 377 (2019)

    work page 2019

  19. [19]

    T. F. Nova, A. S. Disa, M. Fechner, and A. Cavalleri, Metastable ferroelectricity in optically strained SrTiO 3, Science 364, 1075 (2019)

    work page 2019

  20. [20]

    A. Disa, J. Curtis, M. Fechner, A. Liu, A. Von Hoe- gen, M. F¨ orst, T. Nova, P. Narang, A. Maljuk, A. Boris, et al. , Photo-induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in YTiO 3, Nature 617, 73 (2023)

    work page 2023

  21. [21]

    Vogelgesang, G

    S. Vogelgesang, G. Storeck, J. G. Horstmann, T. Diek- mann, M. Sivis, S. Schramm, K. Rossnagel, S. Sch¨ afer, and C. Ropers, Phase ordering of charge density waves traced by ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction, Na- ture Physics 14, 184 (2018)

    work page 2018

  22. [22]

    A. Zong, A. Kogar, Y.-Q. Bie, T. Rohwer, C. Lee, E. Bal- dini, E. Erge¸ cen, M. B. Yilmaz, B. Freelon, E. J. Sie, et al. , Evidence for topological defects in a photoinduced phase transition, Nature Physics 15, 27 (2019)

    work page 2019

  23. [23]

    Y. A. Gerasimenko, I. Vaskivskyi, M. Litskevich, J. Ravnik, J. Vodeb, M. Diego, V. Kabanov, and D. Mi- hailovic, Quantum jamming transition to a correlated electron glass in 1T-TaS 2, Nature Materials 18, 1078 (2019)

    work page 2019

  24. [24]

    Budden, T

    M. Budden, T. Gebert, M. Buzzi, G. Jotzu, E. Wang, T. Matsuyama, G. Meier, Y. Laplace, D. Pontiroli, M. Ricc` o,et al. , Evidence for metastable photo-induced superconductivity in K 3C60, Nature Physics 17, 611 (2021)

    work page 2021

  25. [25]

    Murakami, D

    Y. Murakami, D. Goleˇ z, M. Eckstein, and P. Werner, Photoinduced nonequilibrium states in Mott insulators, Reviews of Modern Physics 97, 035001 (2025)

    work page 2025

  26. [26]

    Kollath, A

    C. Kollath, A. M. L¨ auchli, and E. Altman, Quench dy- namics and nonequilibrium phase diagram of the Bose- Hubbard model, Physical Review Letters 98, 180601 (2007)

    work page 2007

  27. [27]

    Eckstein, M

    M. Eckstein, M. Kollar, and P. Werner, Thermalization 7 after an interaction quench in the Hubbard model, Phys- ical Review Letters 103, 056403 (2009)

    work page 2009

  28. [28]

    Kollar, F

    M. Kollar, F. A. Wolf, and M. Eckstein, Generalized gibbs ensemble prediction of prethermalization plateaus and their relation to nonthermal steady states in inte- grable systems, Physical Review B 84, 054304 (2011)

    work page 2011

  29. [29]

    Sun and A

    Z. Sun and A. J. Millis, Transient trapping into metastable states in systems with competing orders, Physical Review X 10, 021028 (2020)

    work page 2020

  30. [30]

    Masoumi, A

    Y. Masoumi, A. de la Torre, and G. A. Fiete, Metasta- bility in coexisting competing orders, Physical Review Letters 135, 066501 (2025)

    work page 2025

  31. [31]

    Oka and S

    T. Oka and S. Kitamura, Floquet engineering of quantum materials, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 10, 387 (2019)

    work page 2019

  32. [32]

    Kuneˇ s, Excitonic condensation in systems of strongl y correlated electrons, Journal of Physics: Condensed Mat- ter 27, 333201 (2015)

    J. Kuneˇ s, Excitonic condensation in systems of strongl y correlated electrons, Journal of Physics: Condensed Mat- ter 27, 333201 (2015)

    work page 2015

  33. [33]

    Werner and Y

    P. Werner and Y. Murakami, Nonthermal excitonic con- densation near a spin-state transition, Physical Review B 102, 241103 (2020)

    work page 2020

  34. [34]

    C. N. Yang, η pairing and off-diagonal long-range order in a Hubbard model, Physical Review Letters 63, 2144 (1989)

    work page 1989

  35. [35]

