Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 6 minor 130 references

Two-temperature induced phase separation (2-TIPS) is a generic non-equilibrium mechanism: particles coupled to different thermal reservoirs spontaneously demix into dense cold and dilute hot phases, driven only by unequal energy injection a

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

T0 review · deepseek-v4-flash

2026-08-01 07:56 UTC pith:3DWLTA4K

load-bearing objection A clear, useful review of the authors' own 2-TIPS work, but the 'generic mechanism' claim leans on an unverified thermostat-invariance premise and a heavy self-citation base. the 3 major comments →

arxiv 2607.21269 v1 pith:3DWLTA4K submitted 2026-07-23 cond-mat.soft

Two-Temperature Induced Phase Separation: Non-equilibrium Phase Behavior, Ordering, and Kinetics

Nayana Venkatareddy , Jaydeep Mandal , Jayeeta Chattopadhyay , Prabal K. Maiti This is my paper
classification cond-mat.soft
keywords two-temperature phase separationscalar active matternon-equilibrium phase behavioreffective temperatureheat fluxliquid-crystalline orderingphase separation kineticsconfinement
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This review argues that simply coupling the two species of an otherwise identical binary mixture to two thermostats at different temperatures is enough to drive spontaneous phase separation: the mixture splits into a dense cold phase and a dilute hot phase, with no need for attraction, shape differences, or self-propulsion. The mechanism is sustained heat flux from hot to cold particles, which shifts the species' effective temperatures and creates a density-dependent critical activity threshold. The authors assemble evidence across isotropic fluids, dumbbells, soft spherocylinders, and chiral helices, and in confined geometries, showing universal signatures—pressure balance at the interface, positive entropy production, effective temperatures offset from thermostat values—alongside system-specific ordering such as crystallization and activity-induced liquid-crystalline phases. A sympathetic reader would care because, if correct, 2-TIPS is a minimal, generic route to non-equilibrium self-assembly: a heat imbalance alone selects structure and can even stabilize phases that are inaccessible in equilibrium.

Core claim

The review establishes 2-TIPS as a generic mechanism in scalar active systems: when identical particles are coupled to two thermostats at different temperatures, the mixture spontaneously separates into dense cold domains and dilute hot domains, even with purely repulsive, identical interactions. The driving force is sustained heat flux and unequal energy injection, not interaction asymmetry or self-propulsion. The paper documents universal features across systems: effective temperatures shifted from thermostat values, pressure balance at the interface, positive entropy production, a critical activity threshold with nonmonotonic density dependence, and system-specific consequences such as cr

What carries the argument

The central object is a binary mixture of particles with identical interactions coupled to two thermostats at temperatures T_h > T_c, characterized by the activity χ = (T_h_eff − T_c_eff)/T_c_eff. The mechanism is sustained heat flux from hot to cold particles: energy injection raises the cold species' effective temperature and lowers the hot species' effective temperature, creating a density-dependent critical activity threshold. Phase separation restores mechanical equilibrium by balancing the kinetic pressure of the dilute hot phase against the collision pressure of the dense cold phase. The kinetic machinery is density-dependent: coupled conserved order-parameter equations for high densi

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the choice of thermostat—Nosé–Hoover, Berendsen, or Langevin—does not qualitatively alter the steady-state phase behavior, so results obtained with different simulation protocols can be pooled to support a universal mechanism.

