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arxiv: 2606.06623 · v1 · pith:ZICZYTPWnew · submitted 2026-06-04 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.mes-hall· physics.app-ph

Matching Terahertz and Hall Mobilities as a Hallmark of Intrinsic Charge Transport in Metal-Halide Perovskites

Dmitry R. Maslennikov , Ben P. Carwithen , Vladimir V. Bruevich , Yichao Cai , Davide Nodari , Navendu Mondal , Xijia Zheng , Beier Hu
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Nicola Gasparini Jarvist M. Frost Vitaly Podzorov Artem A. Bakulin
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Pith reviewed 2026-06-28 00:16 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hallphysics.app-ph
keywords metal-halide perovskitescharge carrier mobilityoptical pump-terahertz probeHall effectCsPbBr3intrinsic transportband-like transport
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The pith

In epitaxial CsPbBr3 crystals, terahertz probe mobility quantitatively matches Hall mobility across conditions, confirming one intrinsic transport mechanism on millimeter scales.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that local mobility measured by optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy agrees with macroscopic Hall mobility in epitaxial CsPbBr3 single crystals. This match holds over a broad range of temperatures and experimental conditions, with both techniques reporting room-temperature values around 30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and similar power-law temperature dependence for hole mobility. The agreement demonstrates that the same band-like intrinsic mechanism controls transport at both ultrafast local and steady-state macroscopic scales. A custom device platform allows both measurements on the identical sample, removing offsets from calibration or surface effects.

Core claim

Defect-free charge transport extends across macroscopic single crystals of soft-lattice metal-halide perovskites, as shown by the quantitative agreement between local OPTP mobility and macroscopic Hall mobility in epitaxial CsPbBr3, both yielding ~30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ with matching band-like temperature dependence.

What carries the argument

Dedicated concurrent device platform that enables Hall-effect and OPTP measurements on the same single-crystalline sample.

If this is right

  • The same intrinsic transport mechanism governs both ultrafast/local and steady-state/macroscopic responses.
  • Band-like temperature dependence of hole mobility is observed consistently by both techniques.
  • Room-temperature mobilities of ~30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ represent reliably achieved values for CsPbBr3.
  • A methodology is established for benchmarking intrinsic mobility in emerging semiconductors.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The match between techniques could be used as a quality test to confirm low static disorder in other perovskite compositions or growth methods.
  • If the agreement holds in polycrystalline films, it would indicate that grain boundaries rather than lattice softness set the practical mobility limit in devices.
  • Extending the concurrent platform to other soft semiconductors would allow direct checks on whether reported mobility discrepancies arise from extrinsic factors.
  • The results imply that millimeter-scale single-crystal devices could approach the intrinsic transport ceiling without additional scattering channels.

Load-bearing premise

The epitaxial CsPbBr3 crystals are sufficiently defect-free that static disorder does not affect either measurement, and the platform ensures both techniques probe the same carrier populations without offsets.

What would settle it

A mismatch between OPTP and Hall mobilities measured concurrently on the same sample under varied conditions would show that static disorder or technique-specific effects dominate instead of a single intrinsic mechanism.

read the original abstract

Charge-carrier transport in soft-lattice materials, including metal-halide perovskites, is often perceived to be highly heterogeneous across different length scales, and influenced by both the intrinsic (dynamic) thermal electronic disorder and extrinsic (static) disorder due to crystal defects, impurities, grain boundaries, and surface states. As a consequence, the reported carrier mobilities obtained by different electrical and optical measurement techniques frequently disagree, raising a critical question: can a truly intrinsic charge transport regime (that is, a regime not dominated by static disorder) extend across macroscopic single crystals of these materials? Here, we demonstrate such a regime in an exemplary metal-halide perovskite system, epitaxial CsPbBr$_{3}$ single crystals, where the local mobility obtained via optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy quantitatively agrees with the macroscopic transport mobility across a broad range of experimental conditions. Using a dedicated device platform that enables concurrent Hall-effect and OPTP measurements on the same single-crystalline sample, we obtain consistent room-temperature mobilities of ~ 30 cm$^{2}$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$, among the highest reliably reported for CsPbBr$_{3}$. Both techniques reveal band-like temperature dependence of the hole mobility with similar power exponents, confirming that the same intrinsic transport mechanism governs the ultrafast/local and steady-state/macroscopic responses. These results show that defect-free charge transport is achievable in soft-lattice perovskites on millimetre length scales and establish a robust methodology for benchmarking intrinsic mobility in emerging semiconductors.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript claims that epitaxial CsPbBr₃ single crystals exhibit quantitative agreement (~30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ at room temperature) between local mobilities extracted from optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy and macroscopic Hall mobilities, with both techniques showing band-like temperature dependence and similar power-law exponents. This is enabled by a dedicated concurrent measurement platform on the same sample and is interpreted as evidence that the same intrinsic transport mechanism governs ultrafast/local and steady-state/macroscopic regimes, implying defect-free transport on millimeter scales.

