Pith. sign in

REVIEW 1 major objections 1 minor 48 references

Prebiotic Chemistry Assemblies of L-Cysteine on Defect-Free Pyrite Terraces

T0 review · 1 major / 1 minor · reviewed 2026-07-01 · grok-4.3

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read L-Cysteine forms two supramolecular phases on atomically defect-free pyrite terraces through substrate and intermolecular cooperation.

desk verdict The paper shows L-Cys forming two trimer-based phases on pyrite terraces the authors prepared as defect-free, but the STM evidence for zero defects over relevant scales is not fully convincing. read the letter →

arxiv 2606.30929 v1 pith:2KSAMF3Q submitted 2026-06-29 cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph

Adriana E. Candia , Sindy J. Rodríguez , Vanina G. Franco , Mario C. G. Passeggi (Jr.) , Jorge Lobo-Checa , Myriam H. Aguirre This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.chem-ph
keywords L-CysteinePyriteFeS2(100)Self-assemblyPrebioticchemistrySupramolecularnetworksSTM/STSDefect-freeterraces
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The study examines L-Cysteine on carefully prepared, defect-free FeS2(100) terraces using STM/STS and DFT calculations. It identifies a compact ordered network and a less packed labile network, both stabilized by trimer-based interactions together with the mineral surface electronic structure. This finding indicates that pristine mineral interfaces can support amino acid self-assembly, opening a route to on-surface polymerization without reliance on defects and thereby aligning with proposals for pyrite's role in early molecular organization.

What carries the argument

Trimer-based intermolecular interactions cooperating with the FeS₂(100) electronic structure to stabilize the observed supramolecular networks.

What would settle it

Direct confirmation that the L-Cys phases appear exclusively when controlled defects are introduced, or absence of the phases on independently verified atomically flat terraces.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

L-Cys self-assemblies can be hosted on flawless FeS₂ terraces due to the cooperative interplay between substrate electronic structure and intermolecular interactions, without the participation of dominant defects. Two distinct supramolecular phases form: one compact and highly ordered, the other less packed and labile. Trimer-based intermolecular interactions drive the pattern formation, allowing the autocatalytic activity of pyrite to potentially initiate on-surface polymerization under primordial conditions.

Load-bearing premise

The prepared FeS2 terraces remain atomically defect-free over the length scales of the assemblies and the phases arise only from the reported interplay rather than any undetected defects or artifacts.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Pristine pyrite terraces can host stable L-Cys self-assemblies.
  • The substrate electronic structure participates directly in stabilizing the networks.
  • Autocatalytic pyrite activity could initiate polymerization of the non-static assemblies.
  • Regular interfaces contribute to supramolecular organization in prebiotic settings.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Other amino acids or small biomolecules may form comparable phases on perfect mineral surfaces under similar conditions.
  • Origin-of-life models could incorporate cooperative effects at defect-free interfaces as a standard pathway.
  • Targeted surface-preparation methods could enable controlled studies of polymerization kinetics on these phases.
  • The two observed network densities suggest different local environments for subsequent chemical reactions.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports STM/STS imaging combined with DFT calculations of L-Cysteine on FeS₂(100). It claims that atomically ordered, defect-free terraces were prepared and host two supramolecular phases—a compact, highly ordered network and a less-packed labile network—formed via trimer-based intermolecular interactions. These phases are attributed to cooperative interplay between the substrate electronic structure and intermolecular forces, without dominant defects, thereby supporting Wächtershäuser’s iron-sulfur world hypothesis for prebiotic chemistry on pristine mineral surfaces.

Significance. If the defect-free condition and mechanistic attribution hold, the work would demonstrate that regular pyrite terraces can support prebiotic self-assembly, broadening origin-of-life models beyond defect-centric views. The direct STM visualization of distinct phases and supporting DFT electronic-structure analysis constitute a concrete experimental-theoretical contribution in the field.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract and experimental results] Abstract and the experimental results section: the central claim that the observed supramolecular phases form 'without the participation of dominant defects' on 'flawless' terraces rests on the assertion of atomically ordered, defect-free FeS₂(100) surfaces. STM/STS images sample limited areas at finite resolution; the manuscript provides no quantitative defect-density statistics (e.g., defects per nm² from multiple large-area surveys), no explicit controls for preparation artifacts below the imaging threshold, and no discussion of how sparse undetected defects were ruled out. This directly undermines the load-bearing assertion that the phases arise solely from the reported substrate–molecule interplay.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the rendering of the author name contains escaped LaTeX quotes (W"achtersh"auser) that should be corrected for readability.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive and detailed review. The major comment highlights an important point regarding the strength of evidence for defect-free terraces, which we address below. We will revise the manuscript accordingly to strengthen this aspect of the work.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and experimental results] Abstract and the experimental results section: the central claim that the observed supramolecular phases form 'without the participation of dominant defects' on 'flawless' terraces rests on the assertion of atomically ordered, defect-free FeS₂(100) surfaces. STM/STS images sample limited areas at finite resolution; the manuscript provides no quantitative defect-density statistics (e.g., defects per nm² from multiple large-area surveys), no explicit controls for preparation artifacts below the imaging threshold, and no discussion of how sparse undetected defects were ruled out. This directly undermines the load-bearing assertion that the phases arise solely from the reported substrate–molecule interplay.