What would settle it

Repeat the same 2-TIPS simulation of identical Lennard-Jones particles with the same nominal T_h and T_c using Nosé–Hoover, Berendsen, and Langevin thermostats, and compare the coexistence densities and critical activity χ_c; if the steady-state phase boundaries differ beyond statistical error, the claimed thermostat-independent universality fails.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • Any binary colloidal or polymeric mixture in which the two species are maintained at different effective temperatures should phase separate even if all interactions are identical and purely repulsive.
  • Density controls both morphology and growth law: high-density 2-TIPS coarsens like passive spinodal decomposition with a 1/3 growth exponent, while low-density 2-TIPS grows faster through ballistic cluster agglomeration, so one can tune coarsening by changing overall density.
  • Confinement geometry changes the direction of density dependence: parallel walls suppress segregation at high density and induce cold-rich wall layers, while spherical confinement enhances segregation with density, offering a design rule for patterning cold-rich domains.
  • Two-temperature activity can stabilize liquid-crystalline order that is inaccessible at equilibrium for a given particle aspect ratio, and the hot–cold interface itself acts as an aligning boundary for chiral rods, destabilizing the cholesteric phase.
  • Because the species' effective temperatures differ from the thermostat values by an amount controlled by heat flux and thermostat coupling, measured kinetic temperatures in a simulation or experiment are not a reliable proxy for the imposed reservoir temperatures.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If 2-TIPS is truly thermostat-independent, the same demixing should be observable in a clean experimental analogue—a binary colloidal suspension with identical interactions but different Brownian diffusivities, e.g., particles of equal size but different surface heating—by measuring steady-state density profiles.
  • The review's confinement results suggest a concrete engineering rule: curved or spherical confinement can be used to enhance cold-phase segregation in microfluidic droplets, while planar walls suppress it, enabling spatial patterning of dense phases without chemical patterning of surfaces.
  • The destabilization of the cholesteric phase under scalar activity is left without a mechanistic explanation; a natural next step is a continuum theory that couples heat flux to twist elasticity, predicting the activity threshold at which the cholesteric pitch diverges.
  • The review lists a unified coarse-grained description as an open problem; a promising testable extension is to derive an effective free energy from the free-entropy formalism and use it to predict the measured nonmonotonic density dependence of the critical activity without simulation fitting.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 6 minor

Summary. This manuscript is a review of two-temperature induced phase separation (2-TIPS), a non-equilibrium demixing mechanism in scalar active systems in which two species are coupled to thermostats at different temperatures but interact identically. The review introduces the general framework (effective temperatures, heat flux, critical activity, mechanical equilibrium), surveys steady-state behavior in Lennard-Jones, dumbbell, spherocylinder, chiral, and confined systems, and summarizes kinetics: high-density Lifshitz–Slyozov-like coarsening and low-density ballistic cluster agglomeration. It argues that 2-TIPS is a generic mechanism independent of particle shape and specific interactions, with density-dependent critical activity and coarsening exponents. The paper is written as a review and is largely organized around the authors' own prior simulation work, with some discussion of earlier theoretical and computational contributions from other groups.

Significance. If correct, the review establishes 2-TIPS as a genuinely generic route to non-equilibrium phase separation, comparable in scope to MIPS but requiring only scalar activity. The synthesis is useful: it collects a coherent body of simulation results, identifies candidate universal features, and lays out open problems. The paper is strongest when it is descriptive—the phase behavior of specific systems and the density-dependent kinetic regimes are presented clearly. It is weaker when it makes universal claims that rest on assertions without comparative evidence, most notably the thermostat-independence premise, which the manuscript itself flags as needing further investigation. The review also does a service by stating specific limitations and future directions, and by presenting falsifiable predictions (e.g., density-dependent exponents, activity-induced liquid-crystal phases) that can guide future work.

