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Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors
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abstract
We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics and spatial distribution of energy, momentum, and internal forces within the proton. The flavor decomposition of the quark sector indicates the role of each flavor in the proton's pressure and shear force distributions. Our results show that the up quark contributes more significantly compared to the down quark in the three conserved proton GFFs, as well as in the energy and shear force distributions. Additionally, we define the non-conserved form factor $\bar{c}^q (t)$, which takes part in the distributions of energy and pressure; the latter is essential for maintaining proton stability. Furthermore, we determine the proton's mass and mechanical radii, providing valuable insight into its internal structure and dynamics.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Revisiting Quark Confinement in the Proton through the Force on Quarks
Using light-cone sum-rule input and Tikhonov-regularized inversion, the paper reconstructs the quark confining force in the proton and confirms an attractive, approximately linear-potential force at intermediate distances.
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Constraints on the mass of the dark antibaryon using $B_d\rightarrow \Lambda \psi_{DS}$ channel in light cone QCD
The mass ranges for the dark antibaryon ψ_DS are determined by deriving the B_d → Λ ψ_DS branching fraction via light-cone QCD sum rules and comparing it to BaBar and Belle experimental bounds.
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Gluon Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton Confronted with Lattice Data II
σ-pole residues in gluon D-form factors for π, N, ρ and Δ are consistent with dilaton effective theory predictions within large uncertainties.
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Gravitational form factors of the nucleon in the Skyrme model based on scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory
A Skyrme model with a dilaton field attributes the proton's negative internal pressure and confining force to the gluonic scale anomaly, and reproduces the lattice QCD D(t) form factor.
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Mechanical properties of the $\Omega^-$ baryon from gravitational form factors
Using QCD sum rules, the authors extract seven gravitational form factors of the Omega baryon and derive its internal energy, angular momentum, pressure, shear, radii, and D-terms.
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Mechanical properties of the nucleon from the generalized parton distributions
Using a double-distribution GPD model constrained by elastic-scattering data, the paper fits DQ(0) = -3.37 ± 0.17 from Compton form factors and derives proton pressure, shear, and radii.
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Proton Structure from a Soft-Wall Holographic QCD Model: Mass Spectrum, Form Factors, and Mechanical Properties
A soft-wall holographic model reproduces proton spectroscopy, form factors, radii, and J/ψ photoproduction, though the gravitational form factor D is an input-dependent ansatz.
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