Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 8 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.12285.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.12285 v1

Coverage vector

measured 54 of 54 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.697954Z

measured 62 of 62 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 8 of 8 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T17:45:48.499338Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T08:46:48.540136Z

Reference resolution

54 of 54 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy27
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f9b963e2-5509-47be-93c5-278f62261fe6 · outbound

This paper cites A Data-Driven Column Generation Algorithm For Bin Packing Problem in Manufacturing Industry.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design A Data-Driven Column Generation Algorithm For Bin Packing Problem in Manufacturing Industry

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.014932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6c5fde9b-31b3-4a86-8b61-c7223675d4da · outbound

This paper cites Automating bin packing: A layer building matheuristics for cost effective logistics.IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 19(3):1599–1613, 2022.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Automating bin packing: A layer building matheuristics for cost effective logistics.IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 19(3):1599–1613, 2022

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.531350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 49c3d81b-58db-4449-bc55-d91f928f71da · outbound

This paper cites Reactive scheduling approach for solving a realistic flexible job shop scheduling problem.International journal of production research, 59(19):5790–5808, 2021.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Reactive scheduling approach for solving a realistic flexible job shop scheduling problem.International journal of production research, 59(19):5790–5808, 2021

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.518592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b0aae66f-043f-4592-90c6-60cd77ca8031 · outbound

This paper cites A q-learning algorithm for flexible job shop scheduling in a real-world manufacturing scenario.Procedia CIRP, 106:227–232, 2022.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design A q-learning algorithm for flexible job shop scheduling in a real-world manufacturing scenario.Procedia CIRP, 106:227–232, 2022

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.507060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7ca1be64-85fe-4f56-a8a5-cbb508f235b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.495334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation eeca3e67-e283-4915-8a11-0b07daefc76a · outbound

This paper cites r5r: rapid realistic routing on multimodal transport networks with r 5 in r.Findings, 2021.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design r5r: rapid realistic routing on multimodal transport networks with r 5 in r.Findings, 2021

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.483318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 647f1296-8f5c-4c9e-9eb2-565afc4a03b1 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring hyper-heuristic methodologies with genetic programming.Computational intelligence: Collaboration, fusion and emergence, pages 177–201, 2009.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Exploring hyper-heuristic methodologies with genetic programming.Computational intelligence: Collaboration, fusion and emergence, pages 177–201, 2009

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.471644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 852eee93-1123-4f00-ac63-4274161064e1 · outbound

This paper cites Evolution of heuristics: Towards efficient automatic algorithm design using large language model.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Evolution of heuristics: Towards efficient automatic algorithm design using large language model

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.532023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a0cdb2d-d00f-4207-8dea-e84da8c38182 · outbound

This paper cites Reevo: Large language models as hyper-heuristics with reflective evolution.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Reevo: Large language models as hyper-heuristics with reflective evolution

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.453576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 89d98269-5c49-44c8-927c-b729fa4d6750 · outbound

This paper cites Hsevo: Elevating automatic heuristic design with diversity-driven harmony search and genetic algorithm using llms.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Hsevo: Elevating automatic heuristic design with diversity-driven harmony search and genetic algorithm using llms

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.539189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05671797-1eb4-42c1-b647-bae5abe28104 · outbound

This paper cites Monte carlo tree search for comprehensive exploration in llm-based automatic heuristic design.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Monte carlo tree search for comprehensive exploration in llm-based automatic heuristic design

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.434140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 439cddb3-2946-4bfc-84f2-d314cc8e03d1 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.546557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 338a253e-4e26-49c9-8a9e-20f2ac3babe7 · outbound

This paper cites Mathematical discoveries from program search with large language models.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Mathematical discoveries from program search with large language models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.550317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d825721b-d54f-4460-903f-b787d376e312 · outbound

This paper cites Pomo: Policy optimization with multiple optima for reinforcement learning.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33:21188–21198, 2020.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Pomo: Policy optimization with multiple optima for reinforcement learning.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33:21188–21198, 2020