major comments (3)
  1. [General Framework, p.2; Conclusions, p.5] The statement 'the steady-state behavior remains qualitatively similar across different implementations' is load-bearing for the claimed universality, but no comparative evidence or citation is provided. The Conclusions concede that 'the role of thermostatting schemes and their influence on non-equilibrium steady states and coarsening dynamics also deserves further investigation.' Because the review pools results obtained with Nosé–Hoover, Berendsen, and Langevin thermostats, the reader cannot tell whether the universal steady-state features are physical or an artifact of a particular thermostat. Please either provide a comparative test (e.g., phase diagram or χc versus thermostat type at matched imposed temperatures) or explicitly restrict the universality claim to a single thermostat protocol.
  2. [Steady-State Behavior, p.2] The activity χ is defined using effective temperatures that, as the text states, depend on the thermostat coupling constant. Yet χc is later treated as a system property. If different simulations at the same imposed Th, Tc have different χ, then comparisons of χc across systems are not meaningful unless all results are reported at the same χ or in a well-defined limit. Please clarify what is held fixed when pooling results and how χc is measured. This is not a purely technical point: the abstract's 'generic mechanism' claim depends on the transferability of χc across systems and thermostats.
  3. [Phase-separation kinetics, p.4] The high-density growth exponent 1/z=0.33 and low-density exponent ≈0.7 are presented as quantitative findings, and the former is identified with the Lifshitz–Slyozov universality class. These claims are drawn entirely from the authors' own simulations [48,49] without error bars, system-size checks, or independent confirmation. Since the paper presents these exponents as a central result of the review, please state the numerical uncertainty, the time window over which the power law is extracted, and any finite-size analysis, or clearly mark the values as preliminary.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Fig. 1 caption] The text refers to panels (a), (b), and (c), but the caption lists particle types without clear panel correspondence. Please align the panel notation and define the aspect ratio L/D in the caption.
  2. [Introduction and Section 'Steady states in 2-TIPS…'] The abbreviation 'SRSs' is introduced as 'soft repulsive spherocylinders' in Section c but as 'soft spherocylinders' in the Introduction. Use one definition consistently.
  3. [References [33,42]] The text credits 'Kremer and collaborators' for refs [33,42]; for consistency with other author names in the text, consider 'Smrek and Kremer'.
  4. [Phase-separation kinetics, p.4] The sentence 'Weber et al. [31] predicted a 1/4 growth law in a binary mixture governed by overdamped Brownian dynamics in 2D' is vague. Please specify whether that model is the same as the 2-TIPS setup reviewed here or a different scalar-active mixture, and clarify the distinction.
  5. [Header] The manuscript contains a '*** Missing PACS ***' placeholder; it should be removed or replaced before submission.
  6. [Fig. 2(b)] The text reports a growth exponent of 1/3 while the figure caption gives 1/z=0.33. Use a consistent number of significant figures and state whether the reported value is intended to be exactly 1/3.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circular reduction exhibited: review's universality claims rest on published simulations and independent theory; the unverified thermostat-invariance premise is a flagged correctness gap, not a tautology.

full rationale

This is a review article, so the relevant 'derivation chain' is the chain of justification for the headline claims: that 2-TIPS is a generic non-equilibrium demixing mechanism with universal steady-state features and specific coarsening exponents. Those claims are reports of previously published simulations and theories, not new derivations performed in this text. The core phenomenon is anchored by independent works the paper cites: Weber et al. [31] (diffusive-mixture demixing), Grosberg & Joanny [39,40] (continuum/Cahn–Hilliard theory), Netz [41] (multi-temperature-bath free-entropy formalism), and Smrek & Kremer [33,42] (active-passive polymer blends). The extension to liquid crystals, chiral helices, and confinement comes from the authors' own corpus [34,43–49,54–57], but those are published, externally falsifiable simulation studies; under the reviewing rules they are real evidence, so the heavy self-citation is a provenance concern, not a self-citation chain on which the central premise rests exclusively. The one genuinely load-bearing unverified premise is thermostat independence: the text asserts 'the steady-state behavior remains qualitatively similar across different implementations' while pooling results from Nosé–Hoover, Berendsen, and Langevin thermostats, and then concedes in Conclusions and Outlook that 'the role of thermostatting schemes and their influence on non-equilibrium steady states and coarsening dynamics also deserves further investigation.' This is a real gap that weakens the empirical force of the 'generic/universal' claim, but it is under-determination — a falsifiable empirical generalization awaiting testing — not a tautology, a definitional identity, or a fitted parameter relabeled as a prediction. No equation here reduces another to its own definition, and the coarse-grained models [48,49] are described as reproducing MD morphologies and growth laws, but without the model equations no insertion of the 1/3 or 0.7 exponent by hand can be substantiated from this text. Honest verdict: no significant circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

3 free parameters · 3 axioms · 0 invented entities

The review introduces no new entities. Its central claims rest on empirical values for critical activities and growth exponents from the authors' own simulation papers, and on domain assumptions about thermostat fidelity and effective temperatures. These are not independently validated in the manuscript.

