pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.03563 · v1 · pith:YMBLNEE4new · submitted 2026-06-02 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.mes-hall

Reversible Superdense Ordering of Tetragonal Lithium in a Layered Material

Natalie L. Williams , Stephen D. Funni , Sihun Lee , Drake Niedzielski , Mingjia Fang , Josh Leeman , Ratnadwip Singha , Saif Siddique
show 9 more authors
Tyler Hendee Shiyu Xu Jeffrey Kaaret Giovanni Sartorello Nicole A. Benedek Leslie M. Schoop Lynden A. Archer Tom\'as A. Arias Judy J. Cha
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-28 09:19 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
keywords lithium intercalationLaTe3superdense lithiumtetragonal phasevan der Waals gapSTEMreversible orderingenergy storage
0
0 comments X

The pith

At Li3LaTe3 a reversible three-layer tetragonal lithium phase occupies the van der Waals gap of LaTe3.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper tracks lithium intercalation into LaTe3 across the full composition range using multimodal scanning transmission electron microscopy performed inside an operating all-solid-state electrochemical cell. Three distinct ordered phases appear as lithium content increases from x=1/3 to x=3, accompanied by in-plane strains up to 5 percent. At the highest loading the interlayer space hosts an unexpected three-layer superdense lithium arrangement that adopts tetragonal symmetry and returns to the original state when lithium is removed. A reader would care because the ability to pack and cycle lithium at such high density directly limits how much charge layered electrode materials can hold.

Core claim

Integration of imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction within a single in-situ STEM experiment on LaTe3 shows that Li3LaTe3 contains a new three-layer superdense lithium phase with tetragonal symmetry inside the van der Waals gap; this phase is fully reversible upon electrochemical cycling.

What carries the argument

Multimodal STEM that simultaneously records atomic-resolution images, elemental maps, and diffraction patterns inside an operating electrochemical cell to locate and identify lithium atoms.

If this is right

  • Lithium ordering in layered hosts can reach x=3 with a tetragonal rather than hexagonal arrangement.
  • The superdense phase sits in the van der Waals gap and can be inserted and extracted repeatedly without loss of reversibility.
  • In-plane lattice expansion reaches 5 percent as the ordered phases form.
  • Complete lithium ordering sequences can now be followed in real time with one experimental platform.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same multimodal approach could be applied to other van der Waals tellurides or selenides to search for analogous superdense phases.
  • The tetragonal symmetry may change lithium jump barriers relative to the more common hexagonal stacking.
  • Device-level cycling tests would reveal whether the high lithium density improves usable capacity in a full cell.

Load-bearing premise

The combined imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction signals unambiguously locate the lithium atoms and confirm the tetragonal symmetry without being produced by beam damage or overlapping signals.

