pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.28950 · v1 · pith:TPX3K6PMnew · submitted 2026-06-27 · ⚛️ nucl-ex · nucl-th· physics.atom-ph

Dineutron clusters

Takashi Nakamura , Kouichi Hagino , Yosuke Kondo This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-30 08:26 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ nucl-ex nucl-thphysics.atom-ph
keywords dineutrontwo-neutron haloneutron-rich nucleiCoulomb breakup16Betetraneutronfew-body decay28O
0
0 comments X

The pith

Compact dineutron clusters form in the low-density outer regions of neutron-rich nuclei such as 11Li.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reviews experimental and theoretical work showing that two neutrons can bind into a spatially compact cluster when nuclear density drops near the surface. Data from Coulomb breakup reactions, charge-radius measurements, and quasi-free scattering on 11Li provide the main evidence, while similar signals are now being sought in unbound systems like 16Be. Theory links the cluster to mixing of different-parity neutron configurations, and few-body calculations help interpret the three-body decay patterns. The same framework is applied to four-neutron states and the recent observation of 28O. A reader would care because these clusters illustrate how neutrons organize themselves at the edge of nuclear stability and connect to broader few-body behavior.

Core claim

The dineutron is a spatially compact two-neutron cluster expected to appear in the low-density part of nuclei. Evidence for this structure has been obtained in two-neutron halo nuclei such as 11Li through Coulomb breakup, charge radii, and quasi-free proton scattering. Specific unbound nuclei just beyond the neutron drip line, including 16Be, are under study for the same correlation. Theoretically the dineutron arises in part from admixture of different-parity configurations of the valence neutrons, and few-body models that include decay dynamics are required to interpret the observed three-body decays. The discussion extends to four-neutron clusters, recent tetraneutron experiments, and the

What carries the argument

The dineutron correlation, a compact two-neutron spatial cluster that forms in low-density nuclear regions and is diagnosed through breakup, radius, and scattering data together with parity-mixing calculations.

If this is right

  • Dineutron structure should appear in additional unbound nuclei beyond the neutron drip line and can be tested with decay spectroscopy.
  • Four-neutron clusters observed in 28O and tetraneutron experiments may share the same correlation mechanism.
  • Few-body theories that incorporate decay dynamics become essential for extracting cluster properties from three-body final states.
  • Universal few-body features may link these nuclear clusters to analogous systems studied in other fields of physics.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Confirmation in heavier candidates would tighten constraints on how pairing evolves at very low densities.
  • The same experimental signatures could be searched for in other drip-line nuclei using existing or planned facilities.
  • If the parity-mixing picture holds, it supplies a simple mechanism that could be tested in lighter three-body systems.

Load-bearing premise

The signals seen in Coulomb breakup, radius measurements, and scattering can be attributed specifically to a compact dineutron pair rather than to other many-body effects or reaction mechanisms.

What would settle it

A measurement or calculation on 11Li that reproduces the same breakup and radius data without any compact two-neutron correlation once all alternative reaction and many-body contributions are included.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.28950 by Kouichi Hagino, Takashi Nakamura, Yosuke Kondo.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. C Fig. 12 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_2.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The dineutron is a spatially compact two-neutron cluster, which is expected to appear in a low-density part of nuclei. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in experimental and theoretical research on dineutron clusters, particularly on neutron-rich rare isotopes. Experimentally, evidence for dineutron in two-neutron halo nuclei, such as $^{11}$Li, has been obtained using Coulomb breakup, measurements of charge radii, and quasi-free proton scattering. Specific unbound nuclei just beyond the neutron drip line, which decay by emitting two neutrons, are also candidates for having a dineutron correlation. For instance, the dineutron structure has recently been investigated for $^{16}$Be, focusing on its decay into the core and the two neutrons. Theoretically, it is shown that the dineutron is partially due to the admixture of different-parity configurations for the two valence neutrons. Few-body theories, including dynamical effects of the decay process, play important roles in interpreting three-body decays. We also discuss the four-neutron clusters, showing the experimental results of recent tetraneutron experiments and observation of $^{28}$O. Possible relevance of these states to dineutron correlation is discussed. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on dineutron clusters in neutron-rich nuclei and their relation to the universal features in few-body physics.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reviews the concept and evidence for spatially compact dineutron clusters in the low-density surface of neutron-rich nuclei. It summarizes experimental results from Coulomb breakup, charge-radius measurements, and quasi-free scattering in 11Li, discusses candidates such as 16Be, outlines theoretical interpretations involving parity admixture and few-body dynamics for three-body decays, covers tetraneutron states including recent experiments on 28O, and concludes with future perspectives linking to universal few-body physics.

