High Energy Physics - Experiment · arXiv:2603.03250 v2 · submitted 3 Mar 2026
Search for a narrow resonance with a mass between 10 and 70 GeV decaying to a pair of photons in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV
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“No significant excess above the expected background is observed.”
from the abstract · picked out as the main claim by a classifier
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The paper
Abstract
The existence of a new spin-zero particle with a mass below the electroweak scale is predicted by several theoretical models. Searches for resonant production of photon pairs at the LHC are able to probe these models. We present a search for a narrow resonance produced through gluon fusion that decays into a pair of photons with an invariant mass between 10 and 70 GeV, using a proton-proton collision data set from the CMS experiment. This data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 54.4 fb−1, was recorded in 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using a newly introduced diphoton trigger that enabled exploration of the low-mass diphoton spectrum. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. Upper limits are set on the product of the gluon fusion production cross section and the branching fraction of the diphoton decay of a narrow resonance. An interpretation of these limits within an effective field theory framework for axion-like particles is also provided.
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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.06 · states limitation 0.40 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.23 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.66 · compares with prior results 0.13 · mentions code or data availability 0.02
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v2). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The existence of a new spin-zero particle with a mass below the electroweak scale is predicted by several theoretical models. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | asserted 0.91 |
| Searches for resonant production of photon pairs at the LHC are able to probe these models. | background 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.02 | asserted 0.83 |
| We present a search for a narrow resonance produced through gluon fusion that decays into a pair of photons with an invariant mass between 10 and 70 GeV, using a proton-proton collision data set from the CMS experiment. | contribution 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.04 | asserted 0.97 |
| This data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 54.4 fb$^{-1}$, was recorded in 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using a newly introduced diphoton trigger that enabled exploration of the low-mass diphoton spectrum. | method 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| No significant excess above the expected background is observed. | result 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.88 | asserted 1.00 |
| Upper limits are set on the product of the gluon fusion production cross section and the branching fraction of the diphoton decay of a narrow resonance. | result 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.27 | asserted 1.00 |
| An interpretation of these limits within an effective field theory framework for axion-like particles is also provided. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.05 | asserted 0.98 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 0.55
What was examined, and what was not
Sources read
- arXiv listing abstract v2
Not examined
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
Levels run
- P abstract
Not run
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
How the labels were made
Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,637 input tokens.
Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON
How the literature uses it
3 arXiv papers cite this in 13 sentences
Papers citing it · 12 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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The main ingredients entering our implementations of the CMS [ref] and ATLAS [ref] analyses are summarized below.
Axion-like particle at the 10 GeV scale: Higgs decays to wide jets and photons · Sensitivity of CMS and ATLAS low-mass diphoton searches · 0.93
What it cites · 21 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 28 papers
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The statistical analysis is performed using the profile likelihood approach in the Combine statistical tool [ref] to extract confidence intervals on the parameter of interest.
The CMS statistical analysis and combination tool: COMBINE · Results · 1.00
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The largest excess is observed at a mass hypothesis of 13.6, as presented in Fig. [ref], corresponding to a local significance [ref] of 3.5 standard deviations.
Trial factors for the look elsewhere effect in high energy physics · Results · 0.98
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Figure [ref] presents the expected and observed limits at 95% confidence level () [ref] on the gluon-fusion production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons for a narrow scalar resonance.
Confidence Level Computation for Combining Searches with Small Statistics · Results · 0.99
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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For other photons, the resolution is around 1.3% up to $η=1$, increasing to about 2.5% at $η=1.4$, and ranging 3–4% in the EE [ref] .
Performance of photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · The CMS detector and event reconstruction · 0.87
Compares with 2 papers
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A similar search has been performed by the ATLAS Collaboration using the full data set collected during 2016–2018 [ref] , reporting limits on the fiducial production cross section times branching ratio to diphotons for a scalar resonance.
Search for boosted diphoton resonances in the 10 to 70 GeV mass range using 138 fb$^{-1}$ of 13 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector · Results · 0.90
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Consistency with the results obtained by the CMS diphoton search in the mass range between 70 and 110 [ref] has been verified at 70.
Cites as background 25 papers
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Effective field theories (EFTs) for ALPs [ref] describe how the spontaneous breaking of a global $U$(1) symmetry, possibly a subgroup of a larger global symmetry $𝒢$, leads to the emergence of a massless CP-odd Nambu–Goldstone boson (NGB) in the low-energy spectrum, called axion.
ALPs Effective Field Theory and Collider Signatures · Interpretation in the context of the ALP model · 0.96
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So far, most searches for ALPs [ref] have focused on their couplings to photons, gluons, and/or quarks, as these interactions dominate at the LHC scale of energies and provide key astrophysical and cosmological constraints for very light ALPs.
New LHC bound on low-mass diphoton resonances · Introduction · 0.93
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In this paper, we interpret our results in the context of axion-like particles (ALPs), which are pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons arising from the spontaneous breaking of approximate global symmetries [ref] .
Axion Cosmology · Introduction · 0.91
Challenges and discussion
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