What would settle it

A neutron or synchrotron diffraction measurement on bulk Li3LaTe3 that shows no tetragonal reflections attributable to a three-layer interlayer lithium arrangement would disprove the phase.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.03563 by Drake Niedzielski, Giovanni Sartorello, Jeffrey Kaaret, Josh Leeman, Judy J. Cha, Leslie M. Schoop, Lynden A. Archer, Mingjia Fang, Natalie L. Williams, Nicole A. Benedek, Ratnadwip Singha, Saif Siddique, Shiyu Xu, Sihun Lee, Stephen D. Funni, Tom\'as A. Arias, Tyler Hendee.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Lithiated phases of LaTe3. Virtual dark field images of the flake from the 4D-STEM datasets corresponding to the pristine (A) and Li-intercalated phases (B–D). Scale bar: 2 µm [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: In-situ Raman characterization and galvanostatic discharge of LaTe3 during lithiation. (A) Optical images of a LaTe3 flake under polymer electrolyte. The white circle marks the Raman collection spot for all spectra. Colored borders correspond to select spectra in (B). Scale bar: 10 µm. (B) In-situ Raman spectra of LaTe3 with distinct lithiated phases shown in purple, red, and green. (C) Galvanostatic disch… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Strain in pristine and intercalated LaTe3. Representative strain maps along the c￾direction (A–D) and a-direction (E–H). The average lattice from the membrane hole region of the pristine flake is used as the zero-strain reference for all maps. Note that: in (B, F) the lower portion of the flake and membrane hole areas have transitioned to Phase 1 while the remainder of the flake is in the pristine state; i… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Understanding lithium (Li) ordering and dynamics is foundational in energy storage. X-ray based experimental methods do not simultaneously provide atomic structure information together with chemical composition and local bonding information for lithium in solids. Here we employ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and combine imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction within a single experiment, to observe, in situ, an all-solid-state electrochemical cell. By integrating multimodal STEM with other complementary techniques, we report a complete mapping of lithium intercalation in a layered system, LaTe3. We identify three ordered phases of LixLaTe3 with x ranging from 1/3 to 3 with in-plane strain of up to 5%. At a very high lithium concentration of Li3LaTe3, we discover an unexpected three-layer, superdense lithium phase with tetragonal symmetry occupying the van der Waals gap. This represents a new Li phase that is reversible. Our multimodal approach thus enables complete tracking of lithium ordering and dynamics, important for next-generation energy storage applications.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports an in-situ multimodal STEM study (HAADF/ABF imaging, EELS/EDX spectroscopy, and diffraction) of lithium intercalation in an all-solid-state electrochemical cell based on layered LaTe3. It identifies three ordered LixLaTe3 phases (x ranging from 1/3 to 3) with up to 5% in-plane strain and claims the discovery, at x=3, of a reversible three-layer superdense lithium phase with tetragonal symmetry occupying the van der Waals gap.

Significance. If the phase identification holds after artifact controls, the result would be significant for energy-storage research by demonstrating a new, high-concentration Li ordering motif and by showing that combined STEM modalities can track Li positions and dynamics at the atomic scale in an operating cell. The integration of multiple signals within a single in-situ experiment is a methodological strength.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract / multimodal experiment description] Abstract and multimodal-experiment paragraph: the claim that the combined HAADF/ABF, EELS/EDX, and diffraction signals unambiguously locate Li atoms in a three-layer tetragonal arrangement at x=3 rests on unshown quantitative controls; no dose-series data, simulated diffraction patterns for artifact models, or explicit discussion of beam-damage products versus the reported ordering is supplied, which is load-bearing for the central identification of a new reversible Li phase.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: the reported in-plane strain of up to 5% and the three ordered phases lack accompanying error bars, measurement method, or tabulated values, preventing assessment of whether the strain distinguishes the tetragonal phase from possible projection overlaps or electrolyte residues.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that X-ray methods cannot simultaneously provide atomic structure, composition, and bonding information, but does not cite specific prior X-ray work on LaTe3 or related layered tellurides for context.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading and constructive comments on our manuscript. The points raised highlight important aspects of experimental rigor that we will address in revision. We respond to each major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract / multimodal experiment description] Abstract and multimodal-experiment paragraph: the claim that the combined HAADF/ABF, EELS/EDX, and diffraction signals unambiguously locate Li atoms in a three-layer tetragonal arrangement at x=3 rests on unshown quantitative controls; no dose-series data, simulated diffraction patterns for artifact models, or explicit discussion of beam-damage products versus the reported ordering is supplied, which is load-bearing for the central identification of a new reversible Li phase.

    Authors: We agree that the manuscript as submitted does not include the requested quantitative controls. In the revised version we will add (i) dose-series data acquired on the same regions to demonstrate stability of the observed ordering under the imaging conditions used, (ii) multislice simulated diffraction patterns for the proposed three-layer tetragonal Li model together with alternative artifact models (projection overlaps, electrolyte residues, and beam-induced disorder), and (iii) an explicit discussion section comparing possible beam-damage signatures to the reversible, concentration-dependent ordering we report. These additions will be referenced from the abstract and methods. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the reported in-plane strain of up to 5% and the three ordered phases lack accompanying error bars, measurement method, or tabulated values, preventing assessment of whether the strain distinguishes the tetragonal phase from possible projection overlaps or electrolyte residues.

