REVIEW 2 major objections 2 minor 1 cited by
A GBZ transformation yields a quasi-reciprocal Hamiltonian whose periodic-boundary physics matches the open-boundary behavior of an interacting non-Hermitian model.
Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →
T0 review · grok-4.3
2026-06-28 08:34 UTC pith:IHRP2ZFF
load-bearing objection The paper gives a workable numerical route for many-body non-Hermitian systems via a GBZ-transformed quasi-reciprocal model, but the central mapping is asserted without the direct spectral comparisons needed to confirm it survives interactions. the 2 major comments →
Many-Body Non-Hermitian Physics in the Generalized Brillouin Zone
The pith
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
Based on a GBZ transformation, a quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian can be constructed which, under periodic boundary conditions, captures the physics of the original non-Hermitian model under open boundary conditions. The topological properties in the interacting non-Hermitian system are encoded in the entanglement spectrum of the quasi-reciprocal model.
What carries the argument
The GBZ transformation that converts the non-Hermitian model into a quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian studied under periodic boundaries.
Load-bearing premise
The generalized Brillouin zone transformation developed for non-interacting systems applies unchanged to interacting many-body models when the GBZ remains circular.
What would settle it
Direct numerical comparison in which the energy levels, correlation functions, or entanglement spectrum of the quasi-reciprocal periodic Hamiltonian fail to match the open-boundary spectrum of the original non-Hermitian model at the same parameters.
If this is right
- The phase diagram is obtained by computing the Zak phase and the charge-density-wave structure factor via exact diagonalization under periodic boundaries.
- Degeneracy of the low-lying entanglement spectrum labels each phase in the diagram.
- Topological properties of the interacting non-Hermitian system become accessible through standard periodic-boundary calculations on the transformed Hamiltonian.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- The same mapping may extend to other interacting non-Hermitian models provided their GBZ is circular.
- Models with non-circular GBZs would require checking whether additional corrections are needed.
- The approach supplies a concrete route for computing many-body invariants without explicit open-boundary simulations.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript claims that for an interacting non-Hermitian model with circular GBZ, a GBZ transformation can be used to construct a quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian. Under PBC this Hamiltonian reproduces the OBC physics (including spectrum and eigenstates) of the original non-Hermitian interacting system. Exact diagonalization on the quasi-reciprocal model is used to obtain a phase diagram from the Zak phase and CDW structure factor; the degeneracy pattern of the low-lying entanglement spectrum is shown to label each phase.
Significance. If the mapping holds without interaction-dependent corrections, the construction supplies a concrete route to many-body non-Hermitian physics that re-uses standard PBC numerics and entanglement diagnostics. The numerical extraction of Zak phase, CDW order, and entanglement spectrum on the transformed model is a tangible contribution that could be extended to other circular-GBZ models.
major comments (2)
- [GBZ transformation and construction of the quasi-reciprocal Hamiltonian] The central mapping asserts that the single-particle GBZ similarity transformation extends unmodified to the interacting regime. No derivation or explicit check is supplied to exclude interaction-induced renormalization of the GBZ radius or effective non-reciprocity; the construction therefore rests on an untested assumption that is load-bearing for the claim that the quasi-reciprocal PBC Hamiltonian captures the original OBC physics.
- [Numerical results and phase diagram] ED results (Zak phase, CDW structure factor, entanglement spectrum) are reported exclusively for the quasi-reciprocal model. No side-by-side comparison of low-lying eigenvalues, order parameters, or eigenstate overlaps between the original non-Hermitian OBC system and the transformed PBC system on identical finite-size lattices is presented, leaving the mapping unvalidated.
minor comments (2)
- [Model definition] The model Hamiltonian (hopping amplitudes, interaction strength, non-reciprocity parameter) should be written explicitly in the main text rather than referenced only by name.
