Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle | Paper Citation Record

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This paper cites The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider

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This paper cites Testing Hadronic-Model Predictions of Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles and Ground-Particle Signals using Hybrid Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Testing Hadronic-Model Predictions of Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles and Ground-Particle Signals using Hybrid Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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This paper cites The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory

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This paper cites Update on testing of air-shower modelling us- ing combined data of the Pierre Auger Observatory and phenomenological consequences,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Update on testing of air-shower modelling us- ing combined data of the Pierre Auger Observatory and phenomenological consequences,

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Observation 9e542a7a-f706-4cb7-92ce-438263a1b502 · outbound

This paper cites Measure- ment of the Proton-Air Cross Section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measure- ment of the Proton-Air Cross Section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory,

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Observation 20cbb3ec-d682-4dce-b5f6-22cfe7eab87b · outbound

This paper cites Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high en- ergies with the Pierre Auger Observatory,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high en- ergies with the Pierre Auger Observatory,

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This paper cites Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers

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This paper cites Probabilistic mapping be- tween multiparticle production variables and the depth of maximum in proton-induced extensive air showers,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Probabilistic mapping be- tween multiparticle production variables and the depth of maximum in proton-induced extensive air showers,

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Observation a446e343-806d-42ba-91e0-2c38985793bd · outbound

This paper cites A Heitler model of extensive air showers,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle A Heitler model of extensive air showers,

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Observation 64871867-8645-4b34-826e-b13c112ee764 · outbound

This paper cites A mathematical theory of communica- tion,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle A mathematical theory of communica- tion,

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Observation 1129abd6-db82-4154-b4b3-f2318c574f91 · outbound

This paper cites Hadronic multiparticle production at ultra-high energies and ex- tensive air showers,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Hadronic multiparticle production at ultra-high energies and ex- tensive air showers,

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Observation 05d765e5-7f3d-4501-958a-2c17a6b67df4 · outbound

This paper cites Impact of modified characteristics of hadronic interactions on cosmic-ray observables for proton and nuclear primaries,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Impact of modified characteristics of hadronic interactions on cosmic-ray observables for proton and nuclear primaries,

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This paper cites Sibyll$^{\bigstar}$.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Sibyll$^{\bigstar}$

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Modified hadronic interactions in 3-dimensional simulations

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This paper cites One-dimensional hybrid approach to extensive air shower simulation,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle One-dimensional hybrid approach to extensive air shower simulation,

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This paper cites First results of fast one-dimensional hybrid simulation of EAS using CONEX,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle First results of fast one-dimensional hybrid simulation of EAS using CONEX,

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Observation b97e0777-1a2f-44d5-a00a-880f5865b4aa · outbound

This paper cites EPOS.LHC-R : a global approach to solve the muon puzzle.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle EPOS.LHC-R : a global approach to solve the muon puzzle

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This paper cites QGSJET-III model of high energy hadronic interactions: The formalism.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle QGSJET-III model of high energy hadronic interactions: The formalism

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This paper cites Hadronic interaction model SIBYLL 2.3d and extensive air showers,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Hadronic interaction model SIBYLL 2.3d and extensive air showers,

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This paper cites This could lead to different shifts in⟨X max⟩required of both models, so both models were kept in this Letter.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle This could lead to different shifts in⟨X max⟩required of both models, so both models were kept in this Letter

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle EPOS LHC : test of collective hadronization with LHC data

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This paper cites Monte Carlo treatment of hadronic interactions in enhanced Pomeron scheme: I. QGSJET-II model.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Monte Carlo treatment of hadronic interactions in enhanced Pomeron scheme: I. QGSJET-II model

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurements of the Cosmic Ray Composition with Air Shower Experiments

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This paper cites Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Ob- servatory. I. Measurements at energies above 1017.8 eV,.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Ob- servatory. I. Measurements at energies above 1017.8 eV,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Constraining pion interactions at very high energies by cosmic ray data

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurement of Meson Resonance Production in $\pi^{-} + $C Interactions at SPS energies

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The Surface Detector System of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5× 1018 eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The faser de- tector,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Interaction Cross Section and Flux as a Function of Energy at the LHC with FASER

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The LHCf de- tector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurements of longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions for neutral pions in the forward-rapidity region with the LHCf detector,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurement of energy flow, cross section and average inelasticity of forward neutrons produced in $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV}$ proton-proton collisions with the LHCf Arm2 detector

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurement of charged-particle production in $\sqrt{s_\text{NN}}=9.62$ TeV proton-oxygen collisions as a probe of cosmic-ray air showers with the ATLAS detector

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle On the model uncertainties for the predicted maximum depth of extensive air showers

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle A Heavy-Metal Scenario of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Binary neutron star mergers as the source of the highest energy cosmic rays

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Ultra-High-energy Cosmic Ray Pro- duction in Binary Neutron Star Mergers,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle thesis, U

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Cosmic ray event generator Sibyll 2.1

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The Nucleus- nucleus interaction, nuclear fragmentation, and fluctua- tions of extensive air showers,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Quark-Gluon String Model and EAS Simulation Prob- lems at Ultra-High Energies,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle QGSJET-II: Towards reliable descrip- tion of very high energy hadronic interactions,

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The hadronic interaction model Sibyll-2.3c and inclusive lepton fluxes

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Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Measurements and tests of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Observation 423c6682-9f96-4aed-ac7a-1f32f96b5a8a · outbound

This paper cites 1 of the main text, and all figures relating mean values of production variables of the primary interaction with⟨X max⟩, is obtained as follows.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle 1 of the main text, and all figures relating mean values of production variables of the primary interaction with⟨X max⟩, is obtained as follows

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:27.692956Z

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Observation 9de82a94-8f4f-42b1-aa9f-bf711b6f90d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:27.773055Z

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Observation c4d69a0a-8266-4f65-b636-6ddb1878d946 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:27.860326Z

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Observation dc8d66a9-a7a2-4b97-b388-60676bc9377d · outbound

This paper cites The corresponding bands are shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle The corresponding bands are shown in Figures 5 and 6

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:27.958033Z

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Observation 42167e5c-fbae-45a4-911b-9842fe2b5dfa · outbound

This paper cites 8 shows a scatter plot of⟨X max⟩versus⟨lnm total⟩, illustrating the weak correlation between these quantities.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle 8 shows a scatter plot of⟨X max⟩versus⟨lnm total⟩, illustrating the weak correlation between these quantities

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:28.046012Z

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Observation 89b765db-256c-45c6-8055-b032f696a2fd · outbound

This paper cites However, the slope,m, and intercept,b, of the relation,⟨X max⟩=m⟨v⟩+b, exhibit a mild dependence on energy.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle However, the slope,m, and intercept,b, of the relation,⟨X max⟩=m⟨v⟩+b, exhibit a mild dependence on energy

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:28.138395Z

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Observation fb2cf2f1-0fc8-4ad8-8280-d0a5026e33d4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:28.263918Z

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Observation de1921b4-c790-497c-9c79-342cb12992b3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:28.349103Z

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Observation c2546004-b2ba-4bd5-9bed-b1723f821c06 · outbound

This paper cites 2 into a single panel, shown in Fig.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle 2 into a single panel, shown in Fig

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:28.455831Z

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Observation dc1e5d51-afc2-4e0b-b432-9e577a45c80d · outbound

This paper cites [2], following the prescription of Ref.

Proton-air interaction properties at $\sqrt{s} \simeq 100$ TeV from shower-depth measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory and their connection to the Muon Puzzle [2], following the prescription of Ref

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T05:12:28.580917Z

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