    Authors: We accept this criticism. The revised manuscript will include (i) a clear description of the strain measurement protocol (lattice-parameter extraction from calibrated diffraction patterns cross-validated with atomic-column positions in HAADF images), (ii) tabulated strain values for each of the three phases together with standard deviations derived from multiple regions and independent measurements, and (iii) explicit comparison showing that the measured strains exceed those expected from projection or residue artifacts. Error bars will also be added to the abstract where space permits or noted as supplementary information. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely observational experimental report with no derivation chain or fitted predictions

full rationale

The paper is an experimental report on in-situ STEM multimodal imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction of lithium intercalation in LaTe3. It identifies ordered phases and a new tetragonal Li phase at x=3 based on observed contrast changes, spectral maps, and diffraction patterns. No equations, first-principles derivations, parameter fits, or predictions are present that could reduce to inputs by construction. No self-citation chains or ansatzes are invoked to support any claimed result. The central claim rests on direct experimental signals rather than any self-referential logic, consistent with the reader's assessment of score 0.0. The skeptic's concerns address potential experimental artifacts and signal interpretation but do not indicate circularity in any derivation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The work is experimental observation rather than theoretical derivation. No free parameters are introduced. No new entities are postulated; the tetragonal phase is reported as observed. Standard assumptions of electron microscopy (e.g., interpretability of HAADF contrast for heavy atoms, minimal beam damage) are implicit but not enumerated as ad-hoc axioms.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5788 in / 1170 out tokens · 16380 ms · 2026-06-28T09:19:43.225998+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

41 extracted references

  1. [1]

    N. A. Cañas, P. Einsiedel, O. T. Freitag, C. Heim, M. Steinhauer, D.-W. Park, K. A. Friedrich, Operando X-ray diffraction during battery cycling at elevated temperatures: A quantitative analysis of lithium-graphite intercalation compounds. Carbon 116, 255–263 (2017)

    2017

  2. [2]

    X. Yu, Y. Lyu, L. Gu, H. Wu, S.-M. Bak, Y. Zhou, K. Amine, S. N. Ehrlich, H. Li, K.-W. Nam, X.-Q. Yang, Understanding the Rate Capability of High-Energy-Density Li-Rich Layered Li1.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O2 Cathode Materials. Advanced Energy Materials 4, 1300950 (2014)

    2014

  3. [3]

    Mukai, T

    K. Mukai, T. Uyama, T. Inoue, H. Saitoh, In situ X-ray diffraction studies on nominal composition of C2Li under high pressure and temperature. Sci Rep 14, 26307 (2024)

    2024

  4. [4]

    Zhou, J.-L

    Y.-N. Zhou, J.-L. Yue, E. Hu, H. Li, L. Gu, K.-W. Nam, S.-M. Bak, X. Yu, J. Liu, J. Bai, E. Dooryhee, Z.-W. Fu, X.-Q. Yang, High-Rate Charging Induced Intermediate Phases and Structural Changes of Layer-Structured Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Advanced Energy Materials 6, 1600597 (2016)

    2016

  5. [5]

    X. Liu, D. Wang, G. Liu, V. Srinivasan, Z. Liu, Z. Hussain, W. Yang, Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy. Nat Commun 4, 2568 (2013)

    2013

  6. [6]

    H. Liu, H. Liu, S. H. Lapidus, Y. S. Meng, P. J. Chupas, K. W. Chapman, Sensitivity and Limitations of Structures from X-ray and Neutron-Based Diffraction Analyses of Transition Metal Oxide Lithium-Battery Electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164, A1802 (2017)

    2017

  7. [7]

    Missyul, I

    A. Missyul, I. Bolshakov, R. Shpanchenko, XRD study of phase transformations in lithiated graphite anodes by Rietveld method. Powder Diffraction 32, S56–S62 (2017)

    2017

  8. [8]

