Observation of the jet diffusion wake using dijets in heavy ion collisions

CMS Collaboration

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Observation of the jet diffusion wake using dijets in heavy ion collisions

CMS Collaboration

Nuclear Experiment · Submitted 23 Feb 2026

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim By exploring how the dijet-hadron correlation distributions differ for various pseudorapidity separations of the two jets in the dijet, the presence of a jet diffusion wake is firmly established.

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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,820 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.06 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.90 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.97 · compares with prior results 0.86 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Energetic quarks and gluons traversing a hot and dense quark-gluon plasma deposit energy and momentum into the medium before hadronizing to collimated sprays of particles, known as jets. This energy-momentum deposition is expected to produce medium responses, collectively known as jet wakes, with ``diffusion wake'' denoting a depletion of particles in the direction opposite to the propagating jet. The diffusion wake is studied by comparing dijet-hadron correlations measured in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions. The analysis uses PbPb and pp data recorded at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. By exploring how the dijet-hadron correlation distributions differ for various pseudorapidity separations of the two jets in the dijet, the presence of a jet diffusion wake is firmly established. The diffusion wake signal has a significance greater than 5 standard deviations for charged particles in the transverse momentum range 1 $\lt$ $p_\mathrm{T}$ $\lt$ 2 GeV. The measurements are compared with various model predictions with and without jet wake effects, providing new insights into quark-gluon plasma properties and the formation of jet-induced wakes.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Energetic quarks and gluons traversing a hot and dense quark-gluon plasma deposit energy and momentum into the medium before hadronizing to collimated sprays of particles, known as jets.	background 1.00	0.04	0.02	asserted 1.00
s1	This energy-momentum deposition is expected to produce medium responses, collectively known as jet wakes, with ``diffusion wake'' denoting a depletion of particles in the direction opposite to the propagating jet.	background 1.00	0.04	0.06	hedged possibility 0.93
s2	The diffusion wake is studied by comparing dijet-hadron correlations measured in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions.	method 0.82	0.81	0.03	asserted 0.94
s3	The analysis uses PbPb and pp data recorded at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC.	method 1.00	0.86	0.02	asserted 0.98
s4	By exploring how the dijet-hadron correlation distributions differ for various pseudorapidity separations of the two jets in the dijet, the presence of a jet diffusion wake is firmly established.	result 0.81	0.94	0.84	asserted 1.00
s5	The diffusion wake signal has a significance greater than 5 standard deviations for charged particles in the transverse momentum range 1 $\lt$ $p_\mathrm{T}$ $\lt$ 2 GeV.	result 1.00	0.95	0.27	asserted 1.00
s6	The measurements are compared with various model predictions with and without jet wake effects, providing new insights into quark-gluon plasma properties and the formation of jet-induced wakes.	interpretation 0.93	0.85	0.13	asserted 0.88

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 0.64.

What was examined, and what was not

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arXiv listing abstract v3

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

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P abstract

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S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

Energetic quarks and gluons traversing a hot and dense quark-gluon plasma deposit energy and momentum into the medium before hadronizing to collimated sprays of particles, known as jets. This energy-momentum deposition is expected to produce medium responses, collectively known as jet wakes, with ``diffusion wake'' denoting a depletion of particles in the direction opposite to the propagating jet. The diffusion wake is studied by comparing dijet-hadron correlations measured in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions. The analysis uses PbPb and pp data recorded at a nucleon-nucleon (NN) center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. By exploring how the dijet-hadron correlation distributions differ for various pseudorapidity separations of the two jets in the dijet, the presence of a jet diffusion wake is firmly established. The diffusion wake signal has a significance greater than 5 standard deviations for charged particles in the transverse momentum range 1 $\lt$ $p_\mathrm{T}$ $\lt$ 2 GeV. The measurements are compared with various model predictions with and without jet wake effects, providing new insights into quark-gluon plasma properties and the formation of jet-induced wakes.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Dijet hadrochemistry: tomography of jet-induced medium excitation and diffusion wake
hep-ph 2026-10 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Dijet hadrochemistry (K/π and p/π ratios) is proposed as a tomographic probe of the jet-induced diffusion wake in quark-gluon plasma, with predicted depletion ratios exceeding p+p values.
The elliptic wind on jet wakes in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
nucl-th 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Jet wakes in noncentral heavy-ion collisions are predicted to be broader for out-of-plane than in-plane jets, and this asymmetry is proposed as a new observable sensitive to the QGP shear viscosity.

How the literature uses it

4 arXiv papers cite this in 5 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

What it cites · 25 sentences without a confident label

Uses the method or tool of 22 papers

The resulting distribution is then subtracted from , isolating the diffusion wake signal [ref] .

Rapidity asymmetry of jet-hadron correlation as a robust signal of diffusion wake induced by di-jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions · Introduction · 0.93
Jet reconstruction is performed by the anti-jet algorithm with a distance parameter of $R=0.4$, as implemented in the framework [ref] , using particles reconstructed by the particle-flow algorithm.

FastJet user manual · Introduction · 1.00
The long-range uncorrelated background is estimated from the positive region ($1.5 < < 2.5$) similar to previous jet–track correlation studies [ref] and subtracted separately for and .

Jet properties in PbPb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV · Introduction · 0.91

Cites as background 20 papers

Jet-medium interactions have long been predicted to create a Mach cone like effect in the QGP [ref] .

Collective Flow signals the Quark Gluon Plasma · Introduction · 0.87
Jet-medium interactions have long been predicted to create a Mach cone like effect in the QGP [ref] .

Sonic Mach Cones Induced by Fast Partons in a Perturbative Quark-Gluon Plasma · Introduction · 0.87
Jet-medium interactions have long been predicted to create a Mach cone like effect in the QGP [ref] .

Energy and momentum deposited into a QCD medium by a jet shower · Introduction · 0.87

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