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Quantum Reference Frames at the Boundary of Spacetime

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arxiv 2302.11629 v2 pith:3QEXTQWF submitted 2023-02-22 gr-qc quant-ph

classification gr-qcquant-ph
keywords boundaryquantummodesreferencebulkconstraintsframesidentify
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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An analysis is given of the local phase space of gravity coupled to matter to second order in perturbation theory. Working in local regions with boundaries at finite distance, we identify matter, Coulomb, and additional boundary modes. The boundary modes take the role of reference frames for both diffeomorphisms and internal Lorentz rotations. Passing to the quantum level, we identify the constraints that link the bulk and boundary modes. The constraints take the form of a multi-fingered Schr\"odinger equation, which determines the relational evolution of the quantum states in the bulk with respect to the quantum reference fields at the boundary.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. How many degrees of freedom describe a quantum N-particle state?

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    For closed quantum N-particle systems all 3N canonical degrees of freedom are physical; the frame degrees of freedom that relational models discard reappear as non-Heisenberg terms in generalised uncertainty relations...

  2. Semi-local observables, edge modes and quantum reference frames in quantum electromagnetism: an algebraic approach

    math-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Electromagnetic edge modes on bounded spacetimes with corners are treated as quantum reference frames for large gauge transformations via a state-independent C*-algebraic relativisation map, with superselection sector...

  3. Relational entanglement entropies and quantum reference frames in gauge theories

    hep-th 2025-06 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Quantum reference frames built from Wilson lines give lattice gauge theories gauge-invariant subsystem factorizations and a hierarchy of relational entanglement entropies.

  4. On the relation between perspective-neutral, algebraic, and effective quantum reference frames

    quant-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For ideal quantum reference frames with a single constraint, the perspective-neutral, algebraic, and effective semiclassical approaches describe the same physics and the same frame-switching rules.

  5. Specifying the operational meaning of quantum reference frames

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Position-superposed labs define quantum reference frames operationally, differ from Wigner's-friend observers, and can broadcast outcomes without decohering their position superposition.

  6. What can we do in a symmetry-constrained perspective? The importance of the total charge's status in quantum reference frame frameworks

    quant-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A two-observer Z2 toy model is used to argue that internal observers can access the total charge, favoring weak over strong symmetry in quantum reference frame frameworks.

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