    Rosch, D

    A. Rosch, D. Rasch, B. Binz, and M. Vojta, Metastable superfluidity of repulsive fermionic atoms in optical lat- tices, Physical Review Letters 101, 265301 (2008)

    work page 2008

  36. [36]

    J. Li, D. Golez, P. Werner, and M. Eckstein, η-paired superconducting hidden phase in photodoped Mott insu- lators, Physical Review B 102, 165136 (2020)

    work page 2020

  37. [37]

    Padma, F

    H. Padma, F. Glerean, S. F. R. TenHuisen, Z. Shen, H. Wang, L. Xu, J. D. Elliott, C. C. Homes, E. Skoropata, H. Ueda, B. Liu, E. Paris, A. Romaguera, B. Lee, W. He, Y. Wang, S. H. Lee, H. Choi, S.-Y. Park, Z. Mao, M. Ca- landra, H. Jang, E. Razzoli, M. P. M. Dean, Y. Wang, and M. Mitrano, Symmetry-protected electronic metastabil- ity in an optically drive...

    work page 2025

  38. [38]

    Abbamonte, G

    P. Abbamonte, G. Blumberg, A. Rusydi, A. Gozar, P. Evans, T. Siegrist, L. Venema, H. Eisaki, E. Isaacs, and G. Sawatzky, Crystallization of charge holes in the spin ladder of Sr 14Cu24O41, Nature 431, 1078 (2004)

    work page 2004

  39. [39]

    Vuleti´ c, B

    T. Vuleti´ c, B. Korin-Hamzi´ c, T. Ivek, S. Tomi´ c, B. Gor- shunov, M. Dressel, and J. Akimitsu, The spin-ladder and spin-chain system (La,Y,Sr,Ca) 14Cu24O41: Elec- tronic phases, charge and spin dynamics, Physics Reports 428, 169 (2006)

    work page 2006

  40. [40]

    Uehara, T

    M. Uehara, T. Nagata, J. Akimitsu, H. Takahashi, N. Mˆ ori, and K. Kinoshita, Superconductivity in the lad- der material Sr 0. 4Ca13. 6Cu24O41. 84, Journal of the Phys- ical Society of Japan 65, 2764 (1996)

    work page 1996

  41. [41]

    Dagotto, Experiments on ladders reveal a complex in- terplay between a spin-gapped normal state and super- conductivity, Reports on Progress in Physics 62, 1525 (1999)

    E. Dagotto, Experiments on ladders reveal a complex in- terplay between a spin-gapped normal state and super- conductivity, Reports on Progress in Physics 62, 1525 (1999)

    work page 1999

  42. [42]

    Hirthe, T

    S. Hirthe, T. Chalopin, D. Bourgund, P. Bojovi´ c, A. Bohrdt, E. Demler, F. Grusdt, I. Bloch, and T. A. Hilker, Magnetically mediated hole pairing in fermionic ladders of ultracold atoms, Nature 613, 463 (2023)

    work page 2023

  43. [43]

    Padma, J

    H. Padma, J. Thomas, S. F. R. TenHuisen, W. He, Z. Guan, J. Li, B. Lee, Y. Wang, S. H. Lee, Z. Mao, H. Jang, V. Bisogni, J. Pelliciari, M. P. M. Dean, S. John- ston, and M. Mitrano, Beyond-Hubbard Pairing in a Cuprate Ladder, Phys. Rev. X 15, 021049 (2025)

    work page 2025

  44. [44]

    Scheie, P

    A. Scheie, P. Laurell, J. Thomas, V. Sharma, A. Kolesnikov, G. Granroth, Q. Zhang, B. Lake, M. Mi- halik Jr, R. Bewley, et al., Cooper-pair localization in the magnetic dynamics of a cuprate ladder, arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.10296 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  45. [45]

    SwissFEL Furka, https://www.psi.ch/en/swissfel/ furka (2025), accessed: 23 April 2025

    work page 2025

  46. [46]

    N¨ ucker, M

    N. N¨ ucker, M. Merz, C. A. Kuntscher, S. Ger- hold, S. Schuppler, R. Neudert, M. Golden, J. Fink, D. Schild, S. Stadler, et al. , Hole distribution in (Sr,Ca,Y,La)14Cu24O41 ladder compounds studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, Physical Review B 62, 14384 (2000)

    work page 2000

  47. [47]