- [Figures] Figure captions for the phase diagram and entanglement spectra should state the system sizes used and the precise definition of the entanglement cut.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments. We address the two major points below and will revise the manuscript to strengthen the derivation of the mapping and provide direct numerical validation.
read point-by-point responses
-
Referee: [GBZ transformation and construction of the quasi-reciprocal Hamiltonian] The central mapping asserts that the single-particle GBZ similarity transformation extends unmodified to the interacting regime. No derivation or explicit check is supplied to exclude interaction-induced renormalization of the GBZ radius or effective non-reciprocity; the construction therefore rests on an untested assumption that is load-bearing for the claim that the quasi-reciprocal PBC Hamiltonian captures the original OBC physics.
Authors: We agree that an explicit derivation is required. In the revised manuscript we will add a dedicated subsection deriving the many-body quasi-reciprocal Hamiltonian. For the circular-GBZ class the similarity transformation is a uniform rescaling of all hoppings that commutes with density-density interactions; consequently the GBZ radius remains interaction-independent and no renormalization of non-reciprocity appears. This property follows directly from the single-particle GBZ equation being unchanged by the interaction term. revision: yes
-
Referee: [Numerical results and phase diagram] ED results (Zak phase, CDW structure factor, entanglement spectrum) are reported exclusively for the quasi-reciprocal model. No side-by-side comparison of low-lying eigenvalues, order parameters, or eigenstate overlaps between the original non-Hermitian OBC system and the transformed PBC system on identical finite-size lattices is presented, leaving the mapping unvalidated.
Authors: We accept that direct validation is necessary. In the revision we will include finite-size benchmarks (L=4 and L=6) comparing the original non-Hermitian OBC spectrum, CDW structure factor, and eigenstate overlaps with the corresponding quantities of the quasi-reciprocal PBC Hamiltonian. These comparisons will be added as a new figure and accompanying text. revision: yes
Circularity Check
No significant circularity; derivation relies on external GBZ extension and direct ED
full rationale
The central construction applies the known single-particle GBZ transformation (cited as prior non-interacting work) to define a quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian, then computes its phase diagram, Zak phase, CDW structure factor, and entanglement spectrum via exact diagonalization on that Hamiltonian. No equation reduces a claimed prediction to a fitted input by construction, no load-bearing uniqueness theorem is imported from the same authors, and the mapping is not self-definitional. The reported results are therefore independent numerical outputs on the transformed model rather than tautological restatements of inputs.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
axioms (3)
- standard math Exact diagonalization yields exact eigenstates and eigenvalues for finite-size systems.
- domain assumption Zak phase and CDW structure factor remain valid order parameters after the GBZ transformation.
- domain assumption Degeneracy pattern in the low-lying entanglement spectrum distinguishes topological phases.
invented entities (1)
-
quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian
no independent evidence
read the original abstract
The breakdown of conventional bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) in non-Hermitian system can be resolved by the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ) theory. However, extending the GBZ theory to interacting many-body systems remains an open problem. Here, we consider an interacting non-Hermitian model characterized by a circular GBZ. We show that, based on a GBZ transformation, a quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian can be constructed which, under periodic boundary conditions (PBC), captures the physics of the original non-Hermitian model under open boundary conditions (OBC). Using exact diagonalization (ED), we determine the phase diagram for the quasi-reciprocal many-body Hamiltonian by computing the Zak phase and the structure factor of the charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. We further investigate the entanglement properties and find that the degeneracy of the low-lying entanglement spectrum characterizes each phase in the phase diagram. These findings demonstrate that the topological properties in interacting non-Hermitian system is encoded in the entanglement spectrum of the quasi-reciprocal model. Our work establishes a route to studying many-body non-Hermitian physics within the GBZ formalism.
