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Language Models are Homer Simpson! Safety Re-Alignment of Fine-tuned Language Models through Task Arithmetic

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arxiv 2402.11746 v1 pith:7G2Q365I submitted 2024-02-19 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords restasafetyarithmeticcompromisedfine-tuninglanguagemodelmodels
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Aligned language models face a significant limitation as their fine-tuning often results in compromised safety. To tackle this, we propose a simple method RESTA that performs LLM safety realignment. RESTA stands for REstoring Safety through Task Arithmetic. At its core, it involves a simple arithmetic addition of a safety vector to the weights of the compromised model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of RESTA in both parameter-efficient and full fine-tuning, covering a wide range of downstream tasks, including instruction following in Chinese, English, and Hindi, as well as problem-solving capabilities in Code and Math. We also showcase the generalizability of RESTA on three existing safety evaluation benchmarks and a multilingual benchmark dataset proposed as a part of this work, consisting of 550 harmful questions covering 11 categories, each with 5 sub-categories of harm. Overall, RESTA decreases the harmfulness of the compromised model from 18.6% to 5.1% and from 9.2% to 1.5% in parameter-efficient and full fine-tuning, respectively, while maintaining most of the model's performance on the task. We release the source codes at: https://github.com/declare-lab/resta.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. MoGU V2: Toward a Higher Pareto Frontier Between Model Usability and Security

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    MoGUv2 embeds small routers in the deeper layers of LLMs to dynamically blend a helpful variant and a refusal variant, improving safety against jailbreak and fine-tuning attacks while preserving usability.

  2. Anchoring Refusal Direction: Mitigating Safety Risks in Tuning via Projection Constraint

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ProCon anchors each sample's hidden-state projection onto the LLM's initial refusal direction during instruction fine-tuning, reducing refusal-direction drift and safety risks with limited task-performance loss.

  3. Turning the Spell Around: Lightweight Alignment Amplification via Rank-One Safety Injection

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ROSI bakes the refusal direction into a model's weight matrices via a rank-one update, raising refusal and jailbreak robustness with minimal measured utility cost.

  4. SEALGuard: Safeguarding the Multilingual Conversations in Southeast Asian Languages for LLM Software Systems

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A LoRA-adapted SeaLLM model detects unsafe and jailbreak prompts in nine Southeast Asian languages with 97% recall and 98% F1 on the authors' new SEALSBench benchmark, far above zero-shot LlamaGuard.

  5. Unlocking the Effectiveness of LoRA-FP for Seamless Transfer Implantation of Fingerprints in Downstream Models

    cs.CR 2025-08 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    Backdoor fingerprints trained into LoRA adapters on a base LLM transfer to derivative models with 100% trigger success and, in several scenarios, greater robustness than directly injected fingerprints.

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