Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 136 references

This paper claims that cyclists' route choices are shaped by visual and non-visual streetscape factors, and that the combination of factors depends on the trip's purpose—with sports and commute trips showing the strongest, and divergent, de

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

T0 review · deepseek-v4-flash

2026-08-01 22:14 UTC pith:BHDYG4OD

load-bearing objection Potentially useful descriptive study whose central regression models trip purpose, not route choice, and whose abstract overstates what the data show. the 4 major comments →

arxiv 2607.15808 v1 pith:BHDYG4OD submitted 2026-07-17 cs.CV

Examining the Associations between Visual and Non-Visual Elements and Cyclists' Route Choices for Various Trip Purposes

Heyang Hua , Koichi Ito , Filip Biljecki This is my paper
classification cs.CV
keywords cycling route choicetrip purposestreet view imageryvisual perceptionactive mobilityGPS trajectoriesbuilt environmentMontreal
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper tries to establish that trip purpose is a key divider in how cyclists choose routes: actual routes differ from shortest paths systematically, and the difference is not uniform. Across all purposes, actual paths show more greenery, more people cycling and walking, and less sky and motorization than shortest paths. But commute trips and sports trips sit at opposite ends: commuters deviate modestly and favor pricier, residential, less land-use-mixed areas, while sports riders deviate far, seeking varied surroundings and higher-income neighborhoods. The authors argue these patterns, read from GPS trajectories and street-view images in Montreal, mean infrastructure and street design should be planned with trip purpose in mind.

Core claim

The central discovery is a purpose-stratified signature of route deviation. Using thousands of cycle trips with self-reported purposes and comparing each actual path to its shortest alternative, the paper finds that cyclists do not simply minimize distance: they accept longer routes for greener, calmer streetscapes. The signature is strongest for sports trips, which deviate the most, and for commute trips, which deviate least and prefer higher housing prices, lower male share, and lower land-use mix along the way. The paper concludes that the actual path is characterized by more greenery and active-mobility users and less sky and motorization than the shortest path, and that visual factors s

What carries the argument

The carrying mechanism is the compare-path variable—the fractional excess of actual over shortest path length (Eq. 6)—paired with non-overlapping path segments defined by a 20-meter radial threshold, on which street-view semantic segmentation pixel ratios (motorization, active mobility, obstruction, road, sidewalk, building, greenery, sky) and census-based socioeconomic variables are averaged. An analysis-of-variance-style multinomial regression with trip purpose as the outcome (Eq. 7) is then used to test which factors vary across purposes. The visual layer comes from semantic segmentation of street-view panoramas sampled at 10-meter intervals along each path.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the regression speaks to route choice: the model actually predicts trip purpose from path and visual variables, not route choice from purpose, so the causal direction implied by 'influence' rests on an assumption the equation does not test.

What would settle it

Re-estimate the model with compare_path (route deviation) as the outcome and trip purpose as a predictor, including interactions between purpose and greenery or motorization. If trip purpose's main or interaction effects disappear—or if a same-design study in another city finds no difference in greenery or motorization between actual and shortest paths—the central claim is falsified.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • Cyclists across purposes consistently ride routes with more greenery and active-mobility users and less motorization than the shortest alternative, so street greenery and traffic calming are not niche amenities.
  • Trip purpose, not just distance, determines how much cyclists detour: sports trips deviate most, while commute, school, and work trips track the shortest path closely.
  • Commute and sports trips have opposite route profiles (higher housing price and lower land-use mix versus higher land-use mix, income, and age), meaning one-size-fits-all bike infrastructure will likely miss either commuters or recreational riders.
  • Visual street elements—roads, sidewalks, motorization, and active mobility—differentiate trip purposes in the regression, while vegetation, sky, and obstruction do not, implying design priorities differ from greenery-only thinking.
  • The deviation measure correlates with trip length and duration, so longer rides are not just longer—they are deliberately less direct, especially for sports.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • A direct consequence the paper leaves implicit: shortest-path-based bicycle network analysis underweights the amenity value of scenery and calm, so bikeability indices that ignore trip purpose may rank routes wrong for most users.
  • A testable extension is to refit the model with route deviation (compare_path) as the outcome and trip purpose as a moderator; if purpose–streetscape interactions remain significant, the paper's framing is confirmed, and if not, 'purpose' may be largely a proxy for trip length and time of day.
  • Because street-view imagery is captured from cars, the visual ratios may reflect the driver's perspective rather than the cyclist's; a cyclist-mounted camera study could check whether the same route signatures appear.
  • The Montreal-specific mix of data (winter climate, bike-friendly infrastructure, 2013–2015 trips) means the specific coefficients may not transfer, but the method of comparing actual versus shortest path distributions by purpose transfers directly to other cities with GPS-labeled trip data.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. The paper analyzes cycling GPS trajectories from Montreal's MyVeVelo app (2013–2015), enriched with street view imagery (SVI) and non-visual built-environment/socioeconomic data, to ask whether the visual and non-visual characteristics of actual routes differ from those of shortest paths, and whether these differences vary by trip purpose (commute, sports, leisure, etc.). The empirical strategy has two parts: an origin–destination analysis of non-visual factors and a route-choice analysis comparing actual versus shortest paths. The headline finding is that cyclists' actual routes contain more greenery and active mobility and less sky and motorization than shortest paths, with purpose-specific effects, especially commute versus sports. The paper concludes with planning implications for purpose-targeted street design.