free parameters (3)
  • Critical activity χc = System- and density-dependent (reported values in refs 34, 43, 44)
    The review states that the critical activity at which phase separation begins varies across soft-matter systems and is density-dependent. These values are empirical from the authors' own simulations.
  • High-density growth exponent 1/z = 0.33 (reported, ref 48)
    The Lifshitz-Slyozov exponent is asserted from the authors' MD simulations and reproduced by their coarse-grained model.
  • Low-density growth exponent = ~0.7 (reported, ref 49)
    The exponent for ballistic cluster coalescence is asserted from the authors' own simulations.
axioms (3)
  • domain assumption Thermostats (Nosé-Hoover, Berendsen, Langevin) faithfully represent coupling to thermal reservoirs and yield qualitatively similar steady states.
    Invoked in 'General Framework of 2-TIPS', p-2. The review generalizes results across thermostat choices on this basis.
  • domain assumption Equipartition theorem applies to define effective temperatures T_eff^c and T_eff^h in non-equilibrium steady states.
    Invoked in 'Effective temperatures and activity', p-2. Used to define χ, the key activity parameter.
  • domain assumption Coarse-grained coupled order-parameter equations capture the MD kinetics.
    Invoked in the kinetics section, p-5. The review relies on the authors' own coarse-grained models to explain the MD growth laws.

pith-pipeline@v1.3.0-alltime-deepseek · 8682 in / 7542 out tokens · 81871 ms · 2026-08-01T07:56:10.152271+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

Two-temperature induced phase separation (2-TIPS) has emerged as a generic non-equilibrium mechanism in scalar active systems with heterogeneous activity, where particles coupled to different thermal reservoirs spontaneously demix into dense cold and dilute hot phases. Unlike equilibrium phase separation or motility-induced phase separation (MIPS), 2-TIPS is driven solely by unequal energy injection and the resulting heat flux between particle species. This review summarizes recent advances in 2-TIPS across diverse soft-matter systems, highlighting both its universal non-equilibrium mechanisms and the emergent ordered phases arising from particle shape anisotropy, chirality, confinement, and topology. We further discuss density-dependent phase-separation kinetics and coarse-grained descriptions linking microscopic dynamics to macroscopic behavior, and outline key directions for future research.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.21269 by Jaydeep Mandal, Jayeeta Chattopadhyay, Nayana Venkatareddy, Prabal K. Maiti.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Details of the steady state structures in 2-TIPS for various soft matter systems. Panel (a) demonstrates the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Phase separation and coarsening in the high-density regime of 2-TIPS. (a) Snapshots showing the evolution of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

130 extracted references · 23 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Approach to equilibrium and nonequilibrium stationary distributions of interacting many-particle systems that are coupled to different heat baths , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2020 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.101.022120 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.101.022120 2020

  2. [2]

    Entropy , volume=

    Interfacial properties of active-passive polymer mixtures , author=. Entropy , volume=. 2018 , publisher=

    2018

  3. [3]

    Physical review letters , volume=

    Long-range ordering of vibrated polar disks , author=. Physical review letters , volume=. 2013 , publisher=

    2013

  4. [4]

    Phase separation and nucleation in mixtures of particles with different temperatures , author =. Phys. Rev. Res. , volume =. 2020 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023200 , url =

    doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023200 2020

  5. [5]

    Soft matter , volume=

    Scalar activity induced phase separation and liquid--solid transition in a Lennard-Jones system , author=. Soft matter , volume=. 2019 , publisher=

    2019

  6. [6]

    Two-temperature activity induces liquid-crystal phases inaccessible in equilibrium , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2023 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.107.024701 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.107.024701 2023

  7. [7]

    Physical Review E , volume=

    Heating leads to liquid-crystal and crystalline order in a two-temperature active fluid of rods , author=. Physical Review E , volume=. 2021 , publisher=

    2021

  8. [8]

    Phase behavior of active and passive dumbbells , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2023 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034607 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.107.034607 2023

  9. [9]

    Effect of confinement and topology: 2-TIPS vs

    Venkatareddy, Nayana and Mandal, Jaydeep and Maiti, Prabal K. Effect of confinement and topology: 2-TIPS vs. MIPS. Soft Matter. 2023. doi:10.1039/D3SM00796K

    work page doi:10.1039/d3sm00796k 2023

  10. [10]

    Soft Matter , volume=

    Stability of the chiral crystal phase and breakdown of the cholesteric phase in mixtures of active--passive chiral rods , author=. Soft Matter , volume=. 2024 , publisher=

    2024

  11. [11]

    Polymer Science, Series C , volume=

    Dissipation in a system driven by two different thermostats , author=. Polymer Science, Series C , volume=. 2018 , publisher=

    2018

  12. [12]

    Physical Review E , volume=

    Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of mixtures of particles in contact with different thermostats , author=. Physical Review E , volume=. 2015 , publisher=