    Authors: We agree that quantitative defect-density statistics from multiple large-area surveys would provide stronger support for the claim of defect-free terraces and would address potential concerns about undetected sparse defects or preparation artifacts. In the revised manuscript, we will add explicit defect-density analysis (defects per nm²) based on surveys of multiple terraces exceeding 100 nm × 100 nm, report upper limits on defect density, and include a brief discussion of resolution limits and reproducibility across preparations. These additions will be placed in the experimental results section and referenced from the abstract. The core observation of trimer-based assemblies on the imaged terraces remains unchanged. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: empirical imaging and DFT results stand independently

full rationale

The paper presents STM/STS imaging of two L-Cys supramolecular phases on prepared FeS2(100) terraces together with supporting DFT calculations. No equations, fitted parameters, or predictions appear that reduce by construction to the inputs; the central claim that assemblies occur via trimer interactions on defect-free surfaces without dominant defects is advanced as an observational conclusion rather than a self-referential derivation. No self-citation chains, ansatzes smuggled via prior work, or uniqueness theorems are invoked to force the result. The work is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks of surface preparation and spectroscopy.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 2 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The work relies on standard surface-science methods and DFT approximations without introducing new free parameters, invented entities, or ad-hoc axioms beyond domain-standard assumptions.

assumptions (2)
  • standard math Standard DFT approximations for surface electronic structure and molecular adsorption
    DFT is invoked to interpret the observed phases and interactions.
  • domain assumption Pyrite(100) terraces can be prepared and maintained as atomically defect-free under UHV conditions
    The central claim depends on the existence of such terraces as the substrate.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Prebiotic Chemistry Assemblies of L-Cysteine on Defect-Free Pyrite Terraces." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/2KSAMF3Q

@misc{pith2026260630929,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Prebiotic Chemistry Assemblies of L-Cysteine on Defect-Free Pyrite Terraces},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/2KSAMF3Q}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2606.30929}
}
abstract

W\"achtersh\"auser's theory proposes iron-sulfur minerals as key platforms for molecular synthesis and supramolecular organization in prebiotic environments. However, defects have been traditionally considered at the center of such assemblies, thereby underestimating the contributions of regular and pristine interfaces. Here, we combine scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) with density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the fundamental prebiotic chemistry system of L-Cysteine (L-Cys) on defectless FeS$_2$(100) terraces. To do so, we first achieved atomically ordered, defect-free terraces that act as support of two distinct supramolecular phases of L-Cys: one compact, highly ordered supramolecular network and another less packed, labile supramolecular network. We unveil trimer-based intermolecular interactions to be at the origin of these pattern formations. These results demonstrate that L-Cys self-assemblies can be hosted on flawless FeS$_2$ terraces due to the cooperative interplay between substrate electronic structure and intermolecular interactions, without the participation of dominant defects. Therefore, the autocatalytic activity of pyrite could have triggered the on-surface polymerization process of these non-static self-assembled structures under primordial conditions, thereby endorsing W\"achtersh\"auser's postulates on the origin of life.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.30929 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. (a) Schematic illustration of a well-ordered FeS [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Structural and electronic characterization of the defect-free FeS2(100) surface. (a) Large-scale STM topographic image acquired after annealing at 590 K for 6 h under UHV conditions. (b) (1 × 1) LEED pattern recorded at 110 eV. (c) Atomically resolved STM image acquired within the green square marked in (a), with the structural model overlaid as a visual guide (Fe: blue; S: yellow). (d) Line profile measured along t… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Experimental and theoretical characterization of the L-Cys supramolecular phases formed on FeS2(100). The upper panels correspond to the ordered compact supramolecular network (L-Cys-CSN). (a) STM topographic image of a representative L-Cys-CSN domain. (b) High-resolution STM image together with the corresponding two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) analysis of the region delimited by the dashed box in (a… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: DFT models of L-Cys adsorption on the pristine FeS2(100) surface. (a) Supercell used to model the sulfur￾terminated FeS2(100) surface, showing the slab geometry and the division between relaxed and fixed atomic layers. (b) Optimized adsorption configurations considered…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