    Mitrano and Y

    M. Mitrano and Y. Wang, Probing light-driven quantum materials with ultrafast resonant inelastic X-ray scatter- ing, Communications Physics 3, 184 (2020)

    work page 2020

  48. [48]

    Mitrano, S

    M. Mitrano, S. Johnston, Y.-J. Kim, and M. P. M. Dean, Exploring Quantum Materials with Resonant Inelastic X- Ray Scattering, Phys. Rev. X 14, 040501 (2024)

    work page 2024

  49. [49]

    Rusydi, P

    A. Rusydi, P. Abbamonte, H. Eisaki, Y. Fujimaki, G. Blumberg, S. Uchida, and G. A. Sawatzky, Quan- tum melting of the hole crystal in the spin ladder of Sr14− xCaxCu24O41, Physical Review Letters 97, 016403 (2006)

    work page 2006

  50. [50]

    Tseng, E

    Y. Tseng, E. Paris, K. P. Schmidt, W. Zhang, T. C. As- mara, R. Bag, V. N. Strocov, S. Singh, J. Schlappa, H. M. Rønnow, et al., Momentum-resolved spin-conserving two- triplon bound state and continuum in a cuprate ladder, Communications Physics 6, 138 (2023)

    work page 2023

  51. [51]

    W. Lee, J. Lee, E. Nowadnick, S. Gerber, W. Tabis, S. Huang, V. Strocov, E. Motoyama, G. Yu, B. Moritz, et al., Asymmetry of collective excitations in electron-and hole-doped cuprate superconductors, Nature Physics 10, 883 (2014)

    work page 2014

  52. [52]

    Hepting, L

    M. Hepting, L. Chaix, E. Huang, R. Fumagalli, Y. Peng, B. Moritz, K. Kummer, N. Brookes, W. Lee, M. Hashimoto, et al., Three-dimensional collective charge excitations in electron-doped copper oxide superconduc- tors, Nature 563, 374 (2018)

    work page 2018

  53. [53]

    J. Q. Lin, J. Yuan, K. Jin, Z. P. Yin, G. Li, K.-J. Zhou, X. Lu, M. Dantz, T. Schmitt, H. Ding, H. Guo, M. P. M. Dean, and X. Liu, Doping evolution of the charge excita- tions and electron correlations in electron-doped super- conducting La2 − xCexCuO4, npj Quantum Materials 5, 4 (2020)

    work page 2020

  54. [54]

    A. Nag, M. Zhu, M. Bejas, J. Li, H. Robarts, H. Yamase, A. Petsch, D. Song, H. Eisaki, A. Walters, et al. , Detec- tion of acoustic plasmons in hole-doped lanthanum and bismuth cuprate superconductors using resonant inelas- tic X-ray scattering, Physical Review Letters 125, 257002 (2020)

    work page 2020

  55. [55]

    E. G. Lomeli, S. Kundu, Y.-D. Chuang, Z. Zhuo, K. Chen, X. Xi, L. Shen, G. L. Dakovski, S. Gepr¨ ags, B. Moritz, et al. , Direct observation of the Lindhard con- tinuum using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.10741 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  56. [56]

    Giamarchi, Quantum physics in one dimension , Vol

    T. Giamarchi, Quantum physics in one dimension , Vol. 121 (Clarendon press, 2003)

    work page 2003

  57. [57]

    Y. Kung, C. Bazin, K. Wohlfeld, Y. Wang, C.-C. Chen, C. Jia, S. Johnston, B. Moritz, F. Mila, and T. De- vereaux, Numerically exploring the 1D-2D dimensional crossover on spin dynamics in the doped Hubbard model, Physical Review B 96, 195106 (2017)

    work page 2017

  58. [58]

    S. A. Kivelson, I. P. Bindloss, E. Fradkin, V. Oganesyan, 8 J. Tranquada, A. Kapitulnik, and C. Howald, How to detect fluctuating stripes in the high-temperature super- conductors, Reviews of Modern Physics 75, 1201 (2003)

    work page 2003

  59. [59]

    Mitrano, S

    M. Mitrano, S. Lee, A. A. Husain, L. Delacretaz, M. Zhu, G. de la Pe˜ na Munoz, S. X.-L. Sun, Y. I. Joe, A. H. Reid, S. F. Wandel, et al. , Ultrafast time-resolved x- ray scattering reveals diffusive charge order dynamics in La2− xBaxCuO4, Science Advances 5, eaax3346 (2019)

    work page 2019

  60. [60]