    Senyshyn, O

    A. Senyshyn, O. Dolotko, M. J. Mühlbauer, K. Nikolowski, H. Fuess, H. Ehrenberg, Lithium Intercalation into Graphitic Carbons Revisited: Experimental Evidence for Twisted Bilayer Behavior. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, A3198 (2013)

    2013

  9. [9]

    D. P. Finegan, A. Quinn, D. S. Wragg, A. M. Colclasure, X. Lu, C. Tan, T. M. M. Heenan, R. Jervis, D. J. L. Brett, S. Das, T. Gao, D. A. Cogswell, M. Z. Bazant, M. D. Michiel, S. Checchia, P. R. Shearing, K. Smith, Spatial dynamics of lithiation and lithium plating during high-rate operation of graphite electrodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 13, 2570–2584 (2020)

    2020

  10. [10]

    H. T. Philipp, M. W. Tate, K. S. Shanks, L. Mele, M. Peemen, P. Dona, R. Hartong, G. van Veen, Y.-T. Shao, Z. Chen, J. Thom-Levy, D. A. Muller, S. M. Gruner, Very-High Dynamic Range, 10,000 Frames/Second Pixel Array Detector for Electron Microscopy. Microanal 28, 425–440 (2022)

    2022

  11. [11]

    A Synchrotron in a Microscope

    L. M. Brown, “A Synchrotron in a Microscope” in Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997, Proceedings of the Institute of Physics Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conference, University of Cambridge, 2-5 September 1997 (CRC Press, 1997)

    1997

  12. [12]

    X. Wang, M. Zhang, J. Alvarado, S. Wang, M. Sina, B. Lu, J. Bouwer, W. Xu, J. Xiao, J.- G. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. S. Meng, New Insights on the Structure of Electrochemically Deposited Lithium Metal and Its Solid Electrolyte Interphases via Cryogenic TEM. Nano Lett. 17, 7606–7612 (2017)

    2017

  13. [13]

    M. J. Zachman, Z. Tu, S. Choudhury, L. A. Archer, L. F. Kourkoutis, Cryo-STEM mapping of solid–liquid interfaces and dendrites in lithium-metal batteries. Nature 560, 345–349 (2018)

    2018

  14. [14]

    Y. Li, Y. Li, A. Pei, K. Yan, Y. Sun, C.-L. Wu, L.-M. Joubert, R. Chin, A. L. Koh, Y. Yu, J. Perrino, B. Butz, S. Chu, Y. Cui, Atomic structure of sensitive battery materials and interfaces revealed by cryo–electron microscopy. Science 358, 506–510 (2017)

    2017

  15. [15]

    Serra-Maia, P

    R. Serra-Maia, P. Kumar, A. C. Meng, A. C. Foucher, Y. Kang, K. Karki, D. Jariwala, E. A. Stach, Nanoscale Chemical and Structural Analysis during In Situ Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopy in Liquids. ACS Nano 15, 10228–10240 (2021)

    2021

  16. [16]

    Zhang, Z

    Q. Zhang, Z. Song, X. Sun, Y. Liu, J. Wan, S. B. Betzler, Q. Zheng, J. Shangguan, K. C. Bustillo, P. Ercius, P. Narang, Y. Huang, H. Zheng, Atomic dynamics of electrified solid– liquid interfaces in liquid-cell TEM. Nature 630, 643–647 (2024)

    2024

  17. [17]

    S. Kim, V. Briega-Martos, S. Liu, K. Je, C. Shi, K. M. Stephens, S. E. Zeltmann, Z. Zhang, R. Guzman-Soriano, W. Li, J. Jiang, J. Choi, Y. J. Negash, F. S. I. Walden, N. L. Jr. Marthe, P. S. Wellborn, Y. Guo, J. Damiano, Y. Han, E. H. Thiede, Y. Yang, Operando Heating and Cooling Electrochemical 4D-STEM Probing Nanoscale Dynamics at Solid– Liquid Interfac...

