Selective addressing of solid-state spins at the nanoscale via magnetic resonance frequency encoding

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a leading platform for nanoscale sensing and imaging, as well as quantum information processing in the solid state. To date, individual control of two NV electronic spins at the nanoscale has been demonstrated. However, a key challenge is to scale up such control to arrays of NV spins. Here we apply nanoscale magnetic resonance frequency encoding to realize site-selective addressing and coherent control of a four-site array of NV spins. Sites in the array are separated by 100 nm, with each site containing multiple NVs separated by ~15 nm. Microcoils fabricated on the diamond chip provide electrically tuneable magnetic-field gradients ~0.1 G/nm. Tailored application of gradient fields and resonant microwaves allow site-selective NV spin manipulation and sensing applications, including Rabi oscillations, imaging, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with nanoscale resolution. Microcoil-based magnetic resonance of solid-state spins provides a practical platform for quantum-assisted sensing, quantum information processing, and the study of nanoscale spin networks.