Significance. If the interpretive attribution of existing data to a distinct dineutron degree of freedom holds, the review would usefully synthesize recent experimental and theoretical progress on neutron correlations near the drip line. The manuscript does not introduce new data, derivations, or quantitative model comparisons, so its significance rests on the clarity of the literature summary rather than on novel falsifiable claims.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and experimental-evidence paragraphs] The central interpretive step—that Coulomb breakup, charge-radius, and quasi-free scattering data in 11Li constitute specific evidence for a compact dineutron cluster rather than generic pairing, continuum three-body dynamics, or reaction-mechanism effects—is presented as established without any model-comparison table, Bayesian evidence ratio, or quantitative discrimination against the listed alternatives.
  2. [16Be discussion] The statement that the dineutron structure in 16Be has been investigated via its two-neutron decay is given without reference to any new analysis or explicit comparison to non-clustered decay mechanisms within the manuscript itself.
minor comments (2)
  1. Notation for nuclei (e.g., 11Li vs. ^{11}Li) is inconsistent between the abstract and later text; standardize to a single convention.
  2. The manuscript would benefit from an explicit statement of the review's scope and selection criteria for the cited experiments.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive comments on our review manuscript. We address each major comment below and indicate the revisions we will make to improve clarity on the interpretive aspects of the summarized literature.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and experimental-evidence paragraphs] The central interpretive step—that Coulomb breakup, charge-radius, and quasi-free scattering data in 11Li constitute specific evidence for a compact dineutron cluster rather than generic pairing, continuum three-body dynamics, or reaction-mechanism effects—is presented as established without any model-comparison table, Bayesian evidence ratio, or quantitative discrimination against the listed alternatives.

    Authors: As a review, the manuscript summarizes interpretations advanced in the cited experimental and theoretical literature rather than performing new quantitative analyses. We will revise the abstract and experimental-evidence sections to employ more cautious phrasing (e.g., “have been interpreted as evidence for…”), explicitly note the model dependence, and add a concise paragraph discussing the listed alternatives with appropriate references to works addressing generic pairing and three-body continuum effects. A new model-comparison table or Bayesian evidence ratios cannot be generated within the scope of this review. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [16Be discussion] The statement that the dineutron structure in 16Be has been investigated via its two-neutron decay is given without reference to any new analysis or explicit comparison to non-clustered decay mechanisms within the manuscript itself.

    Authors: The statement summarizes results from recently published studies on 16Be that are already cited. We will expand the relevant paragraph to include additional detail on the decay analyses reported in those works and note any comparisons to non-clustered mechanisms that appear in the cited literature. revision: yes

standing simulated objections not resolved
  • Provision of new quantitative model comparisons, tables, or Bayesian evidence ratios, which would require original research beyond the scope of a literature review.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Review paper summarizing literature; no derivation chain or equations present

full rationale

The manuscript is a literature review on dineutron clusters, citing experimental results from Coulomb breakup, charge radii, and quasi-free scattering in nuclei such as 11Li and 16Be, along with theoretical discussions of parity admixture and few-body dynamics. No original equations, derivations, fitted parameters, or load-bearing self-citations appear in the provided text. The central statements attribute existing data interpretations to dineutron correlations but do not reduce any claim to a self-referential fit or definition by construction. This is a standard non-circular summary of external results.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a review paper; the abstract introduces no new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities. All content rests on cited prior experimental and theoretical work.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5772 in / 1170 out tokens · 39608 ms · 2026-06-30T08:26:54.904344+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

120 extracted references · 101 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology

    Brink, D.M., Broglia, R.A.: Nuclear Superfluidity :Pairing in Finite Systems. Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005)

    2005

  2. [2]

    Springer, New York (1980)

    Ring, P., Schuck, P.: The Nuclear Many-Body Problem. Springer, New York (1980)

    1980

  3. [3]

    Soviet Journal of Nuclear Physics16, 238 (1973)

    Migdal, A.B.: Two interacting particles in a potential well. Soviet Journal of Nuclear Physics16, 238 (1973)

    1973

  4. [4]

    Nakamura, T., Vinodkumar, A.M., Sugimoto, T., Aoi, N., Baba, H., Bazin, D., Fukuda, N., Gomi, T., Hasegawa, H., Imai, N., Ishihara, M., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, Y., Kubo, T., Miura, M., Motobayashi, T., Otsu, H., Saito, A., Sakurai, H., Shimoura, S., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y.X., Yakushiji, T., Yanagisawa, 37 Y., Yoneda, K.: Observation of strong low-lyingE1...

