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Rotation modified QCD equation of state across crossover at finite chemical potential
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 17 Aug 2026
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Our results show that increasing chemical potential enhances the thermodynamic quantities, whereas rotation suppresses them in the crossover region.
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It is well-established that at low baryon chemical potential, the transition from the confined hadronic phase to the deconfined partonic phase is a smooth crossover rather than a first or second-order phase transition. We develop a thermodynamically consistent hybrid equation of state to study the effect of global rotation on the equation of state across the QCD crossover that interpolates the hadronic and partonic phases. The temperature dependence of normalized thermodynamic observables, such as entropy density ($s/T^3$), pressure ($P/T^4$), energy density ($\varepsilon/T^4$), specific heat ($C_V/T^3$), and the square of speed of sound ($c_s^2$) in presence of rotation are investigated. The effect of non-zero chemical potential on thermodynamic quantities in presence of rotation is also studied. Our results show that increasing chemical potential enhances the thermodynamic quantities, whereas rotation suppresses them in the crossover region. Further, we investigate the effect of rotation on the conserved numbers susceptibilities and their correlations as a function of temperature. The susceptibilities and their correlations exhibit a systematic enhancement with increase in rotation in both the hadronic and partonic phases. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between rotation and QCD thermodynamics, which can have important implications for rapidly rotating strongly interacting matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | It is well-established that at low baryon chemical potential, the transition from the confined hadronic phase to the deconfined partonic phase is a smooth crossover rather than a first or second-order phase transition. | background 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | We develop a thermodynamically consistent hybrid equation of state to study the effect of global rotation on the equation of state across the QCD crossover that interpolates the hadronic and partonic phases. | contribution 0.81 | 0.95 | 0.04 | asserted 0.95 |
| s2 | The temperature dependence of normalized thermodynamic observables, such as entropy density ($s/T^3$), pressure ($P/T^4$), energy density ($\varepsilon/T^4$), specific heat ($C_V/T^3$), and the square of speed of sound ($c_s^2$) in presence of rotation are investigated. | contribution 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.03 | asserted 0.79 |
| s3 | The effect of non-zero chemical potential on thermodynamic quantities in presence of rotation is also studied. | contribution 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.03 | asserted 0.67 |
| s4 | Our results show that increasing chemical potential enhances the thermodynamic quantities, whereas rotation suppresses them in the crossover region. | result 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.61 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Further, we investigate the effect of rotation on the conserved numbers susceptibilities and their correlations as a function of temperature. | contribution 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.04 | asserted 0.53 |
| s6 | The susceptibilities and their correlations exhibit a systematic enhancement with increase in rotation in both the hadronic and partonic phases. | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.19 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | These findings provide new insights into the interplay between rotation and QCD thermodynamics, which can have important implications for rapidly rotating strongly interacting matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.15 | hedged possibility 0.77 |
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Original abstract
It is well-established that at low baryon chemical potential, the transition from the confined hadronic phase to the deconfined partonic phase is a smooth crossover rather than a first or second-order phase transition. We develop a thermodynamically consistent hybrid equation of state to study the effect of global rotation on the equation of state across the QCD crossover that interpolates the hadronic and partonic phases. The temperature dependence of normalized thermodynamic observables, such as entropy density ($s/T^3$), pressure ($P/T^4$), energy density ($\varepsilon/T^4$), specific heat ($C_V/T^3$), and the square of speed of sound ($c_s^2$) in presence of rotation are investigated. The effect of non-zero chemical potential on thermodynamic quantities in presence of rotation is also studied. Our results show that increasing chemical potential enhances the thermodynamic quantities, whereas rotation suppresses them in the crossover region. Further, we investigate the effect of rotation on the conserved numbers susceptibilities and their correlations as a function of temperature. The susceptibilities and their correlations exhibit a systematic enhancement with increase in rotation in both the hadronic and partonic phases. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between rotation and QCD thermodynamics, which can have important implications for rapidly rotating strongly interacting matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
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