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A Massive Black Hole 0.8 kpc from the Host Nucleus Revealed by the Offset Tidal Disruption Event AT2024tvd

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arxiv 2502.17661 v2 pith:2TXNH72T submitted 2025-02-24 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE

Yuhan Yao , Ryan Chornock , Charlotte Ward , Erica Hammerstein , Itai Sfaradi , Raffaella Margutti , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Wenbin Lu
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Chang Liu Jacob Wise Jesper Sollerman Kate D. Alexander Eric C. Bellm Andrew J. Drake Christoffer Fremling Marat Gilfanov Matthew J. Graham Steven L. Groom K. R. Hinds S. R. Kulkarni Adam A. Miller James C. A. Miller-Jones Matt Nicholl Daniel A. Perley Josiah Purdum Vikram Ravi R. Michael Rich Nabeel Rehemtulla Reed Riddle Roger Smith Robert Stein Rashid Sunyaev Sjoert van Velzen Avery Wold
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keywords at2024tvdhostblackoffsetgalaxiesgalaxyholemass
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abstract

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) that are spatially offset from the nuclei of their host galaxies offer a new probe of massive black hole (MBH) wanderers, binaries, triples, and recoiling MBHs. Here we present AT2024tvd, the first off-nuclear TDE identified through optical sky surveys. High-resolution imaging with the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} shows that AT2024tvd is $0.914\pm 0.010^{\prime\prime}$ offset from the apparent center of its host galaxy, corresponding to a projected distance of $0.808\pm 0.009$ kpc at $z=0.045$. Chandra and VLA observations support the same conclusion for the TDE's X-ray and radio emission. AT2024tvd exhibits typical properties of nuclear TDEs, including a persistent hot UV/optical component that peaks at $L_{\rm bb}\sim 6\times 10^{43}\,{\rm erg\,s^{-1}}$, broad hydrogen lines in its optical spectra, and delayed brightening of luminous ($L_{\rm X,peak}\sim 3\times 10^{43}\,{\rm erg\,s^{-1}}$), highly variable soft X-ray emission. The MBH mass of AT2024tvd is $10^{6\pm1}\,M_\odot$, at least 10 times lower than its host galaxy's central black hole mass ($\gtrsim 10^8\,M_\odot$). The MBH in AT2024tvd has two possible origins: a wandering MBH from the lower-mass galaxy in a minor merger during the dynamical friction phase or a recoiling MBH ejected by triple interactions. Combining AT2024tvd with two previously known off-nuclear TDEs discovered in X-rays (3XMM J2150 and EP240222a), which likely involve intermediate-mass black holes in satellite galaxies, we find that the parent galaxies of all three events are very massive ($\sim 10^{10.9}\,M_\odot$). This result aligns with expectations from cosmological simulations that the number of offset MBHs scales linearly with the host halo mass.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Triple radio flares from tidal disruption events: jet-wind collisions and the discovery of a third radio flare from AT2020vwl

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The TDE AT2020vwl showed a third radio flare at the time a jet-wind collision was predicted from its first two flares, the first predicted-and-confirmed third flare.

  2. AT2019ijn: a fast-rising, slow-decaying blue optical transient with exceptionally bright radio emission

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    AT2019ijn combines LFBOT-like fast optical rise and blue color with slow decay and radio luminosity peaking late at 2e31 erg/s/Hz, best fit as an off-axis jetted IMBH TDE.

  3. A luminous and hot infrared through X-ray transient at a 5 kpc offset from a dwarf galaxy

    astro-ph.HE 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    AT 2024puz is a luminous, fast, blue optical transient with X-rays, located 5 kpc from a dwarf galaxy and likely powered by accretion onto a 50 to 100,000 solar mass black hole.

  4. AT 2022csn: A Photometrically Peculiar Optical/UV Tidal Disruption Event in a Type II AGN

    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AT 2022csn is a luminous optical/UV tidal disruption event with an 18-day double-peaked light curve, low blackbody temperature, and large radius, hosted by a likely Type II AGN.

  5. The Radio Properties of Extreme Coronal Line Emitters: Constraints on the Sub-parsec Environment

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    About half of low-redshift ECLEs are radio-bright like TDEs/AGN; SED modeling of four shows the ECL gas is clumpy (f_V ~ 10^{-5}-10^{-2}) and spatially distinct from the radio-emitting region.

  6. Radio Observations of the Unusual Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022wtn: a Fast and Highly Energetic Outflow

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AT 2022wtn produced a uniquely powerful non-relativistic radio outflow (v~0.21c spherical; energy ~3.8e49 erg) consistent only with a delayed accretion-disk state transition.

  7. Tidal Disruption Events with the SKA

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    With its projected sensitivity, low-frequency coverage, and VLBI, the SKA would shift tidal disruption event radio studies from a handful of events to hundreds, enabling population-level inference on jets, black-hole ...

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