    2006

  5. [5]

    Kubota, Y., Corsi, A., Authelet, G., Baba, H., Caesar, C., Calvet, D., Delbart, A., Dozono, M., Feng, J., Flavigny, F., Gheller, J.-M., Gibelin, J., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hasegawa, K., Isobe, T., Kanaya, Y., Kawakami, S., Kim, D., Kikuchi, Y., Kiyokawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Kobayashi, N., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, Y., Korkulu, Z., Koyama, S., Lapoux, V., ...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.252501 2020

  6. [6]

    Monteagudo, B., Marqu´ es, F.M., Gibelin, J., Orr, N.A., Corsi, A., Kubota, Y., Casal, J., G´ omez-Camacho, J., Authelet, G., Baba, H., Caesar, C., Calvet, D., Delbart, A., Dozono, M., Feng, J., Flavigny, F., Gheller, J.-M., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hasegawa, K., Isobe, T., Kanaya, Y., Kawakami, S., Kim, D., Kiyokawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Kobayashi, N., ...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.082501 2024

  7. [7]

    The European Physical Journal A61(12), 273 (2025) https: //doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01736-w

    Nakamura, T., Shigaki, K., Ohnishi, H., Tamura, H., Takahashi, Y., Horikoshi, M., Hiyama, E., Hosaka, A.: Clustering as a window on the hierarchical structure of quantum systems. The European Physical Journal A61(12), 273 (2025) https: //doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01736-w

    work page doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01736-w 2025

  8. [8]

    The European Physical Journal A61(6), 141 (2025) https://doi.org/10

    Horikoshi, M., Ohashi, Y., Kagamihara, D.: Equation of state of quantum cluster matter. The European Physical Journal A61(6), 141 (2025) https://doi.org/10. 1140/epja/s10050-025-01606-5

    2025

  9. [9]

    Matsuo, M.: Spatial structure of neutron cooper pair in low density uniform matter. Phys. Rev. C73, 044309 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.73. 044309

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.73 2006

  10. [10]

    Journal of Physics 38 G: Nuclear and Particle Physics27(5), 69 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1088/ 0954-3899/27/5/201

    Machleidt, R., Slaus, I.: The nucleon-nucleon interaction. Journal of Physics 38 G: Nuclear and Particle Physics27(5), 69 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1088/ 0954-3899/27/5/201

    2001

  11. [11]

    Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics36(5), 053001 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/36/5/053001

    G˚ ardestig, A.: Extracting the neutron–neutron scattering length—recent devel- opments. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics36(5), 053001 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/36/5/053001

    work page doi:10.1088/0954-3899/36/5/053001 2009

  12. [12]

    Physics Letters B814, 136072 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136072

    Sun, Y.L., Nakamura, T., Kondo, Y., Satou, Y., Lee, J., Matsumoto, T., Ogata, K., Kikuchi, Y., Aoi, N., Ichikawa, Y., Ieki, K., Ishihara, M., Kobayshi, T., Motobayashi, T., Otsu, H., Sakurai, H., Shimamura, T., Shimoura, S., Shi- nohara, T., Sugimoto, T., Takeuchi, S., Togano, Y., Yoneda, K.: Three-body breakup of 6He and its halo structure. Physics Lette...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136072 2021

  13. [13]

    Mueller, P., Sulai, I.A., Villari, A.C.C., Alc´ antara-N´ u˜ nez, J.A., Alves-Cond´ e, R., Bailey, K., Drake, G.W.F., Dubois, M., El´ eon, C., Gaubert, G., Holt, R.J., Janssens, R.V.F., Lecesne, N., Lu, Z.-T., O’Connor, T.P., Saint-Laurent, M.-G., Thomas, J.-C., Wang, L.-B.: Nuclear charge radius of 8He. Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 252501 (2007) https://doi.org/1...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.252501 2007

  14. [14]

    Physics Letters B840, 137875 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137875

    Corsi, A., Kubota, Y., Casal, J., G´ omez-Ramos, M., Moro, A.M., Authelet, G., Baba, H., Caesar, C., Calvet, D., Delbart, A., Dozono, M., Feng, J., Flav- igny, F., Gheller, J.-M., Gibelin, J., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hasegawa, K., Isobe, T., Kanaya, Y., Kawakami, S., Kim, D., Kiyokawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Kobayashi, N., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, Y., Korkul...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137875 2023

  15. [15]

    Cook, K.J., Nakamura, T., Kondo, Y., Hagino, K., Ogata, K., Saito, A.T., Achouri, N.L., Aumann, T., Baba, H., Delaunay, F., Deshayes, Q., Doornenbal, P., Fukuda, N., Gibelin, J., Hwang, J.W., Inabe, N., Isobe, T., Kameda, D., Kanno, D., Kim, S., Kobayashi, N., Kobayashi, T., Kubo, T., Leblond, S., Lee, J., Marqu´ es, F.M., Minakata, R., Motobayashi, T., M...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.212503 2020

  16. [16]