Significance. If substantiated, the result would advance the SVI-based active-mobility literature by adding trip-purpose stratification to route-preference analysis, with clear practical value for cycling infrastructure design. The paper's strengths include the use of real GPS trajectories with manually labeled trip purposes, fine-grained SVI sampling (10 m along paths), and reliance on open data and reproducible tools (ZenSVI, Mask2Former), which increase the credibility of the measurement pipeline. However, the central statistical analysis does not actually model route choice as an outcome, so the paper's main claim is not yet supported by the evidence it presents. The data and descriptive comparisons are valuable, but the multivariate analysis must be reoriented or substantially re-interpreted.

major comments (4)
  1. [§3.4.2, Eq. (7)] The multivariate model in Eq. (7) has trip purpose Y_i as its outcome variable, not route choice. The predictors include compare_path, visual variables, and non-visual variables, so the coefficients describe how these attributes are associated with trip purpose among the deviated-path segments, not how they shift the probability of choosing the actual path over the shortest path. The conclusion in §6 that 'the actual path is characterized by more greenery and active mobility users, as well as less sky and motorization' therefore is not supported by this model; it rests on the bivariate comparisons in Figures 4–5, which report no paired inferential tests. Please either re-estimate a route-choice model (e.g., a binary outcome actual vs. shortest on matched observations, with trip purpose as a moderator) or explicitly restrict the claims to purpose-differences in the characteristics of chos
  2. [§5] The AIC/BIC comparison between 'Model 1' (Eq. 5, Table 3) and 'Model 2' (Eq. 7, Table 4) is invalid because the two models are estimated on different samples: Table 3 has Resid. Df = 4557, while Table 4 has Resid. Df = 11235. The units also differ (trips vs. non-overlapping path segments). AIC and BIC are not comparable across different data sets, so the claim that 'Model 1's lower AIC and BIC suggest a better balance' is unsupported. Please compare models on the same estimation sample or use a within-sample criterion that is meaningful across different outcome datasets.
  3. [Appendix, Tables .5–.11] Many coefficients in the appendix model summaries are reported with NA standard errors and z-values, e.g., duration:4, speed:4, male proportion:3, housing price:2–7, month:4–5, distance:4, slope:4. These NAs suggest separation, collinearity, or non-identifiability in the fitted multinomial models. The manuscript does not acknowledge this issue or its consequences for inference. The reader cannot judge the reliability of the multivariate results without an explanation of these NAs, or a re-estimation that addresses them (e.g., penalized likelihood, removing redundant predictors, or checking the design matrix).
  4. [§4.2.1, Figures 4 and 5] The bivariate comparisons between actual and shortest paths rely on Z-score means with 95% confidence intervals, and the text asserts that some differences are 'statistically significant' or 'not statistically significant.' However, no formal paired tests (e.g., paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test on the non-overlapping segments within each trip purpose) are reported. Overlapping confidence intervals do not formally establish the absence of a difference, and the multiple-comparison issue across eight purposes is not addressed. Please report paired test statistics and effect sizes, or at minimum a clear statement of the descriptive nature of these comparisons, so that the central route-choice claim can be assessed.
minor comments (4)
  1. [§3.4.2] In the enumeration of visual variables, the list starts at V_2i (road) and continues to V_9i (motorization); V_1i is never defined. Please renumber consistently (e.g., V_1i = road, ..., V_8i = motorization).
  2. [§4.1.1] The text contains a typo: 'socioeconmic' should be 'socioeconomic.' Also, the observation that origin and destination variables are 'perfectly correlated' is important for the design; this should be stated in the methods section rather than only in the results, to justify dropping the destination variables.
  3. [§4.1.2 and §4.2.2] The term 'ANOV A' appears with an extra space in several places, including the table captions and the text. Please use 'ANOVA.'
  4. [§5] The comparison of pseudo-R² values (0.223 vs. 0.224) is described as 'similar,' but with different sample sizes and the aforementioned differences in model specification, this statement is not informative. Please provide a common metric or explain the caveat.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; the analysis is empirical and self-contained.

full rationale

The paper's load-bearing results are empirical regressions and descriptive comparisons over independently measured variables (GPS trajectories, OSM shortest paths, census data, and street-view segmentation). Equations 5 and 7 model observed trip-purpose probabilities as a function of trajectory, non-visual, and visual predictors; the coefficients are estimated from data, not derived from the outcome they purport to explain. The compare_path variable (Eq. 6) is a data transformation (actual vs. shortest length), not a fitted parameter later relabeled as a prediction. The route-choice conclusions in §6 rest on bivariate comparisons (Figs. 4–5), not on an equation that equates output with input. Self-citations to Ito and Biljecki (2021), Ito et al. (2024c), and Biljecki and Ito (2021) are tool/method/review references and do not carry the paper's empirical conclusions. A validity concern — Eq. 7's outcome is trip purpose rather than route choice, so the interpretation of its coefficients as route-choice influences is not directly supported — is a modeling/interpretation issue, not a definitional circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