48 extracted references · 48 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Wächtershäuser

    G. Wächtershäuser. Before enzymes and templates: theory of surface metabolism.Microbiol. Rev., 52:452–484, 1988

    work page 1988

  2. [2]

    Cody, Nabil Z

    George D. Cody, Nabil Z. Boctor, Timothy R. Filley, Robert M. Hazen, James H. Scott, Anurag Sharma, and Hatten S. Yoder Jr. Primordial carbonylated iron–sulfur compounds and the synthesis of pyruvate.Science, 289:1337–1340, 2000

    work page 2000

  3. [3]

    M. J. Russell and A. J. Hall. The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and ph front.Journal of the Geological Society, 154:377–402, 1997

    work page 1997

  4. [4]

    William Martin and Michael J. Russell. On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent.Philo- sophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1486):1887–1926, 2007

    work page 1926

  5. [5]

    Seewald, Mikhail Yu

    Jeffrey S. Seewald, Mikhail Yu. Zolotov, and Thomas McCollom. Experimental investigation of single carbon compounds under hydrothermal conditions.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(2):446–460, 2006

    work page 2006

  6. [6]

    Brand, Roland A

    Johannes Dörr, Mark; Käßbohrer, Renate Grunert, Günter Kreisel, Willi A. Brand, Roland A. Werner, Heike Geilmann, Christina Apfel, Christian Robl, and Wolfgang Weigand. A possible prebiotic formation of ammonia from dinitrogen on iron sulfide surfaces.Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 42(13):1540–1543, 2003

    work page 2003

  7. [7]

    Matreux, P

    T. Matreux, P. Aikkila, B. Scheu, D. Braun, and C.B. Mast. Heat flows enrich prebiotic building blocks and enhance their reactivity.Nature, 628:110–116, 2024

    work page 2024

  8. [8]

    Sutherland

    John D. Sutherland. Studies on the origin of life—the end of the beginning.Nature Reviews Chemistry, 1(2):0012, 2017. 8 APREPRINT- JULY1, 2026

    work page 2017

Show all 48 references
  1. [9]

    Joyce and Jack W

    Gerald F. Joyce and Jack W. Szostak. Protocells and rna self-replication.Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 4(9):a003608, 2012

    2012

  2. [10]

    Benner, Elizabeth A

    Steven A. Benner, Elizabeth A. Bell, Elisa Biondi, Ramon Brasser, Thomas Carell, Hyo-Joong Kim, and Stephen J. Mojzsis. When did life likely emerge on earth in an rna-first process?ChemSystemsChem, 1(6):e1900035, 2019

    2019

  3. [11]

    A stepwise emergence of evolution in the rna world.FEBS Letters, 2025

    Philippe Nghe. A stepwise emergence of evolution in the rna world.FEBS Letters, 2025

    2025

  4. [12]

    R. M. Hazen and D. A. Sverjensky. Mineral surfaces, geochemical complexities, and the origins of life.Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 2:a002162, 2010

    2010

  5. [13]

    Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2020

    Juan Manuel García-Ruiz.Biomorphs, pages 1–5. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2020

    2020

  6. [14]

    Morowitz.The Origin and Nature of Life on Earth: The Emergence of the Fourth Geosphere

    Eric Smith and Harold J. Morowitz.The Origin and Nature of Life on Earth: The Emergence of the Fourth Geosphere. Cambridge University Press, 2016

    2016

  7. [15]

    Jack W. Szostak. The narrow road to the deep past: In search of the chemistry of the origin of life.Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 56:11037–11043, 2017

    2017

  8. [16]

    Vaughan and James R

    D.-J. Vaughan and James R. Craig.Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York, 1978

    1978

  9. [17]

    Rickard and G

    D. Rickard and G. W. Luther. Chemistry of iron sulfides.Chem. Rev., 107:514–562, 2007

    2007

  10. [18]

    J. W. Morse, F. J. Millero, J. C. Cornwell, and D. Rickard. The chemistry of the hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide systems in natural waters.Earth-Science Reviews, 24:1–42, 1987

    1987

  11. [19]

    Glavin and Jason P

    Daniel P. Glavin and Jason P. Dworkin. Enrichment of the amino acid l-isovaline by aqueous alteration on ci and cm meteorite parent bodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(14):5487–5492, 2009