    Spyrou, A., Kohley, Z., Baumann, T., Bazin, D., Brown, B.A., Christian, G., DeYoung, P.A., Finck, J.E., Frank, N., Lunderberg, E., Mosby, S., Peters, W.A., Schiller, A., Smith, J.K., Snyder, J., Strongman, M.J., Thoennessen, M., Volya, A.: First observation of ground state dineutron decay: 16Be. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 102501 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.102501 2012

  17. [17]

    Hagino, K., Sagawa, H.: Correlated two-neutron emission in the decay of the unbound nucleus 26O. Phys. Rev. C89, 014331 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevC.89.014331

    2014

  18. [18]

    Hagino, K., Sagawa, H.: Decay dynamics of the unbound 25O and 26O nuclei. Phys. Rev. C93, 034330 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.034330

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.93.034330 2016

  19. [19]

    Kikuchi, Y., Matsumoto, T., Minomo, K., Ogata, K.: Two neutron decay from the 2 + 1 state of 6He. Phys. Rev. C88, 021602 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevC.88.021602

    2013

  20. [20]

    Kisamori, K., Shimoura, S., Miya, H., Michimasa, S., Ota, S., Assie, M., Baba, H., Baba, T., Beaumel, D., Dozono, M., Fujii, T., Fukuda, N., Go, S., Hammache, F., Ideguchi, E., Inabe, N., Itoh, M., Kameda, D., Kawase, S., Kawabata, T., Kobayashi, M., Kondo, Y., Kubo, T., Kubota, Y., Kurata-Nishimura, M., Lee, C.S., Maeda, Y., Matsubara, H., Miki, K., Nish...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.052501 2016

  21. [21]

    Nature606, 678–682 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04827-6 40

    Duer, M., Aumann, T., Gernh¨ auser, R., Panin, V., Paschalis, S., Rossi, D.M., Achouri, N.L., Ahn, D., Baba, H., Bertulani, C.A., B¨ ohmer, M., Boretzky, K., Caesar, C., Chiga, N., Corsi, A., Cortina-Gil, D., Douma, C.A., Dufter, F., Elekes, Z., Feng, J., Fern¨ andez-Dom´ ınguez, B., Forsberg, U., Fukuda, N., Gas- paric, I., Ge, Z., Gheller, J.M., Gibelin...

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04827-6 2022

  22. [22]

    Kondo, N

    Kondo, Y., Achouri, N.L., Falou, H.A., Atar, L., Aumann, T., Baba, H., Boret- zky, K., Caesar, C., Calvet, D., Chae, H., Chiga, N., Corsi, A., Delaunay, F., Delbart, A., Deshayes, Q., Dombr´ adi, Z., Douma, C.A., Ekstr¨ om, A., Elekes, Z., Forss´ en, C., Gaˇ spariˇ c, I., Gheller, J.-M., Gibelin, J., Gillibert, A., Hagen, G., Harakeh, M.N., Hirayama, A., ...

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06352-6 2023

  23. [23]

    Tanihata, I., Hamagaki, H., Hashimoto, O., Shida, Y., Yoshikawa, N., Sugimoto, K., Yamakawa, O., Kobayashi, T., Takahashi, N.: Measurements of interaction cross sections and nuclear radii in the lightp-shell region. Phys. Rev. Lett.55, 2676–2679 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2676

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.55.2676 1985

  24. [24]

    Tanihata, H

    Tanihata, I., Savajols, H., Kanungo, R.: Recent experimental progress in nuclear halo structure studies. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics68, 215–313 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2012.07.001

    work page doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2012.07.001 2013

  25. [26]

    (eds.) Coulomb Breakup and Soft E1 Excitation of Neutron Halo Nuclei, pp

    Nakamura, T.: In: Tanihata, I., Toki, H., Kajino, T. (eds.) Coulomb Breakup and Soft E1 Excitation of Neutron Halo Nuclei, pp. 1–37. Springer, Singa- pore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8818-1 68-1 . https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-981-15-8818-1 68-1

    work page doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8818-1 2020

  26. [27]

    Reports on Progress in Physics 80(5), 056001 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8

    Naidon, P., Endo, S.: Efimov physics: a review. Reports on Progress in Physics 80(5), 056001 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8

    work page doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8 2017

  27. [28]

    SciPost Phys.15, 123 (2023) https://doi.org/10

    Naidon, P.: Universal geometry of two-neutron halos and Borromean Efimov states close to dissociation. SciPost Phys.15, 123 (2023) https://doi.org/10. 21468/SciPostPhys.15.3.123

    2023

  28. [29]