    2015

  13. [13]

    Physical review letters , volume=

    Binary mixtures of particles with different diffusivities demix , author=. Physical review letters , volume=. 2016 , publisher=

    2016

  14. [14]

    Physical Review Letters , volume=

    Demixing in binary mixtures with differential diffusivity at high density , author=. Physical Review Letters , volume=. 2024 , publisher=

    2024

  15. [15]

    arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.01998 , year=

    Statistical mechanics of a cold tracer in a hot bath , author=. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.01998 , year=

    arXiv

  16. [16]

    Growth laws and universality in two-temperature induced phase separation: Microscopic and coarse-grained approach , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2025 , month =. doi:10.1103/1c8b-hmxv , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/1c8b-hmxv 2025

  17. [17]

    2025 , eprint=

    Phase separation kinetics of 2-TIPS at low density: Cluster growth by ballistic agglomeration , author=. 2025 , eprint=

    2025

  18. [18]

    Physical review letters , volume=

    Athermal phase separation of self-propelled particles with no alignment , author=. Physical review letters , volume=. 2012 , publisher=

    2012

  19. [19]

    Physical review letters , volume=

    Structure and dynamics of a phase-separating active colloidal fluid , author=. Physical review letters , volume=. 2013 , publisher=

    2013

  20. [20]

    Phase Transition Dynamics , publisher=

    Onuki, Akira , year=. Phase Transition Dynamics , publisher=

  21. [21]

    Kinetics of phase transitions , pages=

    Kinetics of phase transitions , author=. Kinetics of phase transitions , pages=. 2009 , publisher=

    2009

  22. [22]

    and Tjhung, Elsen , year=

    Cates, Michael E. and Tjhung, Elsen , year=. Theories of binary fluid mixtures: from phase-separation kinetics to active emulsions , volume=. doi:10.1017/jfm.2017.832 , journal=

    doi:10.1017/jfm.2017.832 2017

  23. [23]

    Reviews of Modern Physics , volume=

    Theory of dynamic critical phenomena , author=. Reviews of Modern Physics , volume=. 1977 , publisher=

    1977

  24. [24]

    The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume =

    Watanabe, Hiroshi and Ito, Nobuyasu and Hu, Chin-Kun , title =. The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume =. 2012 , month =. doi:10.1063/1.4720089 , url =

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4720089 2012

  25. [25]

    and Saio, Tomohide and Mori, Eiichiro , title=

    Yoshizawa, Takuya and Nozawa, Ryu-Suke and Jia, Tony Z. and Saio, Tomohide and Mori, Eiichiro , title=. Biophysical Reviews , year=. doi:10.1007/s12551-020-00680-x , url=

    work page doi:10.1007/s12551-020-00680-x

  26. [26]

    , title=

    Bergeron-Sandoval, Louis-Philippe and Safaee, Nozhat and Michnick, Stephen W. , title=. Cell , year=. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.026 , url=

    work page doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.026 2016

  27. [27]

    and Weber, Christoph A

    Hyman, Anthony A. and Weber, Christoph A. and Jülicher, Frank. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Biology. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 2014. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013325

    doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013325 2014

  28. [28]

    Phase separation in two-dimensional binary fluids: A molecular dynamics study , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 1996 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.54.605 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.54.605 1996

  29. [29]

    W. C. K. Poon and P. B. Warren , title =. Europhysics Letters , abstract =. 1994 , month =. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/28/7/010 , url =

    work page doi:10.1209/0295-5075/28/7/010 1994

  30. [30]

    2017 , publisher=

    Statistical Mechanics: International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy , author=. 2017 , publisher=

    2017

  31. [31]

    Advances in Physics , volume=

    Theory of phase-ordering kinetics , author=. Advances in Physics , volume=. 1994 , publisher=

    1994

  32. [32]

    Reviews of modern physics , volume=

    Hydrodynamics of soft active matter , author=. Reviews of modern physics , volume=. 2013 , publisher=

    2013

  33. [33]

    Annals of Physics , volume=

    Hydrodynamics and phases of flocks , author=. Annals of Physics , volume=. 2005 , publisher=

    2005

  34. [34]

    Particle Diffusion in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Bacterial Bath , author =. Phys. Rev. Lett. , volume =. 2000 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3017 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.3017 2000

