Probing baryon number with missing energy

Antonio Rodr\'iguez-S\'anchez; Daniel Wendler; Gudrun Hiller

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Probing baryon number with missing energy

Gudrun Hiller, Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez, Daniel Wendler

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 17 Feb 2026

abstract compiled · 2026-10-05 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Quark portal interactions $qqqN$ with a light singlet fermion $N$ make baryon number testable through missing transverse energy (MET).

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.85 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.98 · compares with prior results 0.31 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Quark portal interactions $qqqN$ with a light singlet fermion $N$ make baryon number testable through missing transverse energy (MET). We find that present LHC data constrain scales up to 10 TeV (MET plus jet), 8 TeV (MET plus top) and 11 TeV (MET plus bjet). With increasing mass, or larger portal couplings, $N$ becomes less long-lived, and gives clean displaced vertex signatures, which encourage dedicated searches. We also narrow down viable mesogenesis models with color triplet scalars to a mass range $\sim y \,\cdot 3 \, \text{TeV}$ (with charm) and $\sim y \, \cdot 5 \, \text{TeV}$ (charmless) couplings $y$ to $b$ and lighter quarks, a window that can be scrutinized by HL-LHC. Interactions also induce rare decays of type baryon (meson) to meson (baryon) plus invisible, which complement high-$p_T$ searches and can prove baryon number violation. We explore charm decays $\Lambda_c \to (\pi,K) + \mathrm{invisible}$. Their branching ratios are subject to sizable hadronic uncertainties and require high luminosity flavor facilities such as a Tera-Z facility (FCC-ee, CEPC). Branching ratios of top quarks into one or two $b$-jets plus $N$ can reach few$\times 10^{-6}$.

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What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Quark portal interactions $qqqN$ with a light singlet fermion $N$ make baryon number testable through missing transverse energy (MET).	background 0.64	0.15	0.31	asserted 0.98
s1	We find that present LHC data constrain scales up to 10 TeV (MET plus jet), 8 TeV (MET plus top) and 11 TeV (MET plus bjet).	result 1.00	0.89	0.29	asserted 1.00
s2	With increasing mass, or larger portal couplings, $N$ becomes less long-lived, and gives clean displaced vertex signatures, which encourage dedicated searches.	result 0.54	0.61	0.08	asserted 0.94
s3	We also narrow down viable mesogenesis models with color triplet scalars to a mass range $\sim y \,\cdot 3 \, \text{TeV}$ (with charm) and $\sim y \, \cdot 5 \, \text{TeV}$ (charmless) couplings $y$ to $b$ and lighter quarks, a window that can be scrutinized by HL-LHC.	result 0.96	0.80	0.14	asserted 0.93
s4	Interactions also induce rare decays of type baryon (meson) to meson (baryon) plus invisible, which complement high-$p_T$ searches and can prove baryon number violation.	contribution 0.47	0.40	0.17	asserted 0.74
s5	We explore charm decays $\Lambda_c \to (\pi,K) + \mathrm{invisible}$.	contribution 0.95	0.72	0.04	asserted 0.75
s6	Their branching ratios are subject to sizable hadronic uncertainties and require high luminosity flavor facilities such as a Tera-Z facility (FCC-ee, CEPC).	limitation 0.54	0.21	0.04	asserted 0.98
s7	Branching ratios of top quarks into one or two $b$-jets plus $N$ can reach few$\times 10^{-6}$.	result 1.00	0.70	0.06	hedged possibility 0.66

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.94 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.88.

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The paper

Original abstract

Quark portal interactions $qqqN$ with a light singlet fermion $N$ make baryon number testable through missing transverse energy (MET). We find that present LHC data constrain scales up to 10 TeV (MET plus jet), 8 TeV (MET plus top) and 11 TeV (MET plus bjet). With increasing mass, or larger portal couplings, $N$ becomes less long-lived, and gives clean displaced vertex signatures, which encourage dedicated searches. We also narrow down viable mesogenesis models with color triplet scalars to a mass range $\sim y \,\cdot 3 \, \text{TeV}$ (with charm) and $\sim y \, \cdot 5 \, \text{TeV}$ (charmless) couplings $y$ to $b$ and lighter quarks, a window that can be scrutinized by HL-LHC. Interactions also induce rare decays of type baryon (meson) to meson (baryon) plus invisible, which complement high-$p_T$ searches and can prove baryon number violation. We explore charm decays $\Lambda_c \to (\pi,K) + \mathrm{invisible}$. Their branching ratios are subject to sizable hadronic uncertainties and require high luminosity flavor facilities such as a Tera-Z facility (FCC-ee, CEPC). Branching ratios of top quarks into one or two $b$-jets plus $N$ can reach few$\times 10^{-6}$.

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3 arXiv papers cite this in 19 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 14 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 1 paper

In passing, we have taken into account the LHC bounds on the NP scales with the associated operators we consider, derived in Ref. [ref] , which range between about $3.5$–$4$ TeV for unit Wilson coefficients in the fermion-mass range of our interest.

Searching for apparent baryon number violation in $\Lambda_c^+$ decays at the Super Tau-Charm Facility · Conclusions · 0.99

Compares with it 1 paper

Limits from hyperon decays [ref] , as well as from decays of $B$ and $D$ mesons [ref] , are much weaker than the one in Eq. ([ref]) unless $𝒪_7$ also contains strange, or heavier, quarks.

Nanohertz gravitational waves from the baryon-dark matter coincidence · Accelerators · 0.92

Cites it as background 2 papers

For probes other than $→$, such as collider constraints, see Ref. [ref] .

Blocking Mesogenesis · Introduction · 0.93
Ref. [ref] explores decays of baryons, mesons, and the top quark, focusing on the same theoretical EFT framework of quark-portal interactions as that we do here.

Searching for apparent baryon number violation in $\Lambda_c^+$ decays at the Super Tau-Charm Facility · Conclusions · 0.80

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