    Zhukov, M.V., Danilin, B.V., Fedorov, D.V., Bang, J.M., Thompson, I.J., Vaa- gen, J.S.: Bound state properties of borromean halo nuclei: 6He and 11Li. Phys. Rep.231(4), 151–199 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(93)90141-Y 41

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-1573(93)90141-y 1993

  29. [30]

    Hagino, K., Sagawa, H., Carbonell, J., Schuck, P.: Coexistence of BCS- and BEC-Like Pair Structures in Halo Nuclei. Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 022506 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.022506

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.022506 2007

  30. [31]

    Physics Reports163(5), 299–408 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0370-1573(88)90142-1

    Bertulani, C.A., Baur, G.: Electromagnetic processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Physics Reports163(5), 299–408 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0370-1573(88)90142-1

    1988

  31. [32]

    Physica Scripta2013(T152), 014012 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2013/ T152/014012

    Aumann, T., Nakamura, T.: The electric dipole response of exotic nuclei. Physica Scripta2013(T152), 014012 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2013/ T152/014012

    work page doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2013/ 2013

  32. [33]

    Physics Letters B331(3), 296–301 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)91055-3

    Nakamura, T., Shimoura, S., Kobayashi, T., Teranishi, T., Abe, K., Aoi, N., Doki, Y., Fujimaki, M., Inabe, N., Iwasa, N., Katori, K., Kubo, T., Okuno, H., Suzuki, T., Tanihata, I., Watanabe, Y., Yoshida, A., Ishihara, M.: Coulomb dissociation of a halo nucleus 11Be at 72AMeV. Physics Letters B331(3), 296–301 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)91055-3

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)91055-3 1994

  33. [34]

    Fukuda, N., Nakamura, T., Aoi, N., Imai, N., Ishihara, M., Kobayashi, T., Iwasaki, H., Kubo, T., Mengoni, A., Notani, M., Otsu, H., Sakurai, H., Shi- moura, S., Teranishi, T., Watanabe, Y.X., Yoneda, K.: Coulomb and nuclear breakup of a halo nucleus 11Be. Phys. Rev. C70, 054606 (2004) https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.054606

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.70.054606 2004

  34. [35]

    Palit, R., Adrich, P., Aumann, T., Boretzky, K., Carlson, B.V., Cortina, D., Datta Pramanik, U., Elze, T.W., Emling, H., Geissel, H., Hellstr¨ om, M., Jones, K.L., Kratz, J.V., Kulessa, R., Leifels, Y., Leistenschneider, A., M¨ unzenberg, G., Nociforo, C., Reiter, P., Simon, H., S¨ ummerer, K., Walus, W.: Exclusive measurement of breakup reactions with th...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.68.034318 2003

  35. [36]

    Otsuka, T., Ishihara, M., Fukunishi, N., Nakamura, T., Yokoyama, M.: Neutron halo effect on direct neutron capture and photodisintegration. Phys. Rev. C49, 2289–2292 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.49.R2289

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.49.r2289 1994

  36. [37]

    The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei24(1), 63–67 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/ i2004-10129-2

    Nagarajan, M.A., Lenzi, S.M., Vitturi, A.: Low-lying dipole strength for weakly bound systems: A simple analytic estimate. The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei24(1), 63–67 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/ i2004-10129-2

    work page doi:10.1140/epja/ 2005

  37. [38]

    Smith, M., Brodeur, M., Brunner, T., Ettenauer, S., Lapierre, A., Ringle, R., Ryjkov, V.L., Ames, F., Bricault, P., Drake, G.W.F., Delheij, P., Lunney, D., Sarazin, F., Dilling, J.: First penning-trap mass measurement of the exotic halo nucleus 11Li. Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 202501 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.101.202501

    2008

  38. [39]

    tables, graphs and references

    Wang, M., Huang, W.J., F.G., K., G., A., Naimi, S.: The ame 2020 atomic mass 42 evaluation (ii). tables, graphs and references. Chinese Physics C45(3), 030003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf

    work page doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf 2020

  39. [40]

    Esbensen, H., Bertsch, G.F.: Soft dipole excitations in 11Li. Nucl. Phys. A 542(2), 310–340 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(92)90219-A

    work page doi:10.1016/0375-9474(92)90219-a 1992

  40. [41]

    Hagino, K., Sagawa, H.: Dipole excitation and geometry of borromean nuclei. Phys. Rev. C76, 047302 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.047302

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.76.047302 2007

  41. [42]

    Hussein, M.: Geometry of borromean halo nuclei

    Bertulani, C.A., S. Hussein, M.: Geometry of borromean halo nuclei. Phys. Rev. C76, 051602 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.051602

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.76.051602 2007

  42. [43]

    Esbensen, H., Hagino, K., Mueller, P., Sagawa, H.: Charge radius and dipole response of 11Li. Phys. Rev. C76, 024302 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevC.76.024302

