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Structured Prompting: Scaling In-Context Learning to 1,000 Examples

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arxiv 2212.06713 v1 pith:6YVNJSZ7 submitted 2022-12-13 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords examplesin-contextlearninglengthnumbercomplexityconventionaldemonstration
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large language models have exhibited intriguing in-context learning capability, achieving promising zero- and few-shot performance without updating the parameters. However, conventional in-context learning is usually restricted by length constraints, rendering it ineffective to absorb supervision from a large number of examples. In order to go beyond few shots, we introduce structured prompting that breaks the length limit and scales in-context learning to thousands of examples. Specifically, demonstration examples are separately encoded with well-designed position embeddings, and then they are jointly attended by the test example using a rescaled attention mechanism. So we can scale the number of exemplars with linear complexity instead of quadratic complexity with respect to length. Experimental results on a diverse set of tasks show that our approach improves end-task performance and reduces evaluation variance over conventional in-context learning as the number of demonstration examples increases. Code has been released at https://aka.ms/structured-prompting.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. LLM-as-a-Coach: Experiential Learning for Non-Verifiable Tasks

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Training a language model by distilling a coach's written experiential knowledge beats training on a scalar rubric score for open-ended tasks, with better out-of-distribution transfer.

  2. Towards Compute-Optimal Many-Shot In-Context Learning

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Hybrid demonstration selection that adds 20 similar examples to a large cached random or k-means set matches or beats similarity-only selection at up to 10x lower estimated inference cost in many-shot ICL.

  3. Learning to Select Visual In-Context Demonstrations

    cs.LG 2026-03 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Dueling-DQN agent selects visual in-context demonstrations and outperforms kNN retrieval on objective regression benchmarks but not on subjective preference tasks, per the paper's main table.

  4. Prompting Large Language Models with Partial Knowledge for Answering Questions with Unseen Entities

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Giving an LLM a partial fact it already knows can trigger correct answers to questions it could not answer alone.

  5. DICE: Dynamic In-Context Example Selection in LLM Agents via Efficient Knowledge Transfer

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    DICE dynamically retrieves the most relevant in-context demonstrations at each agent step, and in this preprint it raises exact-match and success-rate scores on HotpotQA, ALFWorld, and Webshop across ReAct, Reflexion,...

  6. Unveiling Effective In-Context Configurations for Image Captioning: An External & Internal Analysis

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For Flamingo-style models, increasing the number of in-context examples improves language coherence but degrades visual-text alignment, and similarity-based image retrieval inflates CIDEr scores by encouraging caption...

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