Chiral Symmetry and Axial Anomaly in Hadron and Nuclear Physics --- a review --

The important role played by chiral symmetry and axial anomaly in QCD in nuclear physics is reviewed. Some recent topics on possible chiral restoration in hot and/or dense matter are picked up. We also discuss so called {\em effective} restoration of chiral anomaly hot and/or dense matter, as may be seen in a character change of $\eta '$ meson.