3 free parameters · 5 axioms · 0 invented entities

No new physical entities are introduced. The central estimates rest on hand-set spatial radii, composite semantic indices, and regression coefficients fitted to Montreal data. Several domain assumptions about SVI perspective, segmentation transfer, route-set reference, and census aggregation are acknowledged or implicit.

free parameters (3)
  • Multinomial logistic regression coefficients (Eqs. 5, 7) = reported in Tables .5-.11 (dozens of estimates)
    All association claims come from these fitted coefficients; they are empirical estimates, not derived from theory.
  • Spatial buffer/radii (10m SVI sampling, 20m non-overlap, 50m land-use buffer, 100m POI radius, 500m O-D buffer) = fixed by authors
    Hand-set aggregation choices; no sensitivity analysis is reported, and results may change with radii.
  • Composite semantic indices (motorization, active mobility, obstruction) = sums of selected pixel ratios
    The groupings of Cityscapes classes are hand-selected; alternative groupings could change the visual-factor results.
axioms (5)
  • domain assumption Google Street View panoramas approximate the visual environment experienced by cyclists
    SVI is collected from vehicles and may miss the cyclist's eye-level perspective; the authors acknowledge this bias in §5.
  • domain assumption Cityscapes-pretrained Mask2Former semantic segmentation generalizes to Montreal street-view imagery
    The reported mIoU of 84.5% is on Cityscapes, not on Montreal SVI; no local validation is provided.
  • domain assumption OpenStreetMap shortest path is the appropriate reference route for cyclists' route choices
    No formal route-choice set is generated; the shortest path is taken as the default alternative without validation.
  • standard math Multinomial logit is an adequate model for trip-purpose categories
    Used in Eqs. 5 and 7 without testing the independence-of-irrelevant-alternatives assumption; a standard but substantive modeling choice.
  • domain assumption Census-area aggregation of income, age, and gender captures the socioeconomic context of trip origins and routes
    Ecological variables at dissemination-area/tract/subdivision scale may not reflect individual cyclists' characteristics.

pith-pipeline@v1.3.0-alltime-deepseek · 31180 in / 14236 out tokens · 127254 ms · 2026-08-01T22:14:42.554453+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

Understanding cyclist preferences for the characteristics of the built environment is important in promoting sustainable urban transportation and active mobility. Despite previous studies on cyclists' route choices, the influence of visual and non-visual factors on these choices for different trip purposes remains unclear; thus, this paper fills this gap through a data-driven case study in Montreal, Canada. Non-visual factors include socioeconomic factors and two-dimensional environments, while visual factors involve visual perception during cycling and are computed using street view images. The study consists of two parts: one part analyzes spatiotemporal information to explore the non-visual factors between the start and end points of cycling trips, and the other part investigates the discrepancies in distributions of these factors between the shortest path and the actual one. The findings reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics that influence active riding choices, such as increased greenery and lower levels of motorization. These insights can inform the planning of street networks and the development of infrastructure to improve the use of active transportation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.15808 by Filip Biljecki, Heyang Hua, Koichi Ito.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Our framework with four phases: 1) data collection, 2) spatial processing, 3) origin [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Correlation matrix of control variables for non-visual analysis, including the difference [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Distributions of various factors by cycling purpose [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Differences in non-visual factors between the shortest path and the actual path under [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Differences in visual factors between the shortest path and the actual path under different [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_5.png] view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

136 extracted references · 38 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    , author Pirdavani, A

    author Ahmed, T. , author Pirdavani, A. , author Wets, G. , author Janssens, D. , year 2024 . title Bicycle infrastructure design principles in urban bikeability indices: A systematic review . journal Sustainability volume 16 . https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/6/2545, :10.3390/su16062545

    work page doi:10.3390/su16062545 2024

  2. [2]

    , author Woodcock, J

    author Aldred, R. , author Woodcock, J. , author Goodman, A. , year 2016 . title Does more cycling mean more diversity in cycling? journal Transport reviews volume 36 , pages 28--44

    2016

  3. [3]

    , author Gonz \'a lez, M

    author Alhasoun, F. , author Gonz \'a lez, M. , year 2019 . title Streetify: Using Street View Imagery And Deep Learning For Urban Streets Development , in: booktitle 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data ( Big Data ) , pp. pages 2001--2006 . :10.1109/BigData47090.2019.9006384

    arXiv 2019

  4. [4]

    , author Zhou, X

    author Bao, H. , author Zhou, X. , author Hamann, C. , author Spears, S. , year 2023 . title Understanding children's cycling route selection through spatial trajectory data mining . journal Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives volume 20 , pages 100855