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.414900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7827bb0e-f02c-45ad-a35a-26d6f17b4e3d · outbound

This paper cites Adjustable robust reinforcement learning for online 3d bin packing.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:51926–51954, 2023.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Adjustable robust reinforcement learning for online 3d bin packing.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:51926–51954, 2023

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.403099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 552f155c-0547-467a-a5f9-fafa6d910304 · outbound

This paper cites Learning to handle complex constraints for vehicle routing problems.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:93479–93509, 2024.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Learning to handle complex constraints for vehicle routing problems.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:93479–93509, 2024

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.391600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 42b36316-b726-4600-be68-53153e524030 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Improved Learning for Scalable Neural Combinatorial Optimization.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Self-Improved Learning for Scalable Neural Combinatorial Optimization

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.563428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5952e482-853f-437f-8bb4-d85b74fe7ef1 · outbound

This paper cites Neural combinatorial optimization for robust routing problem with uncertain travel times.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:134841–134867, 2024.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Neural combinatorial optimization for robust routing problem with uncertain travel times.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:134841–134867, 2024

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.380060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1f009b28-e7d9-47c1-96a0-fae6cca902f1 · outbound

This paper cites Neuralgls: learning to guide local search with graph convolutional network for the traveling salesman problem.Neural Computing and Applications, 36(17):9687–9706, 2024.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Neuralgls: learning to guide local search with graph convolutional network for the traveling salesman problem.Neural Computing and Applications, 36(17):9687–9706, 2024

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.368769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7e594206-b2d4-486c-b926-a259abb88b2a · outbound

This paper cites Pareto improver: Learning improvement heuristics for multi-objective route planning.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 25(1):1033–1043, 2023.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Pareto improver: Learning improvement heuristics for multi-objective route planning.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 25(1):1033–1043, 2023

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.357184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 90c09d14-4b67-4eaa-9f57-dc86faf58c14 · outbound

This paper cites Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning.Nature, 618(7964):257–263, 2023.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning.Nature, 618(7964):257–263, 2023

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.577615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b91d94a5-ff14-43ce-a0c3-499c8ec399ff · outbound

This paper cites Automated design of metaheuristics using reinforcement learning within a novel general search framework.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 27(4):1072–1084, 2022.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Automated design of metaheuristics using reinforcement learning within a novel general search framework.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 27(4):1072–1084, 2022

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.339055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a02c8b1a-36d2-42d6-bc85-4755fb72e34a · outbound

This paper cites Springer, 2018.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Springer, 2018

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.327452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e0086149-0e14-487e-bd82-382fa803b38e · outbound

This paper cites A feature-independent hyper-heuristic approach for solving the knapsack problem.Applied Sciences, 11(21):10209, 2021.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design A feature-independent hyper-heuristic approach for solving the knapsack problem.Applied Sciences, 11(21):10209, 2021

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.316454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e453dc29-3ca1-435c-8275-da1cd7c29d6b · outbound

This paper cites LLMs can Schedule.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design LLMs can Schedule

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.591249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fc0f0880-bde4-4c37-8082-79b33d2c173d · outbound

This paper cites Bridging Large Language Models and Optimization: A Unified Framework for Text-attributed Combinatorial Optimization.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Bridging Large Language Models and Optimization: A Unified Framework for Text-attributed Combinatorial Optimization

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.595153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69e93292-dc73-4261-845a-2517766c8222 · outbound

This paper cites Netllm: Adapting large language models for networking.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Netllm: Adapting large language models for networking

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.599257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01e5a205-c204-4c99-8ab6-06c05c771d82 · outbound

This paper cites Or-tools.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Or-tools

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.192128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0c2a1f06-b7d1-405d-8785-343213add62c · outbound

This paper cites Algorithm Evolution Using Large Language Model.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Algorithm Evolution Using Large Language Model

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.606334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 900dc388-e6a8-4020-be48-1327466da14e · outbound

This paper cites QUBE: Enhancing Automatic Heuristic Design via Quality-Uncertainty Balanced Evolution.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design QUBE: Enhancing Automatic Heuristic Design via Quality-Uncertainty Balanced Evolution