Significance. If the agreement is robust, the work would establish a high-mobility benchmark for CsPbBr₃ and a methodology for cross-validating intrinsic transport across scales in soft-lattice perovskites, helping resolve technique-dependent discrepancies in the literature.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract/Methods] Abstract and Methods: the central claim of quantitative agreement and matching temperature exponents rests on the dedicated concurrent device platform ensuring identical carrier populations, yet no validation details (e.g., thickness series, independent carrier-density cross-calibration, or geometry-factor checks) are described to exclude surface effects, band-bending, or penetration-depth mismatches between OPTP (~100s nm) and bulk Hall measurements.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: the reported room-temperature value of ~30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and the similarity of temperature exponents are presented without accompanying data tables, error analysis, or statistical measures of agreement, preventing assessment of whether the match holds across the full range of conditions or could arise from post-hoc selection.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract could explicitly state the temperature range and the fitted power exponents for both techniques to allow immediate comparison.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive feedback on our manuscript. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to strengthen the presentation of the concurrent measurement platform and the quantitative agreement between techniques.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract/Methods] Abstract and Methods: the central claim of quantitative agreement and matching temperature exponents rests on the dedicated concurrent device platform ensuring identical carrier populations, yet no validation details (e.g., thickness series, independent carrier-density cross-calibration, or geometry-factor checks) are described to exclude surface effects, band-bending, or penetration-depth mismatches between OPTP (~100s nm) and bulk Hall measurements.

    Authors: We agree that explicit validation details strengthen the central claim. In the revised manuscript we have expanded the Methods section to describe the sample geometry, Hall-bar dimensions, and the optical penetration depth relative to crystal thickness. We also include a cross-check of carrier density via integrated THz conductivity and Hall voltage on the same contacts. A full thickness series was not feasible for these epitaxial layers (fixed ~1 μm thickness), but we now discuss possible surface contributions and band-bending in the supplementary information, noting that the quantitative match across temperatures argues against dominant surface effects. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the reported room-temperature value of ~30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and the similarity of temperature exponents are presented without accompanying data tables, error analysis, or statistical measures of agreement, preventing assessment of whether the match holds across the full range of conditions or could arise from post-hoc selection.

    Authors: The abstract is a concise summary; the full dataset, including individual mobility values, temperature exponents with uncertainties, and direct comparison plots, is presented in Figures 2–4 and the associated text. To address the concern we have added a summary table (new Table 1) listing room-temperature mobilities, power-law exponents, and standard errors for both techniques across multiple samples. We also include a statistical comparison (Pearson correlation and mean absolute deviation) between the two datasets in the revised Results section. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: empirical agreement between independent experimental techniques

full rationale

The paper reports quantitative agreement between OPTP-derived local mobilities and Hall-effect macroscopic mobilities measured concurrently on the same epitaxial CsPbBr3 crystals, along with matching band-like temperature dependences. This is a direct experimental comparison with no claimed derivation, first-principles prediction, or fitted parameter that is then relabeled as a prediction. No equations are presented that reduce to inputs by construction, and no self-citation chain is invoked to justify uniqueness or an ansatz. The central result is an empirical observation whose validity rests on sample quality and platform calibration rather than on any self-referential logical step.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the experimental premise that the crystals are high-quality and defect-free enough for intrinsic transport to dominate, plus standard assumptions about carrier scattering mechanisms in band-like transport; no free parameters or invented entities are introduced.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Epitaxial single crystals of CsPbBr3 can be grown with sufficiently low static disorder that extrinsic scattering is negligible over mm scales.
    Invoked in the abstract when stating that matching mobilities confirm intrinsic transport.
  • domain assumption OPTP and Hall measurements on the same sample probe the same intrinsic carrier dynamics without technique-specific artifacts.
    Central to the claim of quantitative agreement across techniques.

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