Figures
Forward citations
Cited by 1 Pith paper
-
Enhancement of charge correlations and real-space topological marker on an interacting non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
In the interacting non-Hermitian SSH model the real-space topological marker remains robust while non-Hermiticity amplifies staggered charge correlations near exceptional points under open boundary conditions.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
Ashida, Z
Y. Ashida, Z. Gong, and M. Ueda, Advances in Physics 69, 249 (2020)
2020
-
[2]
E. J. Bergholtz, J. C. Budich, and F. K. Kunst, Rev. Mod. Phys.93, 015005 (2021)
2021
-
[3]
X. Zhang, T. Zhang, M.-H. Lu, and Y.-F. Chen, Advances in Physics: X7, 2109431 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2109431
-
[4]
Okuma and M
N. Okuma and M. Sato, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics14, 83 (2023)
2023
-
[5]
K. Yang, Z. Li, J. L. K. K¨ onig, L. Rødland, M. St˚ alhammar, and E. J. Bergholtz, Reports on Progress in Physics87, 078002 (2024)
2024
-
[6]
J. T. Gohsrich, A. Banerjee, and F. K. Kunst, Euro- physics Letters150, 60001 (2025)
2025
-
[8]
S. Yao, F. Song, and Z. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.121, 136802 (2018)
2018
-
[9]
F. K. Kunst, E. Edvardsson, J. C. Budich, and E. J. Bergholtz, Phys. Rev. Lett.121, 026808 (2018)
2018
-
[10]
Z. Gong, Y. Ashida, K. Kawabata, K. Takasan, S. Hi- gashikawa, and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. X8, 031079 (2018)
2018
-
[11]
C. H. Lee and R. Thomale, Phys. Rev. B99, 201103 (2019)
2019
-
[12]
Okuma, K
N. Okuma, K. Kawabata, K. Shiozaki, and M. Sato, Phys. Rev. Lett.124, 086801 (2020)
2020
-
[13]
T. E. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett.116, 133903 (2016)
2016
-
[14]
Xiong, Journal of Physics Communications2, 035043 (2018)
Y. Xiong, Journal of Physics Communications2, 035043 (2018)
2018
-
[15]
M. Z. Hasan and C. L. Kane, Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 3045 (2010)
2010
-
[16]
Qi and S.-C
X.-L. Qi and S.-C. Zhang, Rev. Mod. Phys.83, 1057 (2011)
2011
-
[18]
Z. Yang, K. Zhang, C. Fang, and J. Hu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 226402 (2020)
2020
-
[19]
Zhang, Z
K. Zhang, Z. Yang, and C. Fang, Nature Communica- tions13, 2496 (2022)
2022
-
[20]
Jiang and C
H. Jiang and C. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett.131, 076401 (2023)
2023
-
[21]
H.-Y. Wang, F. Song, and Z. Wang, Phys. Rev. X14, 021011 (2024)
2024
-
[22]
Hu, Science Bulletin70, 51 (2025)
H. Hu, Science Bulletin70, 51 (2025)
2025
-
[23]
S. Mu, C. H. Lee, L. Li, and J. Gong, Phys. Rev. B102, 081115 (2020)
2020
-
[24]
Zhang, Y.-L
D.-W. Zhang, Y.-L. Chen, G.-Q. Zhang, L.-J. Lang, Z. Li, and S.-L. Zhu, Phys. Rev. B101, 235150 (2020)
2020
-
[25]
Xu and S
Z. Xu and S. Chen, Phys. Rev. B102, 035153 (2020)
2020
-
[26]
T. Liu, J. J. He, T. Yoshida, Z.-L. Xiang, and F. Nori, Phys. Rev. B102, 235151 (2020)
2020
-
[27]
Zhang, M
S.-B. Zhang, M. M. Denner, T. c. v. Bzduˇ sek, M. A. Sentef, and T. Neupert, Phys. Rev. B106, L121102 (2022)
2022
-
[28]
Kawabata, K
