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Recurrent Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory Networks: Tutorial and Survey

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arxiv 2304.11461 v1 pith:3MQ6QZ6F submitted 2023-04-22 cs.LG cs.CLcs.NEcs.SDeess.AS

classification cs.LGcs.CLcs.NEcs.SDeess.AS
keywords lstmlongnetworknetworksrecurrentbidirectionalintroducememory
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This is a tutorial paper on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), and their variants. We start with a dynamical system and backpropagation through time for RNN. Then, we discuss the problems of gradient vanishing and explosion in long-term dependencies. We explain close-to-identity weight matrix, long delays, leaky units, and echo state networks for solving this problem. Then, we introduce LSTM gates and cells, history and variants of LSTM, and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). Finally, we introduce bidirectional RNN, bidirectional LSTM, and the Embeddings from Language Model (ELMo) network, for processing a sequence in both directions.

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  1. CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model for AI-Driven Prediction of COVID-19 Severity from Spike Sequences and Clinical Data

    cs.LG 2025-05 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    A CNN-LSTM trained on spike protein sequences and clinical metadata reports strong COVID-19 severity predictions, but its evaluation table is internally inconsistent.

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