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TOI-6324b: An Earth-Mass Ultra-Short-Period Planet Transiting a Nearby M Dwarf

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arxiv 2502.16087 v3 pith:53EWMYBC submitted 2025-02-22 astro-ph.EP

TOI-6324b: An Earth-Mass Ultra-Short-Period Planet Transiting a Nearby M Dwarf

classification astro-ph.EP
keywords toi-6324dwarfplanetconfirmedcurveearth-sizedmassnearby
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We report the confirmation of TOI-6324 b, an Earth-sized (1.059 $\pm$ 0.041 R$_\oplus$) ultra-short-period (USP) planet orbiting a nearby ($\sim$20 pc) M dwarf. Using the newly commissioned Keck Planet Finder (KPF) spectrograph, we have measured the mass of TOI-6324 b 1.17 $\pm$ 0.22 M$_\oplus$. Because of its extremely short orbit of just $\sim$6.7 hours, TOI-6324 b is intensely irradiated by its M dwarf host, and is expected to be stripped of any thick, H/He envelope. We were able to constrain its interior composition and found an iron core mass fraction (CMF = 27$\pm$37%) consistent with that of Earth ($\sim$33%) and other confirmed USPs. TOI-6324 b is the closest to Earth-sized USP confirmed to date. TOI-6324 b is a promising target for JWST phase curve and secondary eclipse observations (Emission Spectroscopy Metric = 25) which may reveal its surface mineralogy, day-night temperature contrast, and possible tidal deformation. From 7 sectors of TESS data, we report a tentative detection of the optical phase curve variation with an amplitude of 42$\pm$28 ppm.

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