    2007

  43. [44]

    Physics Letters B476(3), 219–225 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00141-6

    Marqu´ es, F.M., Labiche, M., Orr, N.A., Ang´ elique, J.C., Axelsson, L., Benoit, B., Bergmann, U.C., Borge, M.J.G., Catford, W.N., Chappell, S.P.G., Clarke, N.M., Costa, G., Curtis, N., D’Arrigo, A., de Oliveira Santos, F., de G´ oes Bren- nand, E., Dorvaux, O., Freer, M., Fulton, B.R., Giardina, G., Gregori, C., Gr´ evy, S., Guillemaud-Mueller, D., Hana...

    work page doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(00)00141-6 2000

  44. [45]

    Nuclear Physics A658(4), 313–326 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0375-9474(99)00376-0

    Suzuki, T., Kanungo, R., Bochkarev, O., Chulkov, L., Cortina, D., Fukuda, M., Geissel, H., Hellstr¨ om, M., Ivanov, M., Janik, R., Kimura, K., Kobayashi, T., Korsheninnikov, A.A., M¨ unzenberg, G., Nickel, F., Ogloblin, A.A., Ozawa, A., Pf¨ utzner, M., Pribora, V., Simon, H., Sit´ ar, B., Strmeˇ n, P., Sumiyoshi, K., S¨ ummerer, K., Tanihata, I., Winkler,...

    1999

  45. [46]

    Friar, J.L., Martorell, J., Sprung, D.W.L.: Nuclear sizes and the isotope shift. Phys. Rev. A56, 4579–4586 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4579

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva.56.4579 1997

  46. [47]

    Navas, S.,et al.: Review of particle physics. Phys. Rev. D110, 030001 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.030001 2024

  47. [48]

    Tsukada, K., Enokizono, A., Ohnishi, T., Adachi, K., Fujita, T., Hara, M., Hori, M., Hori, T., Ichikawa, S., Kurita, K., Matsuda, K., Suda, T., Tamae, T., Togasaki, M., Wakasugi, M., Watanabe, M., Yamada, K.: First elastic electron scattering from 132Xe at the scrit facility. Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 262501 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.262501 43

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.262501 2017

  48. [49]

    Tsukada, K., Abe, Y., Enokizono, A., Goke, T., Hara, M., Honda, Y., Hori, T., Ichikawa, S., Ito, Y., Kurita, K., Legris, C., Maehara, Y., Ohnishi, T., Ogawara, R., Suda, T., Tamae, T., Wakasugi, M., Watanabe, M., Wauke, H.: First obser- vation of electron scattering from online-produced radioactive target. Phys. Rev. Lett.131, 092502 (2023) https://doi.or...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.092502 2023

  49. [50]

    S´ anchez, R., N¨ ortersh¨ auser, W., Ewald, G., Albers, D., Behr, J., Bricault, P., Bushaw, B.A., Dax, A., Dilling, J., Dombsky, M., Drake, G.W.F., G¨ otte, S., Kirchner, R., Kluge, H.-J., K¨ uhl, T., Lassen, J., Levy, C.D.P., Pearson, M.R., Prime, E.J., Ryjkov, V., Wojtaszek, A., Yan, Z.-C., Zimmermann, C.: Nuclear charge radii of 9,11Li: The influence ...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.033002 2006

  50. [51]

    N¨ ortersh¨ auser, W., S´ anchez, R., Ewald, G., Dax, A., Behr, J., Bricault, P., Bushaw, B.A., Dilling, J., Dombsky, M., Drake, G.W.F., G¨ otte, S., Kluge, H.- J., K¨ uhl, T., Lassen, J., Levy, C.D.P., Pachucki, K., Pearson, M., Puchalski, M., Wojtaszek, A., Yan, Z.-C., Zimmermann, C.: Isotope-shift measurements of stable and short-lived lithium isotopes...

    work page doi:10.1103/physreva.83.012516 2011

  51. [52]

    Wang, L.-B., Mueller, P., Bailey, K., Drake, G.W.F., Greene, J.P., Henderson, D., Holt, R.J., Janssens, R.V.F., Jiang, C.L., Lu, Z.-T., O’Connor, T.P., Pardo, R.C., Rehm, K.E., Schiffer, J.P., Tang, X.D.: Laser spectroscopic determination of the 6He nuclear charge radius. Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 142501 (2004) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.142501

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.142501 2004

  52. [53]

    Physics Letters B116(4), 212–214 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(82)90327-6

    Sick, I.: Precise nuclear radii from electron scattering. Physics Letters B116(4), 212–214 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(82)90327-6

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)90327-6 1982

  53. [54]

    Kanada-En’yo, Y.: Dineutron structure in 8He. Phys. Rev. C76, 044323 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.044323

