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arxiv: 2606.19027 · v1 · pith:IDZID3BHnew · submitted 2026-06-17 · 🪐 quant-ph · cond-mat.stat-mech

Nonequilibrium steady states induced by stochastic mid-circuit measurements and resets on a quantum computer

Jakob Murauer , Sabine Tornow , Gabriele Perfetto This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 21:00 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
keywords stochastic resettingmid-circuit measurementsnonequilibrium steady statesFloquet transverse-field Ising modelsuperconducting quantum processorquantum phase transitionconditional resets
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The pith

Stochastic mid-circuit measurements and conditional resets drive a Floquet Ising model on a quantum processor to a nonequilibrium steady state that matches noisy theory and shows crossover tied to the equilibrium phase transition.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper formulates a noisy discrete-time theory in which unitary gates on the interacting Floquet transverse-field Ising model alternate with noisy mid-circuit projective measurements and conditional resets. This theory is implemented and tested on a superconducting quantum processor for systems of up to seven qubits. The resulting stationary state agrees quantitatively with experimental measurements and exhibits crossover behavior linked to the model's equilibrium quantum phase transition. A sympathetic reader would care because the work shows that mid-circuit operations can be used to prepare collective stationary states on existing noisy hardware.

Core claim

The stationary state of the noisy conditional resetting agrees quantitatively with the experiments on the superconducting quantum processor, and it shows crossover behavior related to the equilibrium quantum phase transition of the interacting Floquet transverse-field Ising model.

What carries the argument

Noisy discrete-time theory in which unitary gates alternate with noisy mid-circuit projective measurements and conditional resets; it predicts the stationary states reached under stochastic resetting.

If this is right

  • Nonequilibrium steady states can be reached on noisy quantum processors by interleaving unitary evolution with stochastic mid-circuit measurements and resets.
  • The stationary states display crossover signatures connected to the equilibrium quantum phase transition of the underlying Floquet model.
  • The protocol offers a route to preparing collective stationary states on current hardware without requiring error correction.
  • Mid-circuit measurement capabilities can be incorporated into quantum algorithms that target nonequilibrium physics.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same resetting protocol could be tested on other Floquet or non-Floquet many-body models to check whether the crossover remains tied to equilibrium critical points.
  • Quantitative agreement on seven qubits suggests that similar noisy discrete-time models might be used to predict behavior on larger processors once mid-circuit reset fidelity improves.
  • Extending the number of qubits or the duration of the stochastic protocol would test whether the steady-state crossover sharpens or broadens with system size.

Load-bearing premise

The noisy discrete-time theory accurately captures the combined effects of the unitary gates, mid-circuit measurements, and conditional resets on the specific superconducting hardware.

What would settle it

A significant quantitative mismatch between the measured stationary-state observables on the seven-qubit processor and the predictions of the noisy conditional resetting theory for the same Floquet Ising parameters would falsify the claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.19027 by Gabriele Perfetto, Jakob Murauer, Sabine Tornow.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Stochastic resetting has emerged as a versatile protocol to drive quantum many-body systems to non-equilibrium steady states by interspersing unitary dynamics with measurements and resets at random times. In spite of this, a quantum hardware validation of such non-equilibrium steady states is still missing. Here, we achieve this goal by first formulating a noisy discrete-time theory where unitary gates alternate with noisy mid-circuit projective measurements and conditional resets. This noisy conditional resetting theory is then demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor for up to $N=7$ qubits. We consider, as a paradigmatic case, the unitary dynamics of the interacting Floquet transverse-field Ising model. The stationary state of the noisy conditional resetting agrees quantitatively with the experiments, and it shows crossover behavior related to the equilibrium quantum phase transition of the model. Our results might thus pave the way for the preparation of collective stationary states on noisy quantum devices and for further developments of quantum algorithms involving mid-circuit measurements.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript formulates a noisy discrete-time theory in which unitary gates on the interacting Floquet transverse-field Ising model alternate with noisy mid-circuit projective measurements and conditional resets. The theory is implemented and tested on a superconducting quantum processor for system sizes up to N=7. The authors report that the predicted non-equilibrium stationary states agree quantitatively with the experimental observations and display crossover signatures connected to the equilibrium quantum phase transition of the underlying model.

Significance. If the noise model accurately reproduces the combined effects of gates, measurements, and resets on the hardware, the work supplies the first explicit hardware validation of stochastic-resetting protocols for generating non-equilibrium steady states on quantum processors. The link between the driven stationary state and the equilibrium QPT provides additional theoretical value. The demonstration could support future preparation of collective states on NISQ devices and the design of mid-circuit-measurement algorithms.

minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the claim of quantitative agreement is stated without reference to the error metric, number of experimental shots, or how noise parameters were extracted from calibration data; adding these details would strengthen the abstract.
  2. The manuscript should include a dedicated section or appendix that explicitly derives the form of the noisy measurement/reset channel from the hardware calibration data rather than stating it as given.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive summary, significance assessment, and recommendation of minor revision. No specific major comments were provided in the report.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; theory formulated independently then validated experimentally

full rationale

The provided abstract and context describe a noisy discrete-time theory formulated first (unitary gates alternating with noisy mid-circuit measurements and conditional resets), followed by experimental demonstration on superconducting hardware for the Floquet transverse-field Ising model. The stationary-state agreement with experiments and crossover behavior tied to the equilibrium QPT are presented as empirical validation outcomes, not as quantities derived by construction from fitted parameters or prior self-citations. No load-bearing steps reduce to self-definition, fitted-input predictions, or self-citation chains within the given material. The derivation chain remains self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Only the abstract is available; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities can be extracted.

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discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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