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RapGuard: Safeguarding Multimodal Large Language Models via Rationale-aware Defensive Prompting

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arxiv 2412.18826 v1 pith:3LETKX3D submitted 2024-12-25 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords multimodalrapguardsafetyharmfulmodelscontentdefensivelanguage
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning, they are also more susceptible to producing harmful content compared to models that focus solely on text. Existing defensive prompting techniques rely on a static, unified safety guideline that fails to account for the specific risks inherent in different multimodal contexts. To address these limitations, we propose RapGuard, a novel framework that uses multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning to dynamically generate scenario-specific safety prompts. RapGuard enhances safety by adapting its prompts to the unique risks of each input, effectively mitigating harmful outputs while maintaining high performance on benign tasks. Our experimental results across multiple MLLM benchmarks demonstrate that RapGuard achieves state-of-the-art safety performance, significantly reducing harmful content without degrading the quality of responses.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Safe responses matter: Output-aware safety guardrail mitigate over-refusal in MLLMs

    cs.LG 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A lightweight multi-instance contrastive classifier on MLLM hidden states predicts output harmfulness, matching input-side safety while sharply lowering over-refusal.

  2. MME-Reasoning: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Logical Reasoning in MLLMs

    cs.AI 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new 1,188-question multimodal benchmark covering deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning shows that leading MLLMs score around 60% and are especially weak at abductive reasoning.

  3. Beyond Safe Answers: A Benchmark for Evaluating True Risk Awareness in Large Reasoning Models

    cs.AI 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new benchmark shows that top reasoning models identify all relevant risks in under 40% of cases even when their final answers look safe.

  4. USB: A Comprehensive and Unified Safety Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models

    cs.CR 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    USB-SafeBench is a unified MLLM safety benchmark with 61 risk categories, 4 modality combinations, and dual-language vulnerability and oversensitivity tests.

  5. Auditing Inference-Time Defense Evaluation for Multimodal Large Language Models

    cs.CR 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Stacking inference-time defenses for multimodal LLMs drives 97–100% over-refusal of benign queries; no single defense dominates and a simple prompt is often preferable.

  6. A Survey on Training-free Alignment of Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey that catalogs and categorizes training-free LLM alignment methods into pre-decoding, in-decoding, and post-decoding, with a limited experimental comparison on one model.

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