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.610414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f89b39c-b27d-4fda-ae0b-91cd81ceb927 · outbound

This paper cites Llm4ad: A platform for algorithm design with large language model.arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.17287, 2024.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Llm4ad: A platform for algorithm design with large language model.arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.17287, 2024

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.614233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1bdf9e97-4739-4fe4-8728-e46975b33ed5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.180124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7ae33718-3332-4e65-8bab-0672acc32194 · outbound

This paper cites Algorithm Discovery With LLMs: Evolutionary Search Meets Reinforcement Learning.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Algorithm Discovery With LLMs: Evolutionary Search Meets Reinforcement Learning

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.621434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b8fc79f9-4b48-43e1-9059-9eb5032d27a9 · outbound

This paper cites Approximating kl divergence, 2020.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Approximating kl divergence, 2020

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.167604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2e87026c-7780-4415-87bb-ac9ac0caea0e · outbound

This paper cites Preventing premature convergence in genetic algorithms by preventing incest.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Preventing premature convergence in genetic algorithms by preventing incest

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.155658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c63ed7ca-a450-4e2b-aeec-c94d13ceb5c6 · outbound

This paper cites Unsloth, 2023.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Unsloth, 2023

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.142842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8a2cb6c1-5792-4f32-bf7b-52ac66553f43 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.635850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cf2c6ee6-5cbf-43a8-89db-80b5ae1ad34c · outbound

This paper cites PhD thesis, Laboratoire de l’informatique du parallélisme, 1995.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design PhD thesis, Laboratoire de l’informatique du parallélisme, 1995

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.129923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b9254dc4-b136-4022-93c4-0a835e85fec2 · outbound

This paper cites An analysis of several heuristics for the traveling salesman problem.SIAM journal on computing, 6(3):563–581, 1977.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design An analysis of several heuristics for the traveling salesman problem.SIAM journal on computing, 6(3):563–581, 1977

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.116786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6715792f-830c-48f5-bb26-a801ca3d5f3c · outbound

This paper cites Ant colony optimization: Introduction and recent trends.Physics of Life reviews, 2(4):353–373, 2005.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Ant colony optimization: Introduction and recent trends.Physics of Life reviews, 2(4):353–373, 2005

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.103666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 31f255a8-76e3-4d43-bef9-1f1424a3e505 · outbound

This paper cites Deepaco: Neural-enhanced ant systems for combinatorial optimization.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:43706–43728, 2023.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Deepaco: Neural-enhanced ant systems for combinatorial optimization.Advances in neural information processing systems, 36:43706–43728, 2023

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.649849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9fe5a8e-2509-4114-8c71-660ff481a3bb · outbound

This paper cites Lower bounds and reduction procedures for the bin packing problem.Discrete applied mathematics, 28(1):59–70, 1990.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Lower bounds and reduction procedures for the bin packing problem.Discrete applied mathematics, 28(1):59–70, 1990

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.083073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 5b638c50-f89f-4073-b712-38ceff3b2ecf · outbound

This paper cites An effective heuristic algorithm for the traveling-salesman problem.Operations research, 21(2):498–516, 1973.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design An effective heuristic algorithm for the traveling-salesman problem.Operations research, 21(2):498–516, 1973

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.071046Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3ef79fb0-6a8c-40d4-bbc6-c352588c50e1 · outbound

This paper cites Optuna: A next-generation hyperparameter optimization framework.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Optuna: A next-generation hyperparameter optimization framework

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.660485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74bfbb39-f65c-4612-8dab-75b7cd0072df · outbound

This paper cites LLM-Powered Code Vulnerability Repair with Reinforcement Learning and Semantic Reward.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design LLM-Powered Code Vulnerability Repair with Reinforcement Learning and Semantic Reward

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.663913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 006e97ef-e5c9-4e5a-b35c-5fc85d209d75 · outbound

This paper cites Code Less, Align More: Efficient LLM Fine-tuning for Code Generation with Data Pruning.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Code Less, Align More: Efficient LLM Fine-tuning for Code Generation with Data Pruning