    2009

  12. [20]

    D. P. Glavin, Andrew D. Aubrey, Michael P. Callahan, Jason P. Dworkin, Jamie E. Elsila, Eric T. Parker, Jeffrey L. Bada, Peter Jenniskens, and Muawia H. Shaddad. Extraterrestrial amino acids in the almahata sitta meteorite. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 45(10-11):1695–1709, 2010

    2010

  13. [21]

    Fragmented deoxyribonucleic acid could be extractable from mars’s surface rocks.Communications Earth & Environment, 6:838, 2025

    Maria-Paz Zorzano, Jyothi Basapathi Raghavendra, Daniel Carrizo, Fuencisla Cañadas, Mariana Reyes-Prieto, Giuseppe D’Auria, and Javier Martin-Torres. Fragmented deoxyribonucleic acid could be extractable from mars’s surface rocks.Communications Earth & Environment, 6:838, 2025

    2025

  14. [22]

    Aponte, Jason P

    Angel Mojarro, José C. Aponte, Jason P. Dworkin, Jamie E. Elsila, Daniel P. Glavin, Harold C. Connolly, and Dante S. Lauretta. Prebiotic organic compounds in samples of asteroid bennu indicate heterogeneous aqueous alteration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 12...

    2025

  15. [23]

    Sandford, Zack Gainsforth, Michel Nuevo, Matthew A

    Scott A. Sandford, Zack Gainsforth, Michel Nuevo, Matthew A. Marcus, Hans A. Bechtel, Ryan C. Ogliore, Clive Jones, Gerardo Dominguez, Daniel P. Glavin, Jason P. Dworkin, Timothy J. McCoy, Sara Russell, Thomas J. Zega, Harold C. Connolly, and Dante S. Lauretta. Nitrogen- and o...

    2025

  16. [24]

    Glavin, Jason P

    Yoshihiro Furukawa, Sako Sunami, Yoshinori Takano, Toshiki Koga, Yuta Hirakawa, Yasuhiro Oba, Hiroshi Naraoka, Daisuke Saigusa, Takaaki Yoshikawa, Satoru Tanaka, Daniel P. Glavin, Jason P. Dworkin, Harold C. Connolly Jr., and Dante S. Lauretta. Bio-essential sugars in samples ...

    2026

  17. [25]

    Nguyen, Laura B

    Ann N. Nguyen, Laura B. Seifert, Kei Shimizu, Kathie Thomas-Keprta, Loan Le, Lindsay P. Keller, Simon J. Clemett, Zia Rahman, Jessica J. Barnes, Harold C. Connolly Jr., and Dante S. Lauretta. Abundant supernova dust and heterogeneous aqueous alteration revealed by stardust in ...

    2025

  18. [26]

    Smith, A

    C.B. Smith, A. Idris, E.C.M. Ting, and I. Paci. l-cysteine chemisorption on gold: an xps and stm study.Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 27:20368–20376, 2025

    2025

  19. [27]

    Novel mixed self-assembled monolayers of l-cysteine and methanol on gold surfaces under ambient conditions.Nanoscale, 16:15366–15380, 2024

    Vanina Gisela Franco, Sindy Julieth Rodríguez, Florencia Carolina Calaza, Mario César Guillermo Passeggi, and Gustavo Daniel Ruano. Novel mixed self-assembled monolayers of l-cysteine and methanol on gold surfaces under ambient conditions.Nanoscale, 16:15366–15380, 2024

    2024

  20. [28]

    Self-assembly of (l)-cysteine molecules at ag(110): A scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy study.Langmuir, 42:8290–8300, 2026

    Elina Mkrtchian, Anshika Singh, Ola Alayan, Giovanni Carraro, Marco Smerieri, Igor Pi´s, Silvia Nappini, Luca Vattuone, Gianangelo Bracco, Mario Rocca, Elena Magnano, and Letizia Savio. Self-assembly of (l)-cysteine molecules at ag(110): A scanning tunneling microscopy and x-r...