    2023

  5. [5]

    , author Ito, K

    author Biljecki, F. , author Ito, K. , year 2021 . title Street view imagery in urban analytics and GIS : A review . journal Landscape and Urban Planning volume 215 , pages 104217 . :10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104217

    arXiv 2021

  6. [6]

    , author Zhao, T

    author Biljecki, F. , author Zhao, T. , author Liang, X. , author Hou, Y. , year 2023 . title Sensitivity of measuring the urban form and greenery using street-level imagery: A comparative study of approaches and visual perspectives . journal International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation volume 122 , pages 103385 . :10.1016/j.jag.2...

    arXiv 2023

  7. [7]

    , author Zhou, Y

    author Bongiorno, C. , author Zhou, Y. , author Kryven, M. , author Theurel, D. , author Rizzo, A. , author Santi, P. , author Tenenbaum, J. , author Ratti, C. , year 2021 . title Vector-based pedestrian navigation in cities . journal Nature Computational Science volume 1 , pages 678--685 . :10.1038/s43588-021-00130-y

    work page doi:10.1038/s43588-021-00130-y 2021

  8. [8]

    , author Dons, E

    author Brand, C. , author Dons, E. , author Anaya-Boig , E. , author Avila-Palencia , I. , author Clark, A. , author de Nazelle , A. , author Gascon, M. , author Gaupp-Berghausen , M. , author Gerike, R. , author G \"o tschi, T. , author Iacorossi, F. , author Kahlmeier, S. , author Laeremans, M. , author Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. , author Pablo Orjuela, J. , ...

    arXiv 2021

  9. [9]

    , author Kumar, P

    author Brand, V.S. , author Kumar, P. , author Damascena, A.S. , author Pritchard, J.P. , author Geurs, K.T. , author Andrade, M.d.F. , year 2019 . title Impact of route choice and period of the day on cyclists' exposure to black carbon in London , Rotterdam and S \ a o Paulo . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 76 , pages 153--165 . :10.1016/j...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.03.007 2019

  10. [10]

    , author Pucher, J

    author Buehler, R. , author Pucher, J. , year 2012 . title Cycling to work in 90 large american cities: new evidence on the role of bike paths and lanes . journal Transportation volume 39 , pages 409--432

    2012

  11. [11]

    , author Pereira, E

    author Carvalhinho, L. , author Pereira, E. , author Dur \ a o, R. , author Rosa, P. , year 2024 . title Assessment of recreational and tourist cycling routes. Case study in the West Region of Portugal . journal Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism volume 45 , pages 100729 . :10.1016/j.jort.2023.100729

    arXiv 2024

  12. [12]

    , author Leslie, E

    author Cerin, E. , author Leslie, E. , author Owen, N. , year 2009 . title Explaining socio-economic status differences in walking for transport: An ecological analysis of individual, social and environmental factors . journal Social Science & Medicine volume 68 , pages 1013--1020 . :10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.008

    work page doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.008 2009

  13. [13]

    , author Misra, I

    author Cheng, B. , author Misra, I. , author Schwing, A.G. , author Kirillov, A. , author Girdhar, R. , year 2022 . title Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentation . :10.48550/arXiv.2112.01527, arXiv:2112.01527 http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01527

    Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2112.01527 2022

  14. [14]

    , author Cerin, E

    author Christiansen, L.B. , author Cerin, E. , author Badland, H. , author Kerr, J. , author Davey, R. , author Troelsen, J. , author Van Dyck, D. , author Mit \'a s , J. , author Schofield, G. , author Sugiyama, T. , et al., year 2016 . title International comparisons of the associations between objective measures of the built environment and transport-r...

    2016

  15. [15]

    , author Yao, E

    author Chung, J. , author Yao, E. , author Pan, L. , author Ko, J. , year 2024 . title Understanding the route choice preferences of private and dock-based public bike users using GPS data in Seoul , South Korea . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 116 , pages 103845 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103845

    arXiv 2024

  16. [16]

    , author Maciejewska, M

    author Codina, O. , author Maciejewska, M. , author Nadal, J. , author Marquet, O. , year 2022 . title Built environment bikeability as a predictor of cycling frequency: Lessons from barcelona . journal Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives volume 16 , pages 100725

    2022

  17. [17]

    , author L \'o pez-Lambas, M.E

    author Comendador, J. , author L \'o pez-Lambas, M.E. , author Monz \'o n, A. , year 2014 . title Urban built environment analysis: Evidence from a mobility survey in madrid . journal Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences volume 160 , pages 362--371

    2014

  18. [18]

    title The most bicycle-friendly cities of 2019

    author Copenhagenize , year 2019 . title The most bicycle-friendly cities of 2019 . howpublished Compenhagenizeindex . https://copenhagenizeindex.eu/. note accessed: April 8, 2024

    2019

  19. [19]