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.76.044323 2007

  54. [56]

    Itagaki, N., Ito, M., Arai, K., Aoyama, S., Kokalova, T.: Mixing of di-neutron components in 8He. Phys. Rev. C78, 017306 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevC.78.017306

    2008

  55. [57]

    Kobayashi, F., Kanada-En’yo, Y.: Dineutron formation and breaking in 8He. Phys. Rev. C88, 034321 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.034321

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.88.034321 2013

  56. [58]

    Yamaguchi, Y., Horiuchi, W., Ichikawa, T., Itagaki, N.: Dineutron-dineutron correlation in 8He. Phys. Rev. C108, 011304 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevC.108.L011304 44

    2023

  57. [59]

    Nakagawa, K., Kanada-En’yo, Y.:α+ 2 n+ 2 n3-body cluster structures and dineutron breaking in 8He. Phys. Rev. C112, 034309 (2025) https://doi.org/ 10.1103/tjnl-jnxp

    work page doi:10.1103/tjnl-jnxp 2025

  58. [60]

    Simon, H., Aleksandrov, D., Aumann, T., Axelsson, L., Baumann, T., Borge, M.J.G., Chulkov, L.V., Collatz, R., Cub, J., Dostal, W., Eberlein, B., Elze, T.W., Emling, H., Geissel, H., Gr¨ unschloss, A., Hellstr¨ om, M., Holeczek, J., Holzmann, R., Jonson, B., Kratz, J.V., Kraus, G., Kulessa, R., Leifels, Y., Leis- tenschneider, A., Leth, T., Mukha, I., M¨ u...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.496 1999

  59. [61]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 317, 294–304 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.089

    Kobayashi, T., Chiga, N., Isobe, T., Kondo, Y., Kubo, T., Kusaka, K., Moto- bayashi, T., Nakamura, T., Ohnishi, J., Okuno, H., Otsu, H., Sako, T., Sato, H., Shimizu, Y., Sekiguchi, K., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, R., Yoneda, K.: SAMU- RAI spectrometer for RI beam experiments. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.089 2013

  60. [62]

    Santamaria, C., Obertelli, A., Ota, S., Sasano, M., Takada, E., Audirac, L., Baba, H., Calvet, D., Chˆ ateau, F., Corsi, A., Delbart, A., Doornenbal, P., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Kondo, Y., Kubota, Y., Lahonde-Hamdoun, C., Lapoux, V., Leboeuf, D., Lee, C.S., Liu, H.N., Matsushita, M., Motobayashi, T., Niikura, M., Kurata-Nishimura, M., Otsu, H., Peyaud...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.053 2018

  61. [63]

    The European Physical Journal A47(9), 105 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11105-5

    Obertelli, A., Uesaka, T.: Hydrogen targets for exotic-nuclei studies developed over the past 10 years. The European Physical Journal A47(9), 105 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11105-5

    work page doi:10.1140/epja/i2011-11105-5 2011

  62. [64]

    Kikuchi, Y., Ogata, K., Kubota, Y., Sasano, M., Uesaka, T.: Determination of a dineutron correlation in borromean nuclei via a quasi-free knockout (p,pn) reac- tion. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics2016(10), 103–03 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptw148 https://academic.oup.com/ptep/article- pdf/2016/10/103D03/9621191/ptw148.pdf

    work page doi:10.1093/ptep/ptw148 2016

  63. [65]

    The European Physical Journal A57(3), 88 (2021) https: 45 //doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00384-0

    Corsi, A., Monteagudo, B., Marqu´ es, F.M.: The neutron dripline atZ= 4: the case of 13,15Be. The European Physical Journal A57(3), 88 (2021) https: 45 //doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00384-0

    work page doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00384-0 2021

  64. [66]

    Yang, Z.H., Kubota, Y., Corsi, A., Yoshida, K., Sun, X.-X., Li, J.G., Kimura, M., Michel, N., Ogata, K., Yuan, C.X., Yuan, Q., Authelet, G., Baba, H., Caesar, C., Calvet, D., Delbart, A., Dozono, M., Feng, J., Flavigny, F., Gheller, J.-M., Gibelin, J., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hasegawa, K., Isobe, T., Kanaya, Y., Kawakami, S., Kim, D., Kiyokawa, Y., Ko...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.082501 2021

  65. [67]

    Hagino, K., Sagawa, H.: Pairing correlations in nuclei on the neutron-drip line. Phys. Rev. C72, 044321 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.72.044321

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.72.044321 2005

  66. [68]

    Bertsch, G.F., Esbensen, H.: Pair correlations near the neutron drip line. Ann. of Phys.209(2), 327–363 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(91)90033-5

    work page doi:10.1016/0003-4916(91)90033-5 1991

  67. [69]