    Mitrano, S

    M. Mitrano, S. Lee, A. A. Husain, M. Zhu, G. d. l. P. n. Munoz, S. X.-L. Sun, Y. I. Joe, A. H. Reid, S. F. Wandel, G. Coslovich, W. Schlotter, T. van Driel, J. Schneeloch, G. D. Gu, N. Goldenfeld, and P. Abbamonte, Evidence for photoinduced sliding of the charge-order condensate in La 1. 875Ba0. 125CuO4, Physical Review B 100, 205125 (2019)

    work page 2019

  61. [61]

    Chaix, G

    L. Chaix, G. Ghiringhelli, Y. Peng, M. Hashimoto, B. Moritz, K. Kummer, N. B. Brookes, Y. He, S. Chen, S. Ishida, et al. , Dispersive charge density wave exci- tations in Bi 2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ , Nature Physics 13, 952 (2017)

    work page 2017

  62. [62]

    Lee, K.-J

    W.-S. Lee, K.-J. Zhou, M. Hepting, J. Li, A. Nag, A. Wal- ters, M. Garcia-Fernandez, H. Robarts, M. Hashimoto, H. Lu, et al. , Spectroscopic fingerprint of charge order melting driven by quantum fluctuations in a cuprate, Na- ture Physics 17, 53 (2021)

    work page 2021

  63. [63]

    J. Lin, H. Miao, D. Mazzone, G. Gu, A. Nag, A. Walters, M. Garc ´ ıa-Fern´ andez, A. Barbour, J. Pelliciari, I. Jar- rige, et al. , Strongly correlated charge density wave in La2− xSrxCuO4 evidenced by doping-dependent phonon anomaly, Physical Review Letters 124, 207005 (2020)

    work page 2020

  64. [64]

    J. Li, A. Nag, J. Pelliciari, H. Robarts, A. Walters, M. Garcia-Fernandez, H. Eisaki, D. Song, H. Ding, S. Johnston, et al. , Multiorbital charge-density wave excitations and concomitant phonon anomalies in Bi2Sr2LaCuO6+δ , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, 16219 (2020)

    work page 2020

  65. [65]

    Huang, A

    H. Huang, A. Singh, C. Mou, S. Johnston, A. Kem- per, J. van den Brink, P. Chen, T. Lee, J. Okamoto, Y. Chu, et al. , Quantum fluctuations of charge order induce phonon softening in a superconducting cuprate, Physical Review X 11, 041038 (2021)

    work page 2021

  66. [66]

    Takahashi, T

    T. Takahashi, T. Yokoya, A. Ashihara, O. Akaki, H. Fu- jisawa, A. Chainani, M. Uehara, T. Nagata, J. Akimitsu, and H. Tsunetsugu, Angle-resolved photoemission study of the ladder compound Sr 14Cu24O41, Physical Review B 56, 7870 (1997)

    work page 1997

  67. [67]

    Wohlfeld, A

    K. Wohlfeld, A. M. Ole´ s, and G. A. Sawatzky, Ori- gin of the charge density wave in coupled spin ladders in Sr 14− xCaxCu24O41, Physical Review B 75, 180501 (2007)

    work page 2007

  68. [68]

    Wohlfeld, A

    K. Wohlfeld, A. M. Ole´ s, and G. A. Sawatzky, t-J model of coupled Cu 2O5 ladders in Sr 14− xCaxCu24O41, Physi- cal Review B 81, 214522 (2010)

    work page 2010

  69. [69]

    Nicoletti, E

    D. Nicoletti, E. Casandruc, Y. Laplace, V. Khanna, C. R. Hunt, S. Kaiser, S. Dhesi, G. Gu, J. Hill, and A. Cav- alleri, Optically induced superconductivity in striped La2− xBaxCuO4 by polarization-selective excitation in the near infrared, Physical Review B 90, 100503 (2014)

    work page 2014

  70. [70]

    K. A. Cremin, J. Zhang, C. C. Homes, G. D. Gu, Z. Sun, M. M. Fogler, A. J. Millis, D. N. Basov, and R. D. Averitt, Photoenhanced metastable c-axis electrodynam- ics in stripe-ordered cuprate La 1. 885Ba0. 115CuO4, Pro- ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 19875 (2019)

    work page 2019

  71. [71]