    , author Omran, M

    author Cordts, M. , author Omran, M. , author Ramos, S. , author Rehfeld, T. , author Enzweiler, M. , author Benenson, R. , author Franke, U. , author Roth, S. , author Schiele, B. , year 2016 . title The cityscapes dataset for semantic urban scene understanding , pages 3213--3223

    2016

  20. [20]

    , author Miralles-Guasch , C

    author Cubells, J. , author Miralles-Guasch , C. , author Marquet, O. , year 2023 a. title E -scooter and bike-share route choice and detours: Modelling the influence of built environment and sociodemographic factors . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 111 , pages 103664 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103664

    arXiv 2023

  21. [21]

    , author Miralles-Guasch , C

    author Cubells, J. , author Miralles-Guasch , C. , author Marquet, O. , year 2023 b. title Gendered travel behaviour in micromobility? Travel speed and route choice through the lens of intersecting identities . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 106 , pages 103502 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103502

    arXiv 2023

  22. [22]

    going through a little bit of growing pains

    author Desjardins, E. , author Apatu, E. , author Razavi, S.D. , author Higgins, C.D. , author Scott, D.M. , author Paez, A. , year 2021 . title “going through a little bit of growing pains”: A qualitative study of the factors that influence the route choice of regular bicyclists in a developing cycling city . journal Transportation research part F: traff...

    2021

  23. [23]

    , author Mohamed, M

    author Eldeeb, G. , author Mohamed, M. , author P \'a ez, A. , year 2021 . title Built for active travel? investigating the contextual effects of the built environment on transportation mode choice . journal Journal of transport geography volume 96 , pages 103158

    2021

  24. [24]

    , author Fischer, J

    author Ferster, C. , author Fischer, J. , author Manaugh, K. , author Nelson, T. , author Winters, M. , year 2020 . title Using openstreetmap to inventory bicycle infrastructure: A comparison with open data from cities . journal International Journal of Sustainable Transportation volume 14 , pages 64--73 . https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1519746, :1...

    arXiv 2020

  25. [25]

    , author Handy, S.L

    author Fitch, D.T. , author Handy, S.L. , year 2020 . title Road environments and bicyclist route choice: The cases of Davis and San Francisco , CA . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 85 , pages 102705 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102705

    arXiv 2020

  26. [26]

    , author Gauvin, L

    author Fuller, D. , author Gauvin, L. , author Kestens, Y. , author Daniel, M. , author Fournier, M. , author Morency, P. , author Drouin, L. , year 2013 . title Impact evaluation of a public bicycle share program on cycling: A case example of bixi in montreal, quebec . journal American Journal of Public Health volume 103 , pages e85--e92 . https://doi.or...

    arXiv 2013

  27. [27]

    , author Cintia, P

    author Furletti, B. , author Cintia, P. , author Renso, C. , author Spinsanti, L. , year 2013 . title Inferring human activities from GPS tracks , in: booktitle Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Urban Computing , publisher Association for Computing Machinery , address New York, NY, USA . pp. pages 1--8 . :10.1145/2505821.2505830

    arXiv 2013

  28. [28]

    , author Yang, Y

    author Gao, K. , author Yang, Y. , author Gil, J. , author Qu, X. , year 2023 . title Data-driven interpretation on interactive and nonlinear effects of the correlated built environment on shared mobility . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 110 , pages 103604

    2023

  29. [29]

    , author Handy, S

    author Garrard, J. , author Handy, S. , author Dill, J. , year 2012 . title Women and cycling . journal City cycling volume 2012 , pages 211--234

    2012

  30. [30]

    , author Appleton, K.M

    author Gatersleben, B. , author Appleton, K.M. , year 2007 . title Contemplating cycling to work: Attitudes and perceptions in different stages of change . journal Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice volume 41 , pages 302--312

    2007

  31. [31]

    , author Garcia, L.M.T

    author Goel, R. , author Garcia, L.M.T. , author Goodman, A. , author Johnson, R. , author Aldred, R. , author Murugesan, M. , author Brage, S. , author Bhalla, K. , author Woodcock, J. , year 2018 . title Estimating city-level travel patterns using street imagery: A case study of using Google Street View in Britain . journal PLOS ONE volume 13 , pages e0...

    work page doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196521 2018

  32. [32]

    , author Ma, Q

    author Gong, Z. , author Ma, Q. , author Kan, C. , author Qi, Q. , year 2019 a. title Classifying street spaces with street view images for a spatial indicator of urban functions . journal Sustainability volume 11 , pages 6424

    2019

  33. [33]

    , author Ma, Q

    author Gong, Z. , author Ma, Q. , author Kan, C. , author Qi, Q. , year 2019 b. title Classifying Street Spaces with Street View Images for a Spatial Indicator of Urban Functions . journal Sustainability volume 11 , pages 6424 . :10.3390/su11226424

    work page doi:10.3390/su11226424 2019

  34. [34]

    , author de Nazelle , A

    author G \"o tschi, T. , author de Nazelle , A. , author Brand, C. , author Gerike, R. , author Alasya, B. , author Anaya, E. , author Avila-Palencia , I. , author Banister, D. , author Bartana, I. , author Benvenuti, F. , author Boschetti, F. , author Brand, C. , author Buekers, J. , author Carniel, L. , author Carrasco Turigas, G. , author Castro, A. , ...