K. Kawabata, K. Shiozaki, and S. Ryu, Phys. Rev. B 105, 165137 (2022)
2022
-
[29]
Lu and G
C.-Z. Lu and G. Sun, Phys. Rev. A109, 042208 (2024)
2024
-
[30]
Qin and L
Y. Qin and L. Li, Phys. Rev. Lett.132, 096501 (2024)
2024
-
[31]
Shimomura and M
K. Shimomura and M. Sato, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 136502 (2024)
2024
-
[32]
R. Shen, F. Qin, J.-Y. Desaules, Z. Papi´ c, and C. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 216601 (2024)
2024
-
[33]
Wang and L
Y.-A. Wang and L. Li, Chinese Physics Letters42, 037301 (2025)
2025
-
[35]
Alsallom, L
F. Alsallom, L. Herviou, O. V. Yazyev, and M. Brzezi´ nska, Phys. Rev. Res.4, 033122 (2022)
2022
-
[36]
Gliozzi, G
J. Gliozzi, G. De Tomasi, and T. L. Hughes, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 136503 (2024)
2024
-
[37]
Hamanaka and K
S. Hamanaka and K. Kawabata, Phys. Rev. B111, 035144 (2025)
2025
-
[39]
Non-bloch self-energy of dissipative interacting fermions,
H.-R. Wang, Z. Wang, and Z. Wang, “Non-bloch self-energy of dissipative interacting fermions,” (2024), arXiv:2411.13661 [quant-ph]
-
[40]
Amico, R
L. Amico, R. Fazio, A. Osterloh, and V. Vedral, Rev. Mod. Phys.80, 517 (2008)
2008
-
[41]
Eisert, M
J. Eisert, M. Cramer, and M. B. Plenio, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 277 (2010)
2010
-
[44]
E. Lee, H. Lee, and B.-J. Yang, Phys. Rev. B101, 121109 (2020)
2020
-
[45]
L.-M. Chen, S. A. Chen, and P. Ye, SciPost Phys.11, 3 (2021)
2021
-
[46]
Okuma and M
N. Okuma and M. Sato, Phys. Rev. B103, 085428 (2021)
2021
-
[47]
B´ acsi and B
A. B´ acsi and B. D´ ora, Phys. Rev. B103, 085137 (2021)
2021
-
[48]
Modak and B
R. Modak and B. P. Mandal, Phys. Rev. A103, 062416 (2021)
2021
-
[50]
W. Chen, L. Peng, H. Lu, and X. Lu, Phys. Rev. B105, 075126 (2022)
2022
-
[51]
C. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 010402 (2022)
2022
-
[52]
Tu, Y.-C
Y.-T. Tu, Y.-C. Tzeng, and P.-Y. Chang, SciPost Phys. 12, 194 (2022)
2022
-
[53]
L.-M. Chen, Y. Zhou, S. A. Chen, and P. Ye, Phys. Rev. B105, L121115 (2022)
2022
-
[54]
Fossati, F
M. Fossati, F. Ares, and P. Calabrese, Phys. Rev. B107, 205153 (2023)
2023
-
[55]
Kawabata, T
K. Kawabata, T. Numasawa, and S. Ryu, Phys. Rev. X 13, 021007 (2023)
2023
-
[56]
X. Feng, S. Liu, S. Chen, and W. Guo, Phys. Rev. B 107, 094309 (2023)
2023
-
[57]
Excep- tional entanglement in non-hermitian fermionic models,
W.-Z. Yi, Y.-J. Hai, R. Xiao, and W.-Q. Chen, “Excep- tional entanglement in non-hermitian fermionic models,” (2023), arXiv:2304.08609 [quant-ph]
-
[58]
Negative su- perinflating bipartite fluctuations near exceptional points inPT-symmetric models,
W. Pan, X. Wang, H. Lin, and S. Hu, “Negative su- perinflating bipartite fluctuations near exceptional points inPT-symmetric models,” (2023), arXiv:2304.10368 [cond-mat.mes-hall]
-
[59]
Hsieh and P.-Y
C.-T. Hsieh and P.-Y. Chang, SciPost Phys. Core6, 062 (2023)
2023
-
[60]
Orito and K.-I
T. Orito and K.-I. Imura, Phys. Rev. B108, 214308 6 (2023)
2023
-
[61]
Y. L. Gal, X. Turkeshi, and M. Schir` o, SciPost Phys. 14, 138 (2023)
2023
-
[62]
Li, X.-J
S.-Z. Li, X.-J. Yu, and Z. Li, Phys. Rev. B109, 024306 (2024)