    2025

  18. [18]

    Z. Wang, D. Santhanagopalan, W. Zhang, F. Wang, H. L. Xin, K. He, J. Li, N. Dudney, Y. S. Meng, In Situ STEM-EELS Observation of Nanoscale Interfacial Phenomena in All- Solid-State Batteries. Nano Lett. 16, 3760–3767 (2016)

    2016

  19. [19]

    M. T. McDowell, Z. Lu, K. J. Koski, J. H. Yu, G. Zheng, Y. Cui, In Situ Observation of Divergent Phase Transformations in Individual Sulfide Nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 15, 1264– 1271 (2015)

    2015

  20. [20]

    M. T. McDowell, S. W. Lee, J. T. Harris, B. A. Korgel, C. Wang, W. D. Nix, Y. Cui, In Situ TEM of Two-Phase Lithiation of Amorphous Silicon Nanospheres. Nano Lett. 13, 758–764 (2013)

    2013

  21. [21]

    Kühne, F

    M. Kühne, F. Börrnert, S. Fecher, M. Ghorbani-Asl, J. Biskupek, D. Samuelis, A. V. Krasheninnikov, U. Kaiser, J. H. Smet, Reversible superdense ordering of lithium between two graphene sheets. Nature 564, 234–239 (2018)

    2018

  22. [22]

    Y. Wang, I. Petrides, G. McNamara, M. M. Hosen, S. Lei, Y.-C. Wu, J. L. Hart, H. Lv, J. Yan, D. Xiao, J. J. Cha, P. Narang, L. M. Schoop, K. S. Burch, Axial Higgs mode detected by quantum pathway interference in RTe3. Nature 606, 896–901 (2022)

    2022

  23. [23]

    Singh, G

    B. Singh, G. McNamara, K.-M. Kim, S. Siddique, S. D. Funni, W. Zhang, X. Luo, P. Sakrikar, E. M. Kenney, R. Singha, S. Alekseev, S. A. A. Ghorashi, T. J. Hicken, C. Baines, H. Luetkens, Y. Wang, V. M. Plisson, M. Geiwitz, C. A. Occhialini, R. Comin, M. J. Graf, L. Zhao, J. Cano, R. M. Fernandes, J. J. Cha, L. M. Schoop, K. S. Burch, Ferroaxial density wav...

    2025

  24. [24]

    Ophus, Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond

    C. Ophus, Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond. Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, 563–582 (2019)

    2019

  25. [25]

    Sarkar, J

    S. Sarkar, J. Bhattacharya, P. Sadhukhan, D. Curcio, R. Dutt, V. K. Singh, M. Bianchi, A. Pariari, S. Roy, P. Mandal, T. Das, P. Hofmann, A. Chakrabarti, S. Roy Barman, Charge density wave induced nodal lines in LaTe3. Nat Commun 14, 3628 (2023)

    2023

  26. [26]

    M. R. Nadler, C. P. Kempier, Crystallographic Data 186. Lithium. Anal. Chem. 31, 2109– 2109 (1959)

    1959

  27. [27]

    Hightower, C

    A. Hightower, C. C. Ahn, B. Fultz, P. Rez, Electron energy-loss spectrometry on lithiated graphite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 238–240 (2000)

    2000

  28. [28]

    Brouet, W

    V. Brouet, W. L. Yang, X. J. Zhou, Z. Hussain, R. G. Moore, R. He, D. H. Lu, Z. X. Shen, J. Laverock, S. B. Dugdale, N. Ru, I. R. Fisher, Angle-resolved photoemission study of the evolution of band structure and charge density wave properties in R Te 3 ( R = Y , La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy). Phys. Rev. B 77, 235104 (2008)

    2008

  29. [29]

    M. Wang, A. Kumar, H. Dong, J. M. Woods, J. V. Pondick, S. Xu, D. J. Hynek, P. Guo, D. Y. Qiu, J. J. Cha, A Gapped Phase in Semimetallic Td-WTe2 Induced by Lithium Intercalation. Advanced Materials 34, 2200861 (2022)

    2022

  30. [30]