    Di-neutron

    Oganessian, Y.T., Zagrebaev, V.I., Vaagen, J.S.: “Di-neutron” configura- tion of 6He. Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 4996–4999 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.82.4996

    1999

  68. [70]

    Matsuo, M., Mizuyama, K., Serizawa, Y.: Di-neutron correlation and soft dipole excitation in medium mass neutron-rich nuclei near drip line. Phys. Rev. C71, 064326 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064326

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.71.064326 2005

  69. [71]

    Pillet, N., Sandulescu, N., Schuck, P.: Generic strong coupling behavior of Cooper pairs on the surface of superfluid nuclei. Phys. Rev. C76, 024310 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.024310

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.76.024310 2007

  70. [72]

    Progress of Theoreti- cal Physics126(3), 457–482 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.126.457 https://academic.oup.com/ptp/article-pdf/126/3/457/6866257/126-3-457.pdf

    Kobayashi, F., Kanada-En’yo, Y.: A new approach to investigate dineu- tron correlation and its application to 10Be. Progress of Theoreti- cal Physics126(3), 457–482 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.126.457 https://academic.oup.com/ptp/article-pdf/126/3/457/6866257/126-3-457.pdf

    work page doi:10.1143/ptp.126.457 2011

  71. [73]

    Catara, F., Insolia, A., Maglione, E., Vitturi, A.: Relation between pairing cor- relations and two-particle space correlations. Phys. Rev. C29, 1091–1094 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.29.1091

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.29.1091 1984

  72. [74]

    Hagino, K., Sagawa, H., Nakamura, T., Shimoura, S.: Two-particle correlations in continuum dipole transitions in borromean nuclei. Phys. Rev. C80, 031301 46 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.80.031301

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.80.031301 2009

  73. [75]

    Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 59(1), 432–445 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.01.022

    Dobaczewski, J., Michel, N., Nazarewicz, W., P loszajczak, M., Rotureau, J.: Shell structure of exotic nuclei. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 59(1), 432–445 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.01.022 . Interna- tional Workshop on Nuclear Physics 28th Course

    work page doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.01.022 2007

  74. [77]

    Kuchera, A.N., Shahid, R., Zhao, J., Edmondson, A., DeYoung, P.A., Frank, N., McDonaugh, J., Peterson-Veatch, O., Rogers, W.F., Redpath, T., Thoennessen, M.: Evidence for the 15Be ground state from 12Be + 3nevents. Phys. Rev. C 110, 064302 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.110.064302

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.110.064302 2024

  75. [78]

    Snyder, J., Baumann, T., Christian, G., Haring-Kaye, R.A., DeYoung, P.A., Kohley, Z., Luther, B., Mosby, M., Mosby, S., Simon, A., Smith, J.K., Spyrou, A., Stephenson, S., Thoennessen, M.: First observation of 15Be. Phys. Rev. C 88, 031303 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.031303

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.88.031303 2013

  76. [79]

    Kohley, Z., Baumann, T., Christian, G., DeYoung, P.A., Finck, J.E., Frank, N., Luther, B., Lunderberg, E., Jones, M., Mosby, S., Smith, J.K., Spyrou, A., Thoennessen, M.: Three-body correlations in the ground-state decay of 26O. Phys. Rev. C91, 034323 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.034323

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.91.034323 2015

  77. [80]

    Physics Letters B654(5), 160–164 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.08.052

    Sugimoto, T., Nakamura, T., Kondo, Y., Aoi, N., Baba, H., Bazin, D., Fukuda, N., Gomi, T., Hasegawa, H., Imai, N., Ishihara, M., Kobayashi, T., Kubo, T., Miura, M., Motobayashi, T., Otsu, H., Saito, A., Sakurai, H., Shimoura, S., Vinodkumar, A.M., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y.X., Yakushiji, T., Yanagisawa, Y., Yoneda, K.: The first 2 + state of 14Be. Physics...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.08.052 2007

  78. [81]

    Volya, A., Zelevinsky, V.: Continuum shell model. Phys. Rev. C74, 064314 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.064314

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevc.74.064314 2006

  79. [82]

    EPJ Web of Conferences38, 03003 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/ 20123803003 47

    Volya, Alexander: Physics of unstable nuclei: from structure to sequential decays. EPJ Web of Conferences38, 03003 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/ 20123803003 47

    work page doi:10.1051/epjconf/ 2012

  80. [83]

    first observation of ground state dineutron decay: 16Be

    Marqu´ es, F.M., Orr, N.A., Achouri, N.L., Delaunay, F., Gibelin, J.: Comment on “first observation of ground state dineutron decay: 16Be”. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 239201 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.239201

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.239201 2012

Showing first 80 references.