    2017

  35. [35]

    , author Mundaca, L

    author Gravett, N. , author Mundaca, L. , year 2021 . title Assessing the economic benefits of active transport policy pathways: Opportunities from a local perspective . journal Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives volume 11 , pages 100456 . :10.1016/j.trip.2021.100456

    arXiv 2021

  36. [36]

    , author Haworth, N

    author Griffin, W. , author Haworth, N. , year 2015 . title Male and female cyclist and driver perceptions of crash risk , in: booktitle Transportation Research Board (TRB) 94th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers , organization Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences . pp. pages 1--14

    2015

  37. [37]

    , author He, S.Y

    author Guo, Y. , author He, S.Y. , year 2020 . title Built environment effects on the integration of dockless bike-sharing and the metro . journal Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment volume 83 , pages 102335 . :10.1016/j.trd.2020.102335

    arXiv 2020

  38. [38]

    , author Loo, B.P.Y

    author Guo, Z. , author Loo, B.P.Y. , year 2013 . title Pedestrian environment and route choice: Evidence from New York City and Hong Kong . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 28 , pages 124--136 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.11.013

    work page doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.11.013 2013

  39. [39]

    , author Gore, C.J

    author Hahn, A.G. , author Gore, C.J. , year 2001 . title The effect of altitude on cycling performance: A challenge to traditional concepts . journal Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) volume 31 , pages 533--557 . :10.2165/00007256-200131070-00008

    work page doi:10.2165/00007256-200131070-00008 2001

  40. [40]

    , author Grigolon, A.B

    author Hartanto, K. , author Grigolon, A.B. , author Maarseveen, M. , author Brussel, M. , year 2017 . title Developing a Bikeability Index in the Context of Transit-Oriented Development ( TOD )

    2017

  41. [41]

    , author Biljecki, F

    author Hou, Y. , author Biljecki, F. , year 2022 . title A comprehensive framework for evaluating the quality of street view imagery . journal International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation volume 115 , pages 103094 . :10.1016/j.jag.2022.103094

    arXiv 2022

  42. [42]

    , author Lin, J.J

    author Hsueh, C. , author Lin, J.J. , year 2023 . title Influential factors of the route choices of scooter riders: A GPS-based data study . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 113 , pages 103719 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103719

    arXiv 2023

  43. [43]

    , author Wu, X

    author Hu, L. , author Wu, X. , author Huang, J. , author Peng, Y. , author Liu, W. , year 2020 . title Investigation of clusters and injuries in pedestrian crashes using GIS in Changsha , China . journal Safety Science volume 127 , pages 104710 . :10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104710

    arXiv 2020

  44. [44]

    , author Raungratanaamporn, I.s

    author Iamtrakul, P. , author Raungratanaamporn, I.s. , author Chayphong, S. , author Mateo-babiano, D. , year 2023 . title Impact of covid-19 pandemic on active mobility behavior and preference of university students , in: booktitle Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

    2023

  45. [45]

    , author Haworth, J

    author Ibrahim, M.R. , author Haworth, J. , author Cheng, T. , year 2021 . title Urban-i: From urban scenes to mapping slums, transport modes, and pedestrians in cities using deep learning and computer vision . journal Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science volume 48 , pages 76--93

    2021

  46. [46]

    , author Biljecki, F

    author Ito, K. , author Biljecki, F. , year 2021 . title Assessing bikeability with street view imagery and computer vision . journal Transportation research part C: emerging technologies volume 132 , pages 103371

    2021

  47. [47]

    , author Kang, Y

    author Ito, K. , author Kang, Y. , author Zhang, Y. , author Zhang, F. , author Biljecki, F. , year 2024 a. title Understanding urban perception with visual data: A systematic review . journal Cities volume 152 , pages 105169 . :10.1016/j.cities.2024.105169

    arXiv 2024

  48. [48]

    , author Quintana, M

    author Ito, K. , author Quintana, M. , author Han, X. , author Zimmermann, R. , author Biljecki, F. , year 2024 b. title Translating street view imagery to correct perspectives to enhance bikeability and walkability studies . journal International Journal of Geographical Information Science volume 0 , pages 1--31 . :10.1080/13658816.2024.2391969

    arXiv 2024

  49. [49]

    , author Zhu, Y

    author Ito, K. , author Zhu, Y. , author Abdelrahman, M. , author Liang, X. , author Fan, Z. , author Hou, Y. , author Zhao, T. , author Ma, R. , author Fujiwara, K. , author Ouyang, J. , author Biljecki, F. , year 2024 c. title Zensvi: An open-source software for integrated acquisition, processing and analysis of street view imagery . journal Computers, ...

