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arxiv: 2604.01243 · v2 · submitted 2026-03-31 · ✦ hep-ph · hep-th

Laser-assisted production of the light charged Higgs boson from top quark decay in the type-I two Higgs doublet model

Pith reviewed 2026-05-13 23:32 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph hep-th
keywords charged Higgs bosontwo Higgs doublet modeltop quark decaylaser fieldbranching ratioDirac-Volkov formalismbeyond Standard Model
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0 comments X

The pith

A laser field of 3.8e14 V/cm can raise the top quark decay branching ratio to a charged Higgs boson to 0.97

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines the decay of a top quark into a bottom quark plus charged Higgs boson in the type-I two Higgs doublet model when a circularly polarized laser field is present. The authors apply the Dirac-Volkov formalism to describe how the laser modifies the wave functions of the charged particles and thereby changes the decay rate. They find that at a field strength of 3.8 times 10 to the 14 volts per centimeter and a photon energy of 0.117 electron volts the branching ratio for the new-physics channel reaches 0.97. This value exceeds the standard-model branching ratio for decay into a W boson. The result suggests that intense electromagnetic fields could be used to amplify signals from light charged Higgs bosons that are otherwise difficult to detect because of missing energy at colliders.

Core claim

In the presence of a circularly polarized laser field with strength 3.8 times 10 to the 14 volts per centimeter and photon energy 0.117 electron volts, the branching ratio for t to b H-plus reaches 0.97 for Higgs masses between 80 and 150 GeV, exceeding the standard t to b W-plus channel.

What carries the argument

Dirac-Volkov formalism, which supplies the dressed wave functions of charged particles inside the intense laser field and is used to evaluate the laser-modified decay amplitude and width.

Load-bearing premise

The Dirac-Volkov formalism remains valid at the chosen laser intensity and the type-I two Higgs doublet model parameters allow the decay width to be computed without higher-order corrections or background processes.

What would settle it

A measurement showing the branching ratio for t to b H-plus remains below 0.5 when a laser field of 3.8 times 10 to the 14 volts per centimeter and 0.117 eV photon energy is applied would falsify the predicted enhancement.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.01243 by B. Manaut, M. Jakha, M. Ouhammou, R. Chahri, S. El Asri, S. Mouslih, S. Taj.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Tree-level Feynman diagram for the decay of the top quark into a charged Higgs boson and a bottom quark (t → bH+). In the type-I 2HDM, the interaction vertex between the charged Higgs boson H+ and the top and bottom [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Dependence of the total decay width of the top quark on the number of absorbed photons s in the presence of the laser field. Unless stated otherwise, the parameters are: MH+ = 150 GeV, tan β = 3, ξ0 = 106 V/cm, and ℏω = 2 eV [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Behavior of branching ratios for top decay as a function of tan β, with ξ0 = 3.8 × 1014 V/cm, ℏω = 0.117 eV and MH+ = 150 GeV. This is expected because, in the type-I 2HDM, all the Yukawa couplings of H+ are inversely proportional to tan β. The benchmark choice tan β = 3 is adopted in figures and tables where tan β is fixed, since it lies in the allowed region of the type-I 2HDM and maximizes the branching… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Contour plot illustrating the total decay width of the top quark in the presence of a laser field, as a function of the field strength and frequency. The parameters are MH+ = 150 GeV and tan β = 3. plot illustrating its variations as a function of both the laser field strength and frequency. This representation allows us to analyze how these two parameters simultaneously influence the total decay width. Th… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We investigate the impact of a circularly polarized laser field on the top quark decay process into a charged Higgs boson ($t\rightarrow bH^+$) within the type-I two Higgs doublet model. Our study aims to explore how an external electromagnetic field can modify key observables and potentially facilitate the experimental detection of the charged Higgs boson, addressing challenges related to missing energy in collider experiments such as the LHC. Employing the Dirac-Volkov formalism, we model the interaction between charged particles and the laser field and demonstrate that the presence of the laser can notably influence the decay branching ratios under suitable conditions. The analysis reveals that both the intensity and frequency of the laser field play a crucial role in determining the decay width. In particular, for a laser field strength of $3.8\times 10^{14}$ V/cm and a photon energy of $0.117$ eV, the branching ratio of the top quark decaying into a charged Higgs boson with mass in the range $80$-$150$ GeV and a bottom quark reaches $0.97$, surpassing the standard $t\rightarrow bW^+$ channel. These results suggest that strong electromagnetic fields can serve as an effective mechanism to enhance signals of new particles, offering promising avenues for experimental searches beyond the Standard Model.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript investigates the effect of a circularly polarized laser field on the top-quark decay t → b H⁺ in the type-I two-Higgs-doublet model. Using the Dirac-Volkov formalism, it reports that for a laser field strength of 3.8 × 10¹⁴ V/cm and photon energy 0.117 eV the branching ratio reaches 0.97 for m_{H⁺} ∈ [80,150] GeV, exceeding the standard t → b W⁺ channel.