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.667516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b8b31fd-a9d2-4bbd-a384-6b1a73631e71 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Code LLMs with Reinforcement Learning in Code Generation: A Survey.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Enhancing Code LLMs with Reinforcement Learning in Code Generation: A Survey

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.671069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1396cd88-01e0-4836-bf40-d28b4ebcb098 · outbound

This paper cites Policy Filtration for RLHF to Mitigate Noise in Reward Models.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Policy Filtration for RLHF to Mitigate Noise in Reward Models

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.674678Z

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Observation b1bef284-fe3e-485f-a6e3-dcc356186adf · outbound

This paper cites Fine tuning large language model for secure code generation.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Fine tuning large language model for secure code generation

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.051950Z

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Observation f4733a17-9471-4fa2-8dea-4d7359201117 · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.682410Z

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Observation 63e8c024-b2b2-49eb-bf14-fef4b5bccc41 · outbound

This paper cites SLiC-HF: Sequence Likelihood Calibration with Human Feedback.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design SLiC-HF: Sequence Likelihood Calibration with Human Feedback

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.685941Z

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Observation f0aa428f-f6e7-43bd-a7e9-c9c24fce7851 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical Rejection Sampling Improves Preference Optimization.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Statistical Rejection Sampling Improves Preference Optimization

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:33.689723Z

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Observation fbe09565-6e3f-4a6a-9be1-d5d20a38bf9f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.039257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 32655c3e-6931-4acd-87ac-3c224ada780e · outbound

This paper cites " " The idea of the alg or it hm is to i nt ro du ce the.

CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design " " The idea of the alg or it hm is to i nt ro du ce the

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:40:34.027221Z

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Pith citing papers

Observation 56d7f5ba-7c3f-4706-a620-39a7935ba146 · inbound

Fine-tuning Large Language Model for Automated Algorithm Design cites this paper.

Fine-tuning Large Language Model for Automated Algorithm Design CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T23:40:46.638561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b0be17b9-8f4c-4adb-bf06-d11f956254d0 · inbound

MeLA: A Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture for Automatic Heuristic Design cites this paper.

MeLA: A Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture for Automatic Heuristic Design CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:45:48.499338Z

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Observation 9ab23f38-92f8-45ee-ae28-c67ea2a2d678 · inbound

Language-Guided Tuning: Enhancing Numeric Optimization with Textual Feedback cites this paper.

Language-Guided Tuning: Enhancing Numeric Optimization with Textual Feedback CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T17:44:45.946979Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4542f3d9-4b13-45e2-aacb-7774ed897667 · inbound

Glia: A Human-Inspired AI for Automated Systems Design and Optimization cites this paper.

Glia: A Human-Inspired AI for Automated Systems Design and Optimization CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T03:30:50.986025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d0e81f4f-6447-470c-a1c1-54d69c40d99b · inbound

LLM-Based Scientific Equation Discovery via Physics-Informed Token-Regularized Policy Optimization cites this paper.

LLM-Based Scientific Equation Discovery via Physics-Informed Token-Regularized Policy Optimization CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T01:09:51.812844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b3b6adf7-5bd7-4136-9584-a48b9fb589e7 · inbound

Large Language Models for Operations Research: A Comprehensive Survey cites this paper.

Large Language Models for Operations Research: A Comprehensive Survey CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 96

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T03:59:32.508154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d0e8c484-61ef-4967-a89d-42f1336927f0 · inbound

Vehicle Routing Problem Meets Large Language Models: An Overview and Perspectives cites this paper.

Vehicle Routing Problem Meets Large Language Models: An Overview and Perspectives CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 61

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T08:46:48.542160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 70700d14-48da-41a2-9603-4fe7159aacdb · inbound

SpecAHD: Localize to Specialize for Automated Heuristic Design in Large-Scale Routing Problems cites this paper.

SpecAHD: Localize to Specialize for Automated Heuristic Design in Large-Scale Routing Problems CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-30T16:16:27.822972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.