    2026

  21. [29]

    Herbert, A

    F.W. Herbert, A. Krishnamoorthy, K.J. Van Vliet, and B. Yildiz. Quantification of electronic band gap and surface states on fes2(100).Surface Science, 618:53–61, 2013. 9 APREPRINT- JULY1, 2026

    2013

  22. [30]

    C. M. Eggleston, J.-J. Ehrhardt, and W. Stumm. Surface structural controls on pyrite oxidation kinetics: An xps, ups and stm study.American Mineralogist, 81:1036–1056, 1996

    1996

  23. [31]

    K. M. Rosso, U. Becker, and M. F. Hochella. The interaction of pyrite (100) surfaces with o2 and h2o: Fundamental oxidation mechanisms.American Mineralogist, 84:1549–1561, 1999

    1999

  24. [32]

    Rosso and David J

    Kevin M. Rosso and David J. Vaughan. Reactivity of sulfide mineral surfaces.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 61(1):557–607, 2006

    2006

  25. [33]

    Sanchez-Arenillas, S

    M. Sanchez-Arenillas, S. Galvez-Martinez, and E. Mateo-Marti. Sulfur amino acids and alanine on pyrite (100) by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy: Surface or molecular role?Applied Surface Science, 414:303–312, 2017

    2017

  26. [34]

    Dos Santos, M

    E. Dos Santos, M. Lourenco, L.G.M. Pettersson, and H.A. Duarte. Stability, structure, and electronic properties of the pyrite/arsenopyrite solid-solid interface-a dft study.Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121:8042–8051, 2018

    2018

  27. [35]

    Galvez-Martinez, E

    S. Galvez-Martinez, E. Escamilla-Roa, M. Zorzano, and E. Mateo-Marti. Defects on a pyrite(100) surface produce chemical evolution of glycine under inert conditions: experimental and theoretical approaches.Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21:24535, 2016

    2016

  28. [36]

    Stirling, M

    A. Stirling, M. Bernasconi, and M. Parrinello. Ab initio simulation of water interaction with the (100) surface of pyrite.J. Chem. Phys., 118:8917–8926, 2003

    2003

  29. [37]

    H. W. Nesbitt, M. Scaini, H. Höchst, G. M. Bancroft, A. G. Schaufuss, and R. Szargan. Synchrotron xps evidence for Fe2+–S and Fe 3+–S surface species on pyrite fracture surfaces, and their 3d electronic states.American Mineralogist, 85:850–857, 2000

    2000

  30. [38]

    Beinert, R

    H. Beinert, R. H. Holm, and E. Münck. Iron-sulfur clusters: nature’s modular, multipurpose structures.Science, 277:653–659, 1997

    1997

  31. [39]

    D. C. Johnson, D. R. Dean, A. D. Smith, and M. K. Johnson. Structure, function, and formation of biological iron-sulfur clusters.Annu. Rev. Biochem., 74:247–281, 2005

    2005

  32. [40]

    N. H. de Leeuw and S. C. Parker. Surface structure and morphology of pyrite (fes2) crystals: Implications for reactivity.Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 104:9935–9941, 2000

    2000

  33. [41]

    Understanding the surfaces and crystal growth of pyrite fes2.Materials Research, 22(1):e20171140, 2018

    Corinne Arrouvel and Jean-Guillaume Eon. Understanding the surfaces and crystal growth of pyrite fes2.Materials Research, 22(1):e20171140, 2018

    2018

  34. [42]

    K. M. Rosso, U. Becker, and M. F. Hochella. Atomically resolved electronic structure of pyrite (100) surfaces: An experimental and theoretical investigation with implications for reactivity.American Mineralogist, 84:1535–1548, 1999

    1999

  35. [43]

    A. G. Schaufuß, H. W. Nesbitt, I. Kartio, K. Laajalehto, G. M. Bancroft, and R. Szargan. Reactivity of surface chemical states on fractured pyrite.Surface Science, 411:321–328, 1998

    1998

  36. [44]

    R. M. Feenstra. Tunneling spectroscopy of the (110) surface of direct-gap iii-v semiconductors.Physical Review B, 50:4561–4570, 1994

    1994

  37. [45]

    Teichmann, M

    K. Teichmann, M. Wenderoth, S. Loth, R. G. Ulbrich, J. K. Garleff, A. P. Wijnheijmer, and P. M. Koenraad. Controlled charge switching on a single donor with a scanning tunneling microscope.Physical Review Letters, 101:076103, 2008

    2008

  38. [46]

    Suzuki, T

    T. Suzuki, T. Yano, M. Hara, and Ebisuzaki T. Cysteine and cystine adsorption on fes2(100).Surface Science, 674:6–12, 2019

    2019

  39. [47]

    Nelson and Michael M

    David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox.Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman, New York, 7 edition, 2017

    2017

  40. [48]

    Zheng, X

    X. Zheng, X. Pan, Z. Nie, Y . Yang, L. Liu, H. Yang, and J. Xia. Combined xps and dft investigation of cysteine adsorption on fes2(100) surface.Minerals, 8:366, 2018. 10

    2018

Pith tools

Reviewed July 1, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.