  35. [35]

    Energy flow, partial equilibration, and effective temperatures in systems with slow dynamics , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 1997 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.55.3898 , url =

    doi:10.1103/physreve.55.3898 1997

  36. [36]

    Statistical Mechanics where Newton's Third Law is Broken , author =. Phys. Rev. X , volume =. 2015 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.5.011035 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevx.5.011035 2015

  37. [37]

    Fluidized Granular Medium as an Instance of the Fluctuation Theorem , author =. Phys. Rev. Lett. , volume =. 2004 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.164301 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.164301 2004

  38. [38]

    Sedimentation and Effective Temperature of Active Colloidal Suspensions , author =. Phys. Rev. Lett. , volume =. 2010 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.088304 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.088304 2010

  39. [39]

    Molecular Dynamics Study of Phase Separation Kinetics in Thin Films , author =. Phys. Rev. Lett. , volume =. 2006 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.016107 , url =

    doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.016107 2006

  40. [40]

    The European Physical Journal Special Topics , volume=

    Active brownian particles , author=. The European Physical Journal Special Topics , volume=. 2012 , publisher=

    2012

  41. [41]

    Nature physics , volume=

    Active gel physics , author=. Nature physics , volume=. 2015 , publisher=

    2015

  42. [42]

    Nature Reviews Physics , volume=

    Active fluids , author=. Nature Reviews Physics , volume=. 2019 , publisher=

    2019

  43. [43]

    The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter

    Ramaswamy, Sriram. The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 2010. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101

    doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101 2010

  44. [44]

    and Tailleur, Julien

    Cates, Michael E. and Tailleur, Julien. Motility-Induced Phase Separation. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 2015. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014710

    doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014710 2015

  45. [45]

    Collective motion , journal =

    Tamás Vicsek and Anna Zafeiris , abstract =. Collective motion , journal =. 2012 , note =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2012.03.004 , url =

    doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2012.03.004 2012

  46. [46]

    and Schwarz, Ulrich S

    Banerjee, Shiladitya and Gardel, Margaret L. and Schwarz, Ulrich S. The Actin Cytoskeleton as an Active Adaptive Material. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013231

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013231 2020

  47. [47]

    ACS Applied Materials

    Wang, Linlin and Kaeppler, Andrea and Fischer, Dieter and Simmchen, Juliane , title=. ACS Applied Materials. 2019 , month=. doi:10.1021/acsami.9b06128 , url=

    work page doi:10.1021/acsami.9b06128 2019

  48. [48]

    Autonomous Engines Driven by Active Matter: Energetics and Design Principles , author =. Phys. Rev. X , volume =. 2019 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.9.041032 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevx.9.041032 2019

  49. [49]

    Gracias , keywords =

    Arijit Ghosh and Weinan Xu and Neha Gupta and David H. Gracias , keywords =. Active matter therapeutics , journal =. 2020 , issn =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100836 , url =

    arXiv 2020

  50. [50]

    Wensink and Jörn Dunkel and Sebastian Heidenreich and Knut Drescher and Raymond E

    Henricus H. Wensink and Jörn Dunkel and Sebastian Heidenreich and Knut Drescher and Raymond E. Goldstein and Hartmut Löwen and Julia M. Yeomans , title =. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , volume =. 2012 , doi =. https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1202032109 , abstract =

    doi:10.1073/pnas.1202032109 2012

  51. [51]

    Nucleic acids research , volume=

    Chromosome positioning from activity-based segregation , author=. Nucleic acids research , volume=. 2014 , publisher=

    2014

  52. [52]

    Direct Single Molecule Imaging of Enhanced Enzyme Diffusion , author =. Phys. Rev. Lett. , volume =. 2019 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.128101 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.128101 2019

  53. [53]

    Frontiers of Physics , volume=

    Double-temperature ratchet model and current reversal of coupled Brownian motors , author=. Frontiers of Physics , volume=. 2017 , publisher=

    2017

  54. [54]

    Physical review letters , volume=

    Small activity differences drive phase separation in active-passive polymer mixtures , author=. Physical review letters , volume=. 2017 , publisher=

    2017

  55. [55]

    Evans, D. J. and Holian, B. L. , title =. The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume =. 1985 , month =. doi:10.1063/1.449071 , url =

    doi:10.1063/1.449071 1985

  56. [56]

