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GW190425, GW190521 and GW190814: Three candidate mergers of primordial black holes from the QCD epoch

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arxiv 2007.06481 v3 pith:5MXBLIJR submitted 2020-07-13 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
keywords blackodotgw190425gw190521gw190814holeholesmergers
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The two recent gravitational-wave events GW190425 and GW190814 from the third observing run of LIGO/Virgo have both a companion which is unexpected if originated from a neutron star or a stellar black hole, with masses $[1.6-2.5]~M_\odot$ and $[2.5-2.7]~M_\odot$ and merging rates $ 460^{+1050}_{-360} $ and $ 7^{+16}_{-6}$ events/yr/Gpc$^3$ respectively, at 90\% c.l.. Moreover, the recent event GW190521 has black hole components with masses 67 and $91~M_\odot$, and therefore lies in the so-called pair-instability mass gap, where there should not be direct formation of stellar black holes. The possibility that all of these compact objects are Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) is investigated. The known thermal history of the Universe predicts that PBH formation is boosted at the time of the QCD transition, inducing a peak in their distribution at this particular mass scale, and a bump around $30-50~M_\odot$. We find that the merging rates inferred from GW190425, GW190521 and GW190814 are consistent with PBH binaries formed by capture in dense halos in the matter era or in the early universe. At the same time, the rate of black hole mergers around $30~M_\odot$ and of sub-solar PBH mergers do not exceed the LIGO/Virgo limits. Such PBHs could explain a significant fraction, or even the totality of the Dark Matter, but they must be sufficiently strongly clustered in order to be consistent with current astrophysical limits.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Reconstruction of Primordial Power Spectrum from Gravitational Waves of High-Redshift Black Hole Binaries

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Gradient-descent inversion of redshifted BBH mass distributions recovers the PBH mass function and, via regularized Press-Schechter, a candidate O(10^{-2}) bump in the small-scale primordial power spectrum.

  2. BinaryGFH-v2: Improved method to search for gravitational waves from sub-solar-mass, ultra-compact binaries using the Generalized Frequency-Hough Transform

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    BinaryGFH-v2 is a modified GFH method that can search for inspiraling binaries with chirp masses 0.01–0.1 solar masses, validated in Gaussian noise and projected to constrain PBH dark matter.

  3. Influence of supermassive primordial black holes on ultraviolet luminosity of high-redshift galaxies

    astro-ph.GA 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Fitting a model of supermassive primordial black holes to JWST data at z=11 reproduces the excess of bright galaxies, but the agreement reflects parameter tuning rather than an independent test.

  4. Considering lensing effect on gravitational wave signals from black holes in mass gap

    astro-ph.HE 2025-12 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    Gravitational lensing could in principle explain apparent mass-gap black-hole mergers, but the required magnifications are μ≈12–39 for GW190521 and μ≈320–444 for GW231123 depending on assumptions—and the paper's abstr...

  5. January Food Benchmark (JFB): A Public Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Suite for Multimodal Food Analysis

    cs.CV 2025-08 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The abstract promises a food-image benchmark and a winning model, but the manuscript pages contain only a different paper on primordial black holes, leaving every benchmark claim unsubstantiated.

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