    Y. Wang, T. Shi, and C.-C. Chen, Fluctuating nature of light-enhanced d-wave superconductivity: a time- dependent variational non-gaussian exact diagonalization study, Physical Review X 11, 041028 (2021)

    work page 2021

  72. [72]

    Dagotto, J

    E. Dagotto, J. Riera, and D. Scalapino, Superconductiv- ity in ladders and coupled planes, Physical Review B 45, 5744 (1992)

    work page 1992

  73. [73]

    Blumberg, P

    G. Blumberg, P. Littlewood, A. Gozar, B. Dennis, N. Mo- toyama, H. Eisaki, and S. Uchida, Sliding density wave in Sr14Cu24O41 ladder compounds, Science 297, 584 (2002)

    work page 2002

  74. [74]

    Vuleti´ c, B

    T. Vuleti´ c, B. Korin-Hamzi´ c, S. Tomi´ c, B. Gorshunov, P. Haas, T. Room, M. Dressel, J. Akimitsu, T. Sasaki, and T. Nagata, Suppression of the charge-density-wave state in Sr 14Cu24O41 by Calcium doping, Physical Re- view Letters 90, 257002 (2003)

    work page 2003

  75. [75]

    Murakami, S

    Y. Murakami, S. Takayoshi, T. Kaneko, Z. Sun, D. Goleˇ z, A. J. Millis, and P. Werner, Exploring nonequilibrium phases of photo-doped Mott insulators with generalized Gibbs ensembles, Communications Physics 5, 23 (2022). A light-induced charge order mode in a metastable cuprate ladder Hari Padma, 1, ∗ Prakash Sharma, 2 Sophia F. R. TenHuisen, 1, 3 Filippo...

    work page 2022

  76. [76]

    1 feature three prominent peaks

    trXAS measurements The O K-edge trXAS spectra in Fig. 1 feature three prominent peaks. Prior work [1] demonstrated that the peaks centered at 528 eV and 528.5 eV consist primarily of contribu- tions from the chain and ladder Zhang-Rice singlets, respectively, while the peak centered at 529.4 eV includes overlapping contributions from the chain and ladder ...

    work page

  77. [77]

    (also see discussion in SI Section 4 of Ref. [2]). We model the trXAS spectra as the sum of three Lorentzians and a linear function I(ω ) = L(ω ; A1, ω 01, σ 1) + L(ω ; A2, ω 02, σ 2) + L(ω ; A3, ω 03, σ 3) + aω + b, (1) where the Lorentzians L(ω ; Ai, ω 0i, σ i) describe chain ( i = 1) and ladder ( i = 2) Zhang-Rice singlet peaks, and the upper Hubbard b...

    work page

  78. [78]

    trRIXS measurements We present the full set of trRIXS spectra in Fig. S1. All trRIXS spectra presented in this manuscript are normalized to the equilibrium integrated intensity of dd and charge transfer excitations from 1.3 eV to 10 eV. To isolate spectral changes below 1 eV, we fit and subtract the dd excitations above 1.3 eV. We independently fit the equi...

    work page

  79. [79]

    Under the RPA, the loss function is given by L(q, ω ) = − Im 1 1 − V (q)χ 0(q, ω )

    RP A calculations To check whether plasmons in a system with a charge density wave (CDW) can give rise to modes near qCDW, we perform a calculation using the random phase approximation (RPA) for a two-leg ladder system. Under the RPA, the loss function is given by L(q, ω ) = − Im 1 1 − V (q)χ 0(q, ω ) . (3) We use the interaction for a layered electron ga...

    work page

  80. [80]

    DMRG calculations The minimal model for the ladder subunits of Sr 14Cu24O41 is the two-leg extended Hub- bard model [5], described by the Hamiltonian: ˆH = − t ∑ i,λ,σ ( c† i,λσ ci+1,λσ + h. c. ) − t⊥ ∑ i,σ ( c† i, 1σ ci, 2σ + h. c. ) − t′ ∑ i,σ ( c† i, 1σ ci+1, 2σ + h. c. ) + U ∑ i,λ ni,λ ↑ni,λ ↓ + V ∑ i,λ niλ ˆni+1,λ (7) where c† i,λσ (ci,λσ ) creates (...

    work page

Showing first 80 references.