    2024

  50. [50]

    , author Juh \'a sz, J

    author Jaber, A. , author Juh \'a sz, J. , author Csonka, B. , year 2021 . title An analysis of factors affecting the severity of cycling crashes using binary regression model . journal Sustainability volume 13 , pages 6945

    2021

  51. [51]

    , author Rietveld, P

    author Jacobs-Crisioni , C. , author Rietveld, P. , author Koomen, E. , author Tranos, E. , year 2014 . title Evaluating the Impact of Land-Use Density and Mix on Spatiotemporal Urban Activity Patterns : An Exploratory Study Using Mobile Phone Data . journal Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space volume 46 , pages 2769--2785 . :10.1068/a130309p

    work page doi:10.1068/a130309p 2014

  52. [52]

    , author Woo, A

    author Jeon, J. , author Woo, A. , year 2024 . title The effects of built environments on bicycle accidents around bike-sharing program stations using street view images and deep learning techniques: The moderating role of streetscape features . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 121 , pages 103992 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103992

    arXiv 2024

  53. [53]

    , author Grigolon, A.B

    author Juarez, R.N.R. , author Grigolon, A.B. , author Madureira, A.M. , year 2023 . title Cyclists’ perception of streetscape and its influence on route choice: A pilot study with a mixed-methods approach . journal Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour volume 99 , pages 374--388

    2023

  54. [54]

    , author Lee, S

    author Ki, D. , author Lee, S. , year 2021 . title Analyzing the effects of green view index of neighborhood streets on walking time using google street view and deep learning . journal Landscape and Urban Planning volume 205 , pages 103920

    2021

  55. [55]

    , author Woo, A

    author Kim, S. , author Woo, A. , year 2022 . title Streetscape and business survival: Examining the impact of walkable environments on the survival of restaurant businesses in commercial areas based on street view images . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 105 , pages 103480 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103480

    arXiv 2022

  56. [56]

    , author Christian, H.E

    author Knuiman, M.W. , author Christian, H.E. , author Divitini, M.L. , author Foster, S.A. , author Bull, F.C. , author Badland, H.M. , author Giles-Corti, B. , year 2014 . title A longitudinal analysis of the influence of the neighborhood built environment on walking for transportation: the reside study . journal American journal of epidemiology volume ...

    2014

  57. [57]

    , author Guhathakurta, S

    author Koo, B. , author Guhathakurta, S. , author Botchwey, N. , year 2022 . title How are Neighborhood and Street-Level Walkability Factors Associated with Walking Behaviors ? A Big Data Approach Using Street View Images . journal Environment and Behavior volume 54 , pages 211--241 . :10.1177/00139165211014609

    work page doi:10.1177/00139165211014609 2022

  58. [58]

    , author El-Geneidy, A

    author Krizek, K.J. , author El-Geneidy, A. , author Thompson, K. , year 2007 . title A detailed analysis of how an urban trail system affects cyclists’ travel . journal Transportation volume 34 , pages 611--624

    2007

  59. [59]

    , author Yu, K

    author Lee, J. , author Yu, K. , author Kim, J. , year 2021 . title Public Bike Trip Purpose Inference Using Point-of-Interest Data . journal ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information volume 10 , pages 352 . :10.3390/ijgi10050352

    work page doi:10.3390/ijgi10050352 2021

  60. [60]

    , author Sener, I.N

    author Lee, R.J. , author Sener, I.N. , year 2016 . title Transportation planning and quality of life: Where do they intersect? journal Transport policy volume 48 , pages 146--155

    2016

  61. [61]

    , author Li, C

    author Li, J. , author Li, C. , author Zhao, X. , author Wang, X. , year 2024 . title Do road network patterns and points of interest influence bicycle safety? Evidence from dockless bike sharing in China and policy implications for traffic safety planning . journal Transport Policy volume 149 , pages 21--35 . :10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.01.021

    work page doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.01.021 2024

  62. [62]

    , author Zhuang, C

    author Li, S. , author Zhuang, C. , author Tan, Z. , author Gao, F. , author Lai, Z. , author Wu, Z. , year 2021 . title Inferring the trip purposes and uncovering spatio-temporal activity patterns from dockless shared bike dataset in Shenzhen , China . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 91 , pages 102974 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.102974

    arXiv 2021

  63. [63]

    , author Santi, P

    author Li, X. , author Santi, P. , author Courtney, T.K. , author Verma, S.K. , author Ratti, C. , year 2018 . title Investigating the association between streetscapes and human walking activities using google street view and human trajectory data . journal Transactions in GIS volume 22 , pages 1029--1044

    2018

  64. [64]

    , author Yu, S

    author Li, X. , author Yu, S. , author Huang, X. , author Dadashova, B. , author Cui, W. , author Zhang, Z. , year 2022 a. title Do underserved and socially vulnerable communities observe more crashes? a spatial examination of social vulnerability and crash risks in texas . journal Accident Analysis & Prevention volume 173 , pages 106721

    2022

  65. [65]

    , author Zhang, C

    author Li, X. , author Zhang, C. , author Li, W. , author Ricard, R. , author Meng, Q. , author Zhang, W. , year 2015 . title Assessing street-level urban greenery using Google Street View and a modified green view index . journal Urban Forestry & Urban Greening volume 14 , pages 675--685 . :10.1016/j.ufug.2015.06.006

    work page doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.06.006 2015

  66. [66]