    S. Xu, K. Evans-Lutterodt, S. Li, N. L. Williams, B. Hou, J. J. Huang, M. G. Boebinger, S. Lee, M. Wang, A. Singer, P. Guo, D. Y. Qiu, J. J. Cha, Lithiation Induced Phases in 1T′- MoTe2 Nanoflakes. ACS Nano 18, 17349–17358 (2024)

    2024

  31. [31]

    Kopaczek, K

    J. Kopaczek, K. Yumigeta, A. Ibrahim, M. Y. Sayyad, S. Sinha, R. Sailus, P. Hays, S. T. R. Moosavy, S. Susarla, C. Ataca, R. Kudrawiec, S. Tongay, Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Surface Oxidation Process of Rare-Earth Tritellurides. Advanced Electronic Materials 9, 2201129 (2023)

    2023

  32. [32]

    Kopaczek, H

    J. Kopaczek, H. Li, K. Yumigeta, R. Sailus, M. Y. Sayyad, S. T. R. Moosavy, R. Kudrawiec, S. Tongay, Pressure-induced suppression of charge density phases across the entire rare-earth tritellurides by optical spectroscopy. J. Mater. Chem. C 10, 11995–12000 (2022)

    2022

  33. [33]

    Lavagnini, M

    M. Lavagnini, M. Baldini, A. Sacchetti, D. Di Castro, B. Delley, R. Monnier, J.-H. Chu, N. Ru, I. R. Fisher, P. Postorino, L. Degiorgi, Evidence for coupling between charge density waves and phonons in two-dimensional rare-earth tritellurides. Phys. Rev. B 78, 201101 (2008)

    2008

  34. [34]

    Lazarević, Z

    N. Lazarević, Z. V. Popović, R. Hu, C. Petrovic, Evidence of coupling between phonons and charge-density waves in ErTe 3. Phys. Rev. B 83, 024302 (2011)

    2011

  35. [35]

    Samnakay, D

    R. Samnakay, D. Wickramaratne, T. R. Pope, R. K. Lake, T. T. Salguero, A. A. Balandin, Zone-Folded Phonons and the Commensurate–Incommensurate Charge-Density-Wave Transition in 1T-TaSe2 Thin Films. Nano Lett. 15, 2965–2973 (2015)

    2015

  36. [36]

    R. M. Martin, G. Lucovsky, K. Helliwell, Intermolecular bonding and lattice dynamics of Se and Te. Phys. Rev. B 13, 1383–1395 (1976)

    1976

  37. [37]

    Y. Du, G. Qiu, Y. Wang, M. Si, X. Xu, W. Wu, P. D. Ye, One-Dimensional van der Waals Material Tellurium: Raman Spectroscopy under Strain and Magneto-Transport. Nano Lett. 17, 3965–3973 (2017)

    2017

  38. [38]

    F. J. Manjón, S. Gallego-Parra, P. Rodríguez-Hernández, A. Muñoz, C. Drasar, V. Muñoz- Sanjosé, O. Oeckler, Anomalous Raman modes in tellurides. J. Mater. Chem. C 9, 6277– 6289 (2021)

    2021

  39. [39]

    M. A. Laguna, M. L. Sanjuán, A. Várez, J. Sanz, Lithium dynamics and disorder effects in the Raman spectrum of La ( 2 − x ) / 3 Li x TiO 3. Phys. Rev. B 66, 054301 (2002)

    2002

  40. [40]

    Maschek, S

    M. Maschek, S. Rosenkranz, R. Heid, A. H. Said, P. Giraldo-Gallo, I. R. Fisher, F. Weber, Wave-vector-dependent electron-phonon coupling and the charge-density-wave transition in TbT e 3. Phys. Rev. B 91, 235146 (2015)

    2015

  41. [41]

    Weber, S

    F. Weber, S. Rosenkranz, J.-P. Castellan, R. Osborn, G. Karapetrov, R. Hott, R. Heid, K.-P. Bohnen, A. Alatas, Electron-Phonon Coupling and the Soft Phonon Mode in TiSe 2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 266401 (2011)

    2011