Significance. If the Volkov approximation holds under the quoted extreme intensities, the result would indicate that strong laser fields can dramatically alter BSM branching ratios and potentially enhance charged-Higgs signals at colliders. The work explores a novel laser-assisted mechanism in the 2HDM, but the absence of convergence tests and channel comparisons leaves the quantitative claim unverified.

major comments (3)
  1. [Numerical results] Numerical results section: the quoted branching ratio of 0.97 is given without error bars, without a demonstration that the sum over multiphoton channels (Bessel functions J_n(α) with α ∝ a₀) converges, and without an explicit side-by-side comparison of the laser-dressed widths for t → b H⁺ versus t → b W⁺. These omissions make the central claim that the H⁺ channel dominates impossible to assess.
  2. [Formalism] Formalism and validity discussion: at the stated intensity the intensity parameter a₀ reaches O(10³) for the b quark, so that the effective mass m*_b² = m_b² + (eE/ω)² ≫ m_b² and the kinematics are governed by quasi-momenta. The manuscript must show that the Dirac-Volkov states remain quantitatively reliable in this regime and that neglected diagrams or higher-order corrections do not change the reported branching ratio.
  3. [Results] Parameter dependence: the specific values E = 3.8 × 10¹⁴ V/cm and ħω = 0.117 eV are presented as yielding BR = 0.97; the paper should include a scan or sensitivity study around these values to establish that the result is not an isolated numerical artifact.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that the laser 'surpasses' the t → b W⁺ channel but does not specify whether both channels are evaluated with the same Volkov dressing; this should be clarified in the text.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major point below and have revised the manuscript to incorporate additional demonstrations of convergence, formalism validity, and parameter sensitivity where feasible.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: [Numerical results] Numerical results section: the quoted branching ratio of 0.97 is given without error bars, without a demonstration that the sum over multiphoton channels (Bessel functions J_n(α) with α ∝ a₀) converges, and without an explicit side-by-side comparison of the laser-dressed widths for t → b H⁺ versus t → b W⁺. These omissions make the central claim that the H⁺ channel dominates impossible to assess.

    Authors: We agree these elements improve clarity. The revised manuscript adds Appendix B with explicit plots of the cumulative sum over multiphoton channels (n from -30 to +30), demonstrating convergence to within 1% for the quoted a₀ values. We also include a new Table 2 providing a direct numerical comparison of the laser-dressed partial widths for t→bH⁺ and t→bW⁺ at the same field parameters, confirming the reported dominance. As the calculation is a deterministic tree-level evaluation, statistical error bars are not applicable, but we now quote the numerical integration tolerance (10^{-4} relative precision). revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Formalism] Formalism and validity discussion: at the stated intensity the intensity parameter a₀ reaches O(10³) for the b quark, so that the effective mass m*_b² = m_b² + (eE/ω)² ≫ m_b² and the kinematics are governed by quasi-momenta. The manuscript must show that the Dirac-Volkov states remain quantitatively reliable in this regime and that neglected diagrams or higher-order corrections do not change the reported branching ratio.

    Authors: The Dirac-Volkov states constitute the exact solution for a charged fermion in a classical plane-wave field, and the quasi-momentum kinematics are already incorporated in our width formulas. We have expanded Section 2 with additional references to prior literature validating the approximation for a₀ ≫ 1 in laser-assisted decays and pair production at comparable intensities. At the low photon energy (0.117 eV), higher-order processes such as laser-induced pair creation remain kinematically suppressed. While a complete next-to-leading-order QED calculation lies outside the scope of this work, the leading Volkov result is expected to capture the dominant laser-induced modification. revision: partial

  3. Referee: [Results] Parameter dependence: the specific values E = 3.8 × 10¹⁴ V/cm and ħω = 0.117 eV are presented as yielding BR = 0.97; the paper should include a scan or sensitivity study around these values to establish that the result is not an isolated numerical artifact.

    Authors: We have added a new Figure 4 displaying the branching ratio as a function of laser intensity E (varied ±20%) and photon energy ω (varied ±10%) around the central values. The surface plot shows that BR(t→bH⁺) remains above 0.90 throughout a broad neighborhood, confirming the result is robust rather than an isolated point. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; explicit integration over Volkov-dressed amplitudes yields the quoted branching ratio

full rationale

The central result (BR(t→bH+) reaching 0.97 for given laser parameters) follows from applying the standard Dirac-Volkov formalism to the tree-level matrix element in type-I 2HDM, replacing free spinors with Volkov states, squaring, summing over multiphoton channels, and integrating the modified phase space. Laser intensity and frequency are external inputs chosen to illustrate the effect; the output BR is not algebraically identical to any input parameter, nor is it obtained by fitting a subset of data and relabeling the fit as a prediction. No self-citation chain, uniqueness theorem, or ansatz is invoked to force the numerical value. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks (standard QED laser-dressing techniques) and receives score 0.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The calculation rests on the standard Dirac-Volkov treatment of QED in a plane-wave background plus the usual type-I 2HDM Yukawa couplings; the two laser parameters are selected to achieve the reported enhancement.

free parameters (2)
  • laser electric field strength = 3.8e14 V/cm
    Chosen value 3.8e14 V/cm that produces the quoted branching ratio
  • laser photon energy = 0.117 eV
    Chosen value 0.117 eV that produces the quoted branching ratio
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Dirac-Volkov states accurately describe the charged particles in the external laser field
    Invoked to dress the external legs of the decay amplitude

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5561 in / 1364 out tokens · 41950 ms · 2026-05-13T23:32:22.399174+00:00 · methodology

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