    , year 2020

    author Li, X.j. , year 2020 . title Examining the spatial distribution and temporal change of the green view index in New York City using Google Street View images and deep learning . journal Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science volume 48 . :10.1177/2399808320962511

    work page doi:10.1177/2399808320962511 2020

  67. [67]

    , author Peng, L

    author Li, Y. , author Peng, L. , author Wu, C. , author Zhang, J. , year 2022 b. title Street View Imagery ( SVI ) in the Built Environment : A Theoretical and Systematic Review . journal Buildings volume 12 , pages 1167 . :10.3390/buildings12081167

    work page doi:10.3390/buildings12081167 2022

  68. [68]

    , author Ettema, D

    author Liu, J. , author Ettema, D. , author Helbich, M. , year 2023 . title Street view environments are associated with the walking duration of pedestrians: The case of Amsterdam , the Netherlands . journal Landscape and Urban Planning volume 235 , pages 104752 . :10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104752

    arXiv 2023

  69. [69]

    , author Scott, D.M

    author Lu, W. , author Scott, D.M. , author Dalumpines, R. , year 2018 a. title Understanding bike share cyclist route choice using GPS data: Comparing dominant routes and shortest paths . journal Journal of Transport Geography volume 71 , pages 172--181 . :10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.07.012

    work page doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.07.012 2018

  70. [70]

    , author Scott, D.M

    author Lu, W. , author Scott, D.M. , author Dalumpines, R. , year 2018 b. title Understanding bike share cyclist route choice using gps data: Comparing dominant routes and shortest paths . journal Journal of transport geography volume 71 , pages 172--181

    2018

  71. [71]

    , year 2023

    author Ma, Z. , year 2023 . title Deep exploration of street view features for identifying urban vitality: A case study of Qingdao city . journal International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation volume 123 , pages 103476 . :10.1016/j.jag.2023.103476

    arXiv 2023

  72. [72]

    , author Becker, H

    author Marra, A.D. , author Becker, H. , author Axhausen, K.W. , author Corman, F. , year 2019 . title Developing a passive gps tracking system to study long-term travel behavior . journal Transportation research part C: emerging technologies volume 104 , pages 348--368

    2019

  73. [73]

    , author Kim, H.W

    author McCarty, D.A. , author Kim, H.W. , year 2023 . title A standardized european hexagon gridded dataset based on openstreetmap pois . journal Data in Brief volume 49 , pages 109315 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109315, :10.1016/j.dib.2023.109315

    arXiv 2023

  74. [74]

    , author Kastner, S

    author McMains, S. , author Kastner, S. , year 2011 . title Interactions of top-down and bottom-up mechanisms in human visual cortex . journal Journal of Neuroscience volume 31 , pages 587--597

    2011

  75. [75]

    title Plan d’action en sécurité routière 2005-2007

    author Ministère des Transports du Québec , year 2005 . title Plan d’action en sécurité routière 2005-2007 . http://www.bv.transports.gouv.qc.ca/per/1087034/02_2005.pdf. note accessed: April 8, 2024

    arXiv 2005

  76. [76]

    , author Tatah, L

    author Mizdrak, A. , author Tatah, L. , author Mueller, N. , author Shaw, C. , author Woodcock, J. , year 2023 . title Assessing the health impacts of changes in active transport: An updated systematic review . journal Journal of Transport & Health volume 33 , pages 101702 . :10.1016/j.jth.2023.101702

    arXiv 2023

  77. [77]

    , author Rieser-Sch \"u ssler, N

    author Montini, L. , author Rieser-Sch \"u ssler, N. , author Horni, A. , author Axhausen, K.W. , year 2014 . title Trip purpose identification from gps tracks . journal Transportation Research Record volume 2405 , pages 16--23

    2014

  78. [78]

    title Festival go vélo montreal

    author Montreal Tourism , year n.d. title Festival go vélo montreal . https://www.mtl.org/en/what-to-do/festivals-and-events/festival-go-velo-montreal. note accessed: April 8, 2024

    2024

  79. [79]

    , author Roche, S

    author Moradi, M. , author Roche, S. , author Mostafavi, M.A. , year 2021 . title Exploring five indicators for the quality of openstreetmap road networks: a case study of qu \ a bec, canada . journal Geomatica volume 75 , pages 178--208 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2021-0012, :10.1139/geomat-2021-0012

    work page doi:10.1139/geomat-2021-0012 2021

  80. [80]

    , author Nakaya, T

    author Nagata, S. , author Nakaya, T. , author Hanibuchi, T. , author Amagasa, S. , author Kikuchi, H. , author Inoue, S. , year 2020 . title Objective scoring of streetscape walkability related to leisure walking: Statistical modeling approach with semantic segmentation of google street view images . journal Health & Place volume 66 , pages 102428

    2020

Showing first 80 references.