2024
-
[63]
Zhou, Phys
L. Zhou, Phys. Rev. B109, 024204 (2024)
2024
-
[64]
Z.-C. Liu, K. Li, and Y. Xu, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 090401 (2024)
2024
-
[65]
Y.-P. Wang, C. Fang, and J. Ren, Phys. Rev. B110, 035113 (2024)
2024
-
[66]
L.-M. Chen, Y. Zhou, S. A. Chen, and P. Ye, Chinese Physics Letters41, 127302 (2024)
2024
-
[67]
Li and F
H. Li and F. D. M. Haldane, Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 010504 (2008)
2008
-
[68]
Sayyad, J
S. Sayyad, J. Yu, A. G. Grushin, and L. M. Sieberer, Phys. Rev. Res.3, 033022 (2021)
2021
-
[69]
Ortega-Taberner, L
C. Ortega-Taberner, L. Rødland, and M. Hermanns, Phys. Rev. B105, 075103 (2022)
2022
-
[70]
Bayona-Pena, R
P. Bayona-Pena, R. Hanai, T. Mori, and H. Hayakawa, Phys. Rev. B111, L140303 (2025)
2025
-
[71]
Lieu, Phys
S. Lieu, Phys. Rev. B97, 045106 (2018)
2018
-
[73]
Templates for the solution of al- gebraic eigenvalue problems: A practical guide,
Z. Bai, J. Demmel, J. Dongarra, A. Ruhe, and H. van der Vorst, eds., “Templates for the solution of al- gebraic eigenvalue problems: A practical guide,” (SIAM, Philadelphia, 2000) Chap. 7, pp. 149–231
2000
-
[76]
W. C. Yu, Y. C. Li, P. D. Sacramento, and H.-Q. Lin, Phys. Rev. B94, 245123 (2016)
2016
-
[77]
X.-J. Yu, S. Yang, H.-Q. Lin, and S.-K. Jian, Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 026601 (2024)
2024
-
[78]
Ye, L.-Z
B.-T. Ye, L.-Z. Mu, and H. Fan, Phys. Rev. B94, 165167 (2016)
2016
-
[79]
arti- ficial
C. H. Lee, L. Li, R. Thomale, and J. Gong, Phys. Rev. B102, 085151 (2020). Supplemental Material for: Many-body non-Hermitian Physics in the Generalized Brillouin Zone Chaoze Lu, 1 Chuanshu Xu, 1 Zhenghao Yang, 1 and Xiancong Lu 1,∗ 1Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China I. QUASI-RECIPROCAL HAMIL TONIAN A. Similarity T ransformati...
2020
-
[80]
Yao and Z
S. Yao and Z. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.121, 086803 (2018)
2018
-
[81]
Yokomizo and S
K. Yokomizo and S. Murakami, Phys. Rev. Lett.123, 066404 (2019)
2019
-
[82]
Chang, J.-S
P.-Y. Chang, J.-S. You, X. Wen, and S. Ryu, Phys. Rev. Research2, 033069 (2020)
2020
-
[83]
Herviou, N
L. Herviou, N. Regnault, and J. H. Bardarson, SciPost Physics7, 069 (2019)
2019
-
[84]
Guo, Y.-C
Y.-B. Guo, Y.-C. Yu, R.-Z. Huang, L.-P. Yang, R.-Z. Chi, H.-J. Liao, and T. Xiang, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter33, 475502 (2021)
2021
-
[85]
Z. Yang, C. Lu, and X. Lu, Phys. Rev. B110, 235127 (2024)
2024
-
[86]
C. H. Lee, L. Li, R. Thomale, and J. Gong, Phys. Rev. B102, 085151 (2020)
2020
-
[87]
Zhou, J.-S
X. Zhou, J.-S. Pan, and S. Jia, Phys. Rev. B107, 054105 (2023)
2023
-
[88]
Zhong, W
P. Zhong, W. Pan, H. Lin, X. Wang, and S. Hu, Phys. Rev. Lett.135, 106502 (2025)
2025
-
[89]
Sirker, M
J. Sirker, M. Maiti, N. P. Konstantinidis, and N. Sedl- mayr, Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Ex- periment2014, P10032 (2014)
2014
-
[90]
P. B. Melo, S. a. A. S. J´ unior, W. Chen, R. Mondaini, and T. Paiva, Phys. Rev. B108, 195151 (2023)
2023
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.