    The Journal of chemical physics , volume=

    Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath , author=. The Journal of chemical physics , volume=. 1984 , publisher=

    1984

  57. [57]

    Active responsive colloids coupled to different thermostats , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2022 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.106.014613 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.106.014613 2022

  58. [58]

    The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume=

    Freezing in flat monolayers of soft spherocylinders , author=. The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume=. 2025 , publisher=

    2025

  59. [59]

    Soft Matter , volume=

    Melting of rods on a sphere via an intermediate hexatic phase , author=. Soft Matter , volume=. 2025 , publisher=

    2025

  60. [60]

    The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume=

    Phase behavior and defect structure of soft rods on a sphere , author=. The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume=. 2026 , publisher=

    2026

  61. [61]

    Soft Matter , volume=

    Packing and emergence of the ordering of rods in a spherical monolayer , author=. Soft Matter , volume=. 2023 , publisher=

    2023

  62. [62]

    , title =

    Majumder, Suman and Das, Subir K. , title =. Europhysics Letters , abstract =. 2011 , month =. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/95/46002 , url =

    work page doi:10.1209/0295-5075/95/46002 2011

  63. [63]

    Effects of active fluctuations on energetics of a colloidal particle: Superdiffusion, dissipation and entropy production , journal =

    Subhasish Chaki and Rajarshi Chakrabarti , keywords =. Effects of active fluctuations on energetics of a colloidal particle: Superdiffusion, dissipation and entropy production , journal =. 2019 , issn =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121574 , url =

    arXiv 2019

  64. [64]

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , volume =

    Onsager, Lars , title =. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , volume =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27296.x , url =. https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27296.x , year =

    arXiv 1949

  65. [65]

    Phase separation in a two-dimensional binary colloidal mixture by quorum sensing activity , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2020 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.101.022606 , url =

    work page doi:10.1103/physreve.101.022606 2020

  66. [66]

    Kumar, A. V. Anil , title =. The Journal of Chemical Physics , volume =. 2013 , month =. doi:10.1063/1.4801333 , url =

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4801333 2013

  67. [67]

    Entropy production and work fluctuation relations for a single particle in active bath , journal =

    Subhasish Chaki and Rajarshi Chakrabarti , keywords =. Entropy production and work fluctuation relations for a single particle in active bath , journal =. 2018 , issn =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.07.055 , url =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.physa.2018.07.055 2018

  68. [68]

    Bray A. J. Advances in Physics 43 1994 357

    1994

  69. [69]

    Phase Transition Dynamics (Cambridge University Press) 2002

    Onuki A. Phase Transition Dynamics (Cambridge University Press) 2002

    2002

  70. [70]

    Cates M. E. Tjhung E. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 836 2018 P1

    2018

  71. [71]

    Watanabe H., Ito N. Hu C.-K. The Journal of Chemical Physics 136 2012 204102

    2012

  72. [72]

    Kinetics of phase transitions in Kinetics of phase transitions (CRC press) 2009 pp

    Puri S. Kinetics of phase transitions in Kinetics of phase transitions (CRC press) 2009 pp. 13--74

    2009

  73. [73]

    A., Weber C

    Hyman A. A., Weber C. A. Jülicher F. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 30 2014 39

    2014

  74. [74]

    Z., Saio T

    Yoshizawa T., Nozawa R.-S., Jia T. Z., Saio T. Mori E. Biophysical Reviews 12 2020 519

    2020

  75. [75]

    Michnick S

    Bergeron-Sandoval L.-P., Safaee N. Michnick S. Cell 165 2016 1067

    2016

  76. [76]

    Toxvaerd S

    Velasco E. Toxvaerd S. Phys. Rev. E 54 1996 605

    1996

  77. [77]

    Poon W. C. K. Warren P. B. Europhysics Letters 28 1994 513

    1994

  78. [78]

    Kumar A. V. A. The Journal of Chemical Physics 138 2013 154903

    2013

  79. [79]

    Pathria R. K. Statistical Mechanics: International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy Vol. 45 (Elsevier) 2017

    2017

  80. [80]

    Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 1 2010 323

    Ramaswamy S. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 1